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L2 - Introduction

Chapter 1 provides an introduction to electric drives, detailing their background, advantages, parts, and types including DC and AC drives. It discusses the characteristics, maintenance, and applications of both types, as well as the evolution of electric drives with the introduction of semiconductor devices. The chapter also classifies electric drives into group, individual, and multimotor drives, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages.

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12 views

L2 - Introduction

Chapter 1 provides an introduction to electric drives, detailing their background, advantages, parts, and types including DC and AC drives. It discusses the characteristics, maintenance, and applications of both types, as well as the evolution of electric drives with the introduction of semiconductor devices. The chapter also classifies electric drives into group, individual, and multimotor drives, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages.

Uploaded by

jubainsolution
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 1

Introduction to Electric Drives


Outline
➢ Background

➢ Concept of electric drive

➢ Advantages of electric drives

➢ Parts of an Electric Drive

➢ Types of electric drives

➢ Basic elements

➢ Factors influencing electric drives

1
➢ Types of Electric drives

Remember
Every machine that is used in a modern factory,
manufacturing unit or transportation unit consists of
three parts
a) Prime mover i.e motor or engine (drive)
b) Transmission system such as belt, gears etc and
c) Proper machine.
Electric drive is a form of machine equipment designed
to convert electric energy into mechanical energy and
provide electric control of this process.
2
➢ Types of Electric drives
➢ DC drives:
A dc motor speed can be controlled by using a power
converter. Motor is coupled with load

➢ AC drives:
An ac motor speed can be controlled by a power
converter. Here motor is coupled with load. The main
purpose is to vary the motor speed

3
➢ Types of Electric drives
➢ Comparison between DC and AC Drive

4
➢ Types of Electric drives
➢ AC drive verses DC drives market dynamics

Boldea & Nasar

5
➢ Overview of AC and DC drives
DC motors:
Characteristics
Regular maintenance, heavy, expensive, speed limit
Easy control, decouple control of torque and flux

AC motors:
Characteristics
Less maintenance, light, less expensive, high speed
Coupling between torque and flux - variable spatial angle
between rotor and stator flux

6
Overview of AC and DC drives
Before semiconductor devices were introduced (<1950)
➢ AC motors for fixed speed applications
➢ DC motors for variable speed applications

After semiconductor devices were introduced (1950s)


➢ Variable frequency sources available - AC motors in
variable speed applications
✓ Coupling between flux and torque control
✓ Application limited to medium performance
applications –fans, blowers, compressors –scalar
control
➢ High performance applications dominated by DC
motors –tractions, elevators, servos, etc
7
➢ Overview of AC and DC drives
After vector control drives were introduced (1980s)

✓ AC motors used in high performance applications


such as elevators, tractions, servos

✓ AC motors favorable than DC motors - however


control is complex hence expensive
✓ Cost of microprocessor/semiconductors decreasing
- predicted 30 years ago AC motors would take
over DC motors

8
➢ Overview of AC and DC drives
Classification of electrical drives

(i) Group drive:


▪ A single electric motor drives a line shaft from which
an entire group of machines can be operated supported
on bearings.
▪ The line shafts may be fitted with either pulleys and
belts or gears, by means of which a group of machines
or mechanism may be operated. This drive is also
called as shaft drive. Application such as simple metal
working, house hold appliances etc
9
➢ Overview of AC and DC drives
Classification of electrical drives
Advantages:
1. A single large motor can be used instead of a small
motors
2. The rating of single large motor may be approximately
reduced taking into account the diversity factor of
loads; the motor, normally induction type, can thus
work at about full load, increasing the efficiency and
power factor.

10
➢ Overview of AC and DC drives
Classification of electrical drives
Disadvantages:
1. Not flexible, It is not possible to install additional
machine as per our wish
2. In case of any fault to the main driving motor, all the
other motors will be stopped immediately.
3. Level of noise produced at the site is high.
4. Less safe to operate.
5. Since all the motors has to be connected through belts
and pulleys, large amount of energy is wasted in
transmitting mechanisms. Therefore, power loss is high
11
(ii)
Individual drive:
Each individual machine is driven by a separate motor. This
motor also imparts
.
motion to various parts of the machine.
Examples of such machines are single spindle drilling
machines and laths, modern industries

Advantages:
1. Machines can be located at convenient places.
2. Continuity in the production of the processing industry
is ensured to a high level of reliability.
3. If there is a fault in one motor, the effect on the
production or output of the industry will not be affected.
Disadvantages:
1. Initial cost is very high.
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(iii) Multimotor drive:
Consists of several several individual drives each of which
serves to actuate one of the working parts of the driven
mechanism. Example in metal cutting machine tools, paper
making machines, rolling mills etc.

Another example of a multimotor drive system is a crane:


This type of multimotor drive incorporates three devices:
first for virtual movement, second for side movement and
third for forward movement of the load. Each of this drives
functions separately and the operator of the crane
coordinates their functions. Other application heavy
industries, heavy industry
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ASSIGNMENT

1. Define Drive and Electric Drive.


2. List out some examples of prime movers.
3. List out some advantages of electric drives.
4. Give some examples of Electric Drives.
5. What are the types of electric drives?
6. What is a multi motor electric drive? Give some
examples.
7. Give an expression for the losses occurring in a machine.

14

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