Claptt precpitaBon the depleHon and

- deati wlth govtning

Iydrolo94 -Qrth Suien te
Replen ishrnent

4. ttydto powtr
Je«fgn of tydrOulic Struceres S watr Suppl4. 1. Tirlgoti on
I.
(so I
2. potluti on (on 6. NOviq ati bn
3. Plood Cohtrol
ranspiretlon
* Hydro log ical cyete l eveporation
undt Int lration , Condensation
Preipitation
Sun - main source of en ergy
ls const Qnt.

¥precopitation !
cttr ron at mp.
" denctu au forms Of 0.5 nto
min
droplet for Pp?
"Rainfall - water mak 6mm

Raintau type [otensity.

2.Smmlbs
1Fght 2-s- os mmhr
" MOderate
" heavy.
Raintau (<Imm lhr)
Smcu inttnsi hy
- drizz le
Ice Crg Stale. < Imm) g= 19 lce
Snow

Hail lump ot ice Y&mm

lce crysFali
Giaze csops)
- dew- mofs tut e. (vergsmcl! Cond ense
- Prost - type ot de w (wattr rapoi Ice Caystal)
Slet Showt Rain falls on earth
9ls0Nee
Note:. Global. watlr
Qvai labte -

44-2/. + Sal'ne 2 Preshwute

o 033y. + Pot human use and consumpHon

pteupitat on - l00cm-y
3* Arerage annucd
* T4pes Of preupitation
Convctive 3 0r0graphic 4p Front al
 pressute area ( otu*s on Surtate o lorge wotro boou
. . l o rQe o
as iyetonic Such au ocean)

"n oturf- du o preure dit, bln ground and ligt wott body.
"Heavy r Qingau ove (arge Ore0 { very strong oindet OntHtoctwte in Hemisph
Notorn ue
NoHe". Anh cyclone - (loCEuoise wlnd in Northtn tHemirfphere.
Hugh pierue are a.
b5 (onvetive:
due to tem p ditt bln motst alr ond lt suttounding.
> heat awatm ar tises Cools + Preupitate,
" Heovy Yaln7au intenciy ko Shot durcti on wind wad
CHeavy ta'n)
EX? Summer ralrs

cs Oro qraph'e:.
Moist alr
litted du to mountain cooy-’prlpitat es

wind ward stope heavy pph

OCr fo pographic ohstruch'on, at
lee wQrd slope

d) Frontal !
T4pe ot Cyclonie preupitaHon. wamarmay
" Seperot es -Ront
FortaJ sur7ace forms- Cold ai's mau
(ront)

2 Cold alr front pp

pai,
E!- Rainy secuon-

NOtee.
Season Io lndia + flrst Ocur ln kEPALA
Shant lndtan oce
Arerage unott = SSCm

pth. o6 wate
Measuremnt ot preepitatfon. DUe neasure veet cal ade
acumlate on groun od,
clso caued
Plevio mettr Hyeto meter)
. By 1ain Guage (om bro meer
|Oo mm my @ a tie
Slmon
loomm - (o00 m atime
Typy- I Non ducording typet 1S ainQuage

2. Reiording tepe. foiging buek et - (aph pape rting

locaon
TiPplng buctet Yemote and Co aceu ible
stphon (Ploating) -Is cecle Tecommanded Cqvaphial)
 Giva only depth..
Non Recording TUpe
depth = 30tm Contret base Gox6o6o
simon ’ dia =12 Cm

Recording type (Gives Raingau tph aln forn 0{ Pp

mas Curve
Bucket at Inatesibit are a

Bucket gives iotnchy

2) TIPing gives
mass CUve
with punJ
mountd
3) Natural y phon [charttd

Note mast be Duording tyPL

IS Code -
min t0y. Ralnguage
As pr Radar
OVer an
YalntaU
2) T0 meature to atal No Of
ment ara
t0tal catch
NHwOrk Rato o6
Rain guage guages Ratrguage denthy
Rain guage per ten(! area
NO O8 I520 knm 2
IRG India= IRG bokm
Iy for Plain 260 - 390km2
IR6
Fo etevated (00om)
2 130k m 2
mOuntalns
3 For
Statipn
Rain qu9
Pequ'tement XsS m
egu'recd - 5-5
Minimum Plot Size tau
30m
Nares t
RG and
2 min listance bln
open to sky. at that
rain7cll
3) ground requireel 1o do avnage
u) min 30yeat daa
Rainguage.
Station
08 Rainguage
O6 ava'able
data. CCr )
1y variaion

Prrot
Ce)
2)
* Optimum Number 05 Rain Guagey Peque d

erros.
 X (00
P

On- SHandard division

n

n>N Subtiant: N-n

Addiional. RG
hNdegicin
9) CatChment arca has 4 R6
Py 8Cn
P,= 3Cm, P, 5Cm,
and additio nal Num o RG.
ind o-ei-P)2
ÞX100 n-]
N=
() 3+.82} 2.0&%(00
= VE3-5s'+ (s-ss 2.0%
N= 5.5

3+$ +6t & 5.SCm

4
4
A
dd1tional

P 82 6cm P3 = (O-3C
CadChment 6RG Py llo3( Pe l36.7Cm
P - (o2 4tm

(S0.34 qE.e l02.9 t 10-34 136:7

Sor P: (6 2-6 t
I|GsCm.
lilt-s) 3503
6: (826 - 118) (lto3 -
G-5

Cy=
0X I00 3so3XI00 Q9,54Y

N= 99.54) 872
N-n= 3

Yainkas dat a
Value
Continuity twlthod

Cons stenty- Ttutiy Representahoo

Checki nq CCrtht nmetic Erors,
 dat a

Qnd
Bin
Chek
Slmpe mean
data lies bln
NOrmal RaHo

Ra.
mhod - Avg Nelghbouing
Iy Sim ple ean whrre
h=Tod RG, - |

Sta tion data

2) Normal Ratio mehod
Based Oh Nedg hboaring
Pn
( N

Annuai precipttaions o6
nStatioy

whre Stan Pp" in age

are NUighbouring
P, P. P
Drccipitation in year (cm)
Noral annual Rainkal/ Ctm )
Statton 153
|0:6
A

(6S. 3
78.2

I48.33 (
(E0.3x|)
Chec NR 1e02xo4-|62.27Cm

1S6.t6 Cm,
Pat PetPp n
Simple mean Pe

Rainsau (N) prlupitn in year (P)

Not Mal annual
A 60

&0

|00

Nc PA Pe PeE
Normal raho - NA N
* Consi sHeny of Raingau data îk data ts In(ontist (nt

Double mass cur ve 7- cu mm ulQhe annu al Rain

bau ob
Statio (cm ) to
y- Conm mulativc anoual Raintau
- (e Stcation avage Cim)

* prentati on ot Raintau data -astte Riotolrng

Car
7 Cummulative Paintau
dp
Iy Rain kau mass (urve
time (n hou) dt

3) Hyctograph - Bar chart 1bistogram

To tal
h indtnsihy Vs timl
YalnGau = Tot al area O6
hyetugrap h

3) Dept area duraton [DAD Cueve

data.
USed to Convert Point mingau tu Qerlal
Dg >D, > DI- Avg depty vs Orea (km)
P- p e-kAh.
A km2
Area Raink u oves aea
Nature deptn o6
Center O Ston
1St Quadrant lImb O6 Po- Htg het PP at
hyperbol a K,n Cont
D!

ny CuYVC. - In itnsthy vs durh

luraHon fre9ue
) Intenstty dutafi0n tequeny curve VI dun
dept
s) dept SH.
- TO deign large hycrauiz
maximum pre cepitation ( PMP)
k probable ogiven duvation Ovtr basin
Poscibie physicatly for
max raingal Fator
k’ fregutnly
PMP = P-ravg Pph
Pmax 4216 DO.47r
Observed Rainb aul
may D> du n hs
 (4|npreR-|
PeuptatHon CallQion
Mean PrccipitaHon !
equivalent ?rnaginary raintau
Yedured in to single
Recordrd Rainsau data ment.
Tepreitnfinq tht enttre CaJCh
preupitafion P.
Mehod1 to fod (ond
cst Ftat area. distribtod.
[Const
avg metho)
method- l cunitormly
mean - Raintau
I. Arhtm atc Homogerngous climatt
PitP:f P e t tPro
Pas
Cweighttd QveCg"
m
metnod)
2. Thiesen polugon meth od r thic
Rainqucge staton , luing
ase asigned for
lach
Thiersen wcighagt
" meun
the p is found.Pp

Pa
Amthe' ssos poly gon.

Ai wugnage faetor
ran area
SA

P= SP: x A?
A

method! (ACcut te method ) more RG

3 Isobyetal " Sw table for
billy Orco and
hyet.- line foinéng polnt of eeul raùntaL
(So
ine jolning oint of ual snowtcl.
" |Sonilb -
(Ao A A A3)

Pe Pa a (" 2

0f 4 le)
CNO inthstchion
Staibn ’SOin au Station
scale s lden ti 6 { RG
) Plot win suitable
Sa uare tiongl
draw t bisectoy.
A, a2 A,5 A (A JEa ) 4ives a a
 CAPTE R
Igttraton. Evaporcetio TRANcpiRATIO N

* Evap Orati on
kE Of Coeter mo lecules ‘
when
EXternal thermal entrqy
reathes Prat the wcter (sCape into Ctmosphere

presure parial press trve enerted by vapor .

vapour
" qutlibrlum state
cocd e =Satusation Vapouu preu letC
surtece of
t vapour pYeutre above DCCurc
evCepovotion and conden ation
then NO

Evaporation
2 soUre es Of heat
Prusure cdesic°d
3 Vapou

actors aHecting
presture dib6ertn[ e
Ivapcur
a
emp ot alr Ond water
2.
wlnd velo uty. Fen
Satt

presure and Aiti ude

Atmocpheric Shalo w dept
S water body
6. Deptu y
tumidiy
e. Radiation. a
O6 tvapOratio
Of evaporati orv
measurement
e.
fmpirical formula
2. budge mefhod
3 ater
Energy balance metnod

evaporation
datons tas o6
Rate o Evaportion
J
Satucted otucd
 of evap0t ai0n- knoon au evaapotl me ttte |atmormettss
|* PAN miasatement

* Ep- pan evaporahon

cocbi ccent = lake evaporation
* Cp Pan pan evaporati on

fton lake SA X depth.

ratcd
f Vol 0f watte evapo dia dep t,
Types ot pans. Remarly
GI Sheet.
-l.22 m
US wB C10ss A PAN CopperSheed
- 420x920 mm
CIass A PAN kupt beloo GL-
2 - 1Somm
Sun kern PAN
3 colorado Qoox40omm

qeolog i cal survey floaing Pan - Budgt Ean ) mas tranbeu

netho cl
Us 89h 6) Energy
5) wattr Budget V-mean wind speed.
2) Emperi cal for meulao
I} Fttzeratds Quation
(0.4+ 0-124v) (es-ea)
2) H0rtonA Equat on
3) Rohwtrs Lauaton
law. s E- km (Ps-Pa) (1+Vg)
16
Bscd on daltony mmday
u) Meytrs 6quat'on - e Km O36 -
deep wate
pressure - 'n mm o} H9 Shalouy o e
Pg = Soaturation Vapour Ha
O.s -
Pa = avtual vapout Ptusure, - in mho O
oind vla
Evaporati o loVg- n(an monthy
Methods 06 aeducing
area
0f Sur fa e
|By reducti on
S uba(e.
Over Coter
mechan ical co vers levaporution ihibt or )
2 B4 hold,
hol, steanyl aleo
(hemicall - CetyI alco oH
3 B4 Cis Hg 0H Cie H3

Truns piration &

devtee
e measured by phytorntttr (oniu med by plant duting u
weighd O6 water
t fanspiraion tatio
T': psoducedby ent
aster uoiting
(ET);
K Evapotrons pirat on
Evapotron spiration ts Sum of plart Pvaporafi
on and (and
fo the mmedi ate Surrounding to the Ptants
evaporation uate nnoiSture h
eapotransplxation (PE+)ohile having adeq
I PoenHal Soi fo dul gnooth Cs Plart
evapotanspisation (AET )
uspeue (ordios
gven place
 ES#maton 06 Evapotten1plvation

o meaue Evapotranspiratoo
nay
spiraion equaion - penmons EQuotlon -Ehti9y balante 4
2 Evapo tren tanster opproach
3 Empirtcal Eguanon -
A+
Btanety (riddie formtla
A >solope 6t eç vs temp.
loo

Er =PET|montn,
clepend on iop type
k= empritol cot’
monthuy annual day ttme hours
Ôt
in °P
me an monthty temp

"T; MC FC AET PET AET

AgT PET
Me-moist Content AET (DEr <I

PET
Pp- peemantnt
wilingoit

joln ing places of Equal depths of PET

line

Factors afftiq eaoarton

Metevduto acors
Botl motusre
5
Addthtg
PET -A6T As0 SeVere
* Aridity tndey- (A) A <250-m?ld
A 2s-$OY-MOderatt
 PAN
SA to0 ha TS PA, Evaporati or per day
Reervolr
Eovapora tion frorm Rerer Voir
find
-2
Vo! Vol =
depth = Area
g9x 1o4 m'lday
depth CpxEP =
: 3:2Cm day
) IS pan
Vol dcreased -u2 ltr
Rain kau Sn mM,
on olep t wkt d= (-22
Find Evaporai t"2 XIo-3
vol
depth atea (IxI.22
3sxOm

&rmm
39mm t
deptu o Evapor aion
Final

evaporaton

20cm
in wcttr level-
dectone
Inttow lohectCy metr

>0 hQe- m
Lriqath on = (20 484 + s) 0
ation = 2Cm l0 +3ham-
Pan CVapor ha-m.
Seepage > G.6
Raint w -3(h
loha
flncl Seepage los
2
2
6
3cm X I km -

2 12 ha-m
lo xIO =
E 12
|2 Xo.7

20 ha -m
 mmlday ·47
lcmph. al.q Ve
(H) Vq
)
16 V
(o,-m)(1Ya
km E
O3(
body wote dbily
deep Conside ote. Evp
a velou
ty wind
Pa
ha250 Reseivoit
-SA
 Jngitation indice
2£otm 2 Punolt produced 25-2 *toGm3
Calchrn ent Area
y houtS
find( -fnd tx
Sform Clusa ion
Storm Ittnslh 2 %cm(hr

Sor I1. 2-9

Re
252 X o6 aCm
-te
280X106

3.5 cml bt, 42 Cml h , 29Cm [hr o

t 3hy
S eeniv ho urs
Runok 3Cm
Surkare
25 33 Cm lb
3S¢ 42¢ 2.9-3

t= 6hr inttnsiHel
mmlb

dindex
44t 25 + (7 +1+ 3-34b u2
sume

<
8mm ht

thtee Suces s ive 2 hour period 6s, 28, |6 C

trde
u-32 - 9-288 Cm (hr
)
Oin: P-R
2^3

b2s

|4
2

indeT =
lo mm |br R ?
Time Ral ntal
5)
SO| Qindex P-R
|~ 2 t
2-3 |2
(2 6t12)-e P2 Omn
2
3-4
 S Su(eSslve dags io 3, 6 12, 6, 12 Cn
Rain7ai)
Surtace Find ) index
P- R 3+ 841t 6+2
= 32 tm lday
)
p-e Bt 12 +6 - IS 3: 66Cm lday O. ISzCmlh
3

and sulin9
)t uhr Yainhau and
Tsulting Find fu nott
2(om. 16 inde Y(main Same.

Ocuri n9 for &houy io the Cath ment

for

t
6Cm
t

B) The in7i(ti aHon depth fo1 storm

are
1omm and Smm,
Cniial an d inal lofiltraton (apa utHe,
Ini|Hration Rate (ons t ant Is
3S-2 m
Soi
(apacitiy
ff - Final iniltruion
ff raion Capaty.
ff xt t fo- fo- intHal tnyilt
Yale cons
SX6 + l0-S k- ing1ation

3S-2 Én 2y houss
Raintu LOc
. CotChment a1c0 fo Cm (h
Pan evaporahon O.6C 3Cm | br
f
Votume in m?
deeminc Runolb
2.24 Cm.
Sol
0-3* 2 4 t l-o.? = 34cm
f xt t botbb
2 032om
Votumne RX A vea 2.24 X L0 X |- XI0°
Runo t
 al ony ine )
t- Infi Htati on Capaity opau ty
(inlsa) fo - inihal infi lckon (
fe)e-kt.
f:fet (o- Fe.
-Sady cut, trahon Capauhy
+c steady State inH Constont,
t - (n fi (Hrehon fede
tlortons Inttrahon (rv

Cutve
Tureft wing Hortons

Hyetograph + Hort0ns Cueve + givu runoff

hortony u e
bove tne
Runoft Qhea

unoff

IngiHrah on
Indices
(he Org ate in titraibn )
ng traton os an averaqe rate
These Yepresenb
25 w tnder.
inder Qbove
whith Rainfau ?s eouad to runott?
tngrtration
index - Averaqe tae o
A

Ingilra tHon during runot6 /curateon of storm during

inder funott
index = Pe-R
te

Ratotau during runotRuntau cortuponon to

Pe - Hme t
te - time os eNces in dex
R- Total RenoH clept

excess Timt of eNCen qhe amount ot YQn7cul

Rain}als the vau os ivcle .

-D w-lnd eri- " Avq Ane Ltraion duetng entre s toi mduYatt on
tosses fperated 09 tota o w.
 Total (nfrliral io ndudog storm
Total storim elurat on

in whCh raintau intenity

the tme
rate cluring
Avg ingiltratWon
exeedr the capouty
P Total rçntal tl ning storm. (Cm)
Winder- p-R- lo sses Total s tot m O af on (htc)
R- Runoff CCm)

accuvcte than Inder,

Wndex more (oss es.
Noe. depresio n ond intereprion
L Exudes tfectve Ralntau hyetograph.
above o inder (Ine -
2 tityeogr apk
2oOBb,
iniHal ng L41ahibn ate =

Rate in hr ( ) i6 Ln giltration capal y aster

2Smm hr
1 Ccte
fnal
ingi lHaboh

Lhot
ic qommm h 25+ (200- 2r)
90=

-2.st
TPmt
fnd Runot! depty
-2
R p- I
2-3. 2 3
P= slxat= -2Sto

to . l6 2
G.s2scm
(t-0.l62 ) 4 ¢l2 i) t 3 (3- 2) = b332
6-820rnJ p, u
R 1352 - 4S=

AGte =P= Pxat

 PUN OfF
voturm of runok
i} Runot (riv vointou /N ointalt (Yteu Taintal P=

- flouing oil or preciplialiOn from o tothmeot area through a

Sur{ac Channtt.
ot Sol.
(nrlow: ingiuerot e ond more laltraluy. through upptr (rut
+ th10ugh ftow, SiOrm set poge , Sub (urkote flow, 9ict teurn fow

ob6
* (Om ponents 0 tun
Prormpt nttr{low
fow)
2 Subrurate Tunoks o) nter{low Delayed intersw. (aro und watu
3 Ground wcet lv

Runo ( CluiHahon.

i direet runott - Storm unott

a Hon on Channl SusbaLe.
Surace runobo t promp lntertloto + preupit

interstotw.
9r0und cwaier ft0w, deayed uentay
The delayed fto w that
ground cter tlow.

ln (n dlia Jne g to May 31t

* wattr year -
S4rams.
Corrie Some tlow.
perennial - Alwy sg1ound watlr How
HOs
months
- mas ernarn dry, for Some
ronm Q1ound oatee
tnde nmitten
(Non perenní al) imited Conttlbuhion
. Hay
blow
dulng
raÉntalu
beeome dry astr end o Stream
Corttibuti on.
3 {phemeral.
dounot have
(remporg
(or)
(thost (lved )
 k- runof
Yaint al
+k t aren ttom
'Srang
catChment Ch aracttrshy
depende on
(discharge frequeny (urve)
(urve!- probabuty
*flow Dusati on disc harge') .
vs Pert entage
flow rate. (daily
Plot bln flow Variaion.
Stream peset thsougs
" To study (004 deperdabte dischouge
the yea
Rivu
- Petrinias

slocw i eguas
D croeede d.

probabiity. o)
Perterlage CatChment
men, In a
virgin flow w0rksO6 Slream.
Unaffeeted by fen on a
lverS
" A Sream flow storage Qnd
iuctures for
" Virqin flow in - s
f
es uuent slreQn GoT
Influent
and
frohn Stream to
pace
s Seepcge tares
belocw.flow eam
Tngtuen+- GwT 6eeds the Sts
flow Gw
Cf{uent GwT above
PastTeord.
Reationip) dore by
Pingau-Runott
Onalyis ( R

Ber (ow 4ables

Strange table ( R aP +b
3. lndicey
rahon
4 tofit
ingillrahion
Horfons slmations
wcter She d

7 Ceonie's percenages
CCN-CN ethocl. Runob Co4 Rurl b6
P
Runobk Co-cer =
A
(o Hydiog rapks India
 (HPTER.v

* tydrographs

I tiydroqraph? lven
to esHnate YunoH from (otChrnent for a
AnDther method
Stot.

distharge tn streom (vs) Hme ) fn Chôonologi cod

Hycrogr aph! Orde.

ation
: - Ratntaudut
C hycrograph
Time base o6
A
lpk - Tirne to peaje from Startirq olnd
fp-T - (ag i me or) Time to prak

imb
AB torm Char acterlsiCA Copttou tne Shcpe bf tslng
* Rising limb - Bain Cnd
flow aHer heavy r04 nfau . Corftoled
4 Crest segment - Peak pear is
bln (M Of roinfaul to
. ime intervc Ch arater stiG.
bq boui and Storm

* Peces on limb -(cD) - enc ok Character ictic)

(ndependent Ot Stor m Chovactenttia )
(depend onty on bs in

tydrograpa implp fydoograpl

storm
*prood bydrogvoph / the thre Phases o6
Consist Of
îhe hydrograph ioterfow and
bauesow.
Surface,

as6ccting hydrograp h ?
dusation, dircHon, Pnien stty
(t,d,)
* Factot
" Stotm tactos orainage dens ty
Size, Shapt, Slope and
Catchment factors -
nQ4row hyososco
fan shape Carchmen t 9tve. high peak
Shapt ot basin - fun Shape. - c atchmentt give brocd - low peok
hyohapy
iS size ok basfn Pertonetet
b) compat COC66 Cc 2 VA TT
a) form Factor Bavg /Leng th.
widh.

Seep slo Pe - lasge peak

i) Slope of cat Chmen t Small Ptat
Pat Slope /totad drai
denst hy Tota Chathnel lengt -nage Atea,
iv) drainge density targe pak - more
o TB
Vis dur at'on ot raing au
V) lnttnihy ’a
Peak.
- De Hydrogta
Base flow seperaion Base Bloo seperated.
hydio9raph tnobg ptocueed by Catcs ment
from StorM - îo 7n d

qrapu-
direct runott hydto septraion,
DRH- B ese Blow
Obtincd Qster
1un Otb
hydrograph
Su of DeH O1cncte
fhe Ordinaleg K
îime inter val of
ot Rnoßt
folal rolume
Baseow
DRH = FHG-

au#ytograpa ()indexJ
tHcive Reln losseA
* tlH - intt'al loss and insi trahen
Ob4ained
tly eio9raph
!s caued 6RH.
aph ob 6xCeyraUng Qe
Hyeto r
Supra f intale -
Cmlheun
ERH glv4- Tano! deph.
Raintau " Area of
ijensiky
oindes.
t|YEf6GeAp#
Cunts.
e n bu Io daieent
tRH 9ivu Raintau
N04e DRH e
CatChment
Punokt yolume = ERA
hydegropa
UNIT HYDPOGRApH dusatton. 1e61hn9
7 roqraph
runobt hyd unifotn O Certain
T4 is dirtel stoim
OVe.
proclu teo by einikormly
91 uno tb
Cct Chment
Stotm.
- fo derive Cat Ch men+ fora given
 JOr e

qvap h., yh cenit

hydrogvopa
Ex- 6h unit hydto

Sherman in a catC hrnent is

rainkcu
DRH or e}tCire
Seme.
always Suprr posihon.
corrponding
Prinuple ot 0rclinal u ot
Repone!,ure 'rtimes. tht
) . DR# =
(I mp au sti mp hon D hoty
Unit GExce tn curction ot
clepha

3) Vaid (9mefhcdu )
ditterent dutahon-
Shd be there
* unit hydrog raph aniom SBors
T:nD
position
iy methocd of supe
ubt 2 beX

ustng Dht Unt hydiogiap)

CVe S heydrogropl (const e 6ecire
rantad
S lontln bs
produced by
a hydrogropu
an intinlle Pri Od. TD (or) T<D
ele lOh
ConstQn UH
du to
yht
S CUrve

CUrve - intreases ane

clischar qe 6or, S geodualy
Curve
Ordincte ok S
The cesChorge
Max vaue -
-mls 2,
(atChment Qrea tn km
A:
in hour
D- curoahion

NOte tipnH - S000tm2

aph t Upper
Limitaton unit hycrogr lotwer limit - 200

be UnItorm
divisiOn
of T{ Showd
Catch nert
t fos ungucgec
groph (SuH) snyclrs uni t Hydrograpb
tic uni+ hydro duraton
* synthe
unit hydrograph (toH): HH for O
Instantanes Hme -area " Indtpencltnt ot raintal
hit to gram dunation,
Nash
 mehodd
t Convotuion Ulng sucenlve Slorme

Hrme o tsav tn raHt

2ual
joing Point oy
Ischtom C - Imaginarg line
CHPPTER - O6
Esimtlon
Mocimem looc
Structures o
hydroui'c
are
requred to deign
Tlood peaks ove tops.
Here Hhe waler
a riveY.
stage damage
* Prood Is highes t cauing los os Use and
tne banks and Submerge large area
to property
Heavy raintau
fce
2. sudden meteing
3. Obstruc fion to the low

dli scharge <soooha

to estimate mar 6lood <5Okm
k Method Appticable for sm u size cathment
RaHona Method- -
crban cdrainage desi gn, Smcl cuevestey
or î alo cll ed tnpermeabiuth
AIR
valid one t pear Food. discharge s- / 360
t tt A ’he tcus
t t c +it t not givcn Conceniraton
Inttnsiby torl,tc- time ct
CUter 6rom the point OG
tor a drop O6
tc - tlme taken
Dutlet Catcment , t ’ kisp}cht
Catuh ment to eeeh

found from
Noe Return period tc Can be teO.o19 ç
Raintau brequeny dduration Curve.
(o.38

blood narks -
2. Uiinq pia st
9-Axv

Peak of PHG denotes War fwo

3. Unlt hydiograph meth od.
Acmetten duscharge
4 Aood enveope 80f(A) - dischauge f
 (A - km)
-
57Emperical Pomla
and Norty past Ot Country
(eniral
Dicken's Cor mala. - Gp Cp- A'3
rormula - tesecl tn south paut
2, RYve's
Mahat aytra
used in
cwstlrn ghaty
3. IngtiSh Formul a

JA +0-4

NOte.
on Gound by Klr plch equa on
tc - tme Of con centrai

6) Plood AreguenCy analysis -’ saad eptap

X- X from var ious hydrologtCal
k-frequeney kectot.
3 metthods Cem be ls txtremp -Valwe
ctistribution lchouw mehod
2 (09 Parson tdistrlbutson
llstribution
3: loq -NOr mal

Renott-I in AR
Impeemtabiity fator| Coett ot S6

O.3 to 0.8

joinng the point of eguau time ot

2 lsoch rone- line concentrath' on
barmages, Aguecutk.
Loods . SPILLayCy.60Mm), Pemanent
flood CwhiCh is adopted bor deiig n
t. design
Spiu way
deigo tlood
2.
Seveee most
PMF - Probabte mar flood
so to 6OY PM
Standard Pojut floed sPe - cue tO

iprobab le m@v þpn (P MP) der

m-
S. des 19n Stor
san daaProjet Sto ,
 Peat O6 GH UH 36 nls

peak
6mlcee
pph in cm bor
the depts the
Cind o-6cmlht
th at
Ghes

Peak DRH = I50 - 6= I4 4ms

Dear ot DRH
36

0-6

t
P 6Cm,

O3
02
O4
Vol o, Punoßi S044} (20:) 4t
tis Same

Asea undet DRH

volune Ot Direct Rurolt Dhs
depth Ot dire ct runo6ts = Vol ot direct
CA

te
Cases ta

vol of Pano7 ,tatte)&p

vot o Punotb = 0pte
 Flcod Frequenq Ondyeis
*
Probabl ity me thod. Suitable cwheo we hove (ange
o) Stat cHeal
Sam ple Slze OveT a Perlod ot Hme.

Othe formulcy - to tind peak discharge 4 îo tind Petun Priod T)

CaUt or nia lo tmula
Propabi uky o 0cuairgdischarp
T
2) wef bul fOtmulQ T= Nt|
m
3) US (01pe T P
u) Hazen Fot mula
- N total UUM Of dara
Serle point
- m
Rank we aue

Reltabilthy Ln desrgn lite D

lQuaue d Os (xceeded.
Structure pear descharge nerer

dugn 06 SHrueture Peat desehaucqe equau ed

once
C) FPnd Refurn puiod adopted n
Risk ob tlood Ps allowed deign os bridge ony S.

Nle: Risk
-
loo

P l0.4S

T= Sooeay

) Fnd Rick and Relabluty hor hydra atic &trut ures kor lu hi Ch
6<pectcd Lig e 25 yeas fs deigned tor a flood hoinq
Reken Priod 0( to0 yes =T
Rsk l- (I-P) |-(1 O.22 2
|-o 2?2
 depth Vol 2Cm
Sol -
Atea
DhrDRH Box60rGot200
Vot o6 runott l,

ind depty
A 2okm 2
a tb

Vol =
(2htS a
qonsc depthO Run 6 66 5 1664x I0²/ 20x l0G
S83Cm
6ohtS

Produrrg
De= 2.64c Cm
t- 3ho ar
Find
30 36
2
6
Time G
24 2
30
lo dinat
of FH
Basebl ow

Ordinates Ot DRH (2 24
2
Eo:)x (at)
time is game
E0;4 t T6
(t
Vol ob leeno x Gx 360c
Area under DRH
(OtI2+ 2 4t(8tGt 2 t)
I3342 X(on3

2
Vol
depth ot A
Av ea

au
A=30bkme Ex ces Rai nb
CRuno 66)

vo = Avea undee hydtograh

+ , C1o} q0) *ro + , t9ot uo)x2o

lo 20 30 So

Rainb u eNCes (2.06 X(o°/ 300X[0G

 otdinatey C FH - Base low
06 DRH
ordinot ordinat e os DRH
Ordinat es c, UH -
Pundtt depth

2 36 6O 46
3) 21 2
67-5 (o 2.25 11
Gh FH l2
|2

36
Ordinate
peak .
DRH DRH ldeptt.= FH
Ordinaty
O6 FH
g0-5)(
GH UH o tme O% bccuyanee
Sof Pind Peak ordinase

Runo depih VOI

s22 iven
304

index ’ 2h Storm O& CmlhY

Preipltation s2cm.
B ase (ow
max disha ge
Find

2
qivcn Time
I2 6
((s

2hr DeH peak

39
(Base Pocw)
,9 m s,

6
 Floed veQurney anatyr
the Ov&h Cal probablity mth. oc Gurnbel lchoo rneboef
KProble^ On
mar tood - Pon P +tro

Xr Peat dischar9e
hydrotog i cal data
mean Vau O6
Standara devia Ho
o-
tautor
() devioign
K stonda d
Sh Ye cleeeeol
Vericte
YT Reduced
mean
Sn =(2&2S

bay man s0on3/e and. Gbembel method

SetvCe years cusing
moGnitude 06
Compt the
Anlo ( )
kr = yr-yo oyea
Sn

= 2.S9 2 3.902

|"2 82T

:s92 XsO
XT= 3 00 + 2
Cioo, Severe fombination
hydrotcg tcal fattoss
andar project mettrol9g cal t
ae com bioaton

probable max flood

SPF 4o-60/ PME

Structure
SPllJay o ( 6oMm3)
mediumehgh dam SPF
mar o Rtu Cn oo
minor donns (< 60Mm) (00 ycad
period.
Return 6tood peri'od
wcirs
 Flood RoOTINQ

Flood fouhng ’ ued to 9necate- flood hydiograph

Doorstreom cing Plood hydtog taph on up stram

AHtouai on dit6 ererce io pak ischarge

desease in peat dischotge in Out6ow
cOrt inblow hydrograp h,
hydrograpr
ttn,
Outflouw pae coill take

Types O7 Ftood t outing

bor design cap a thy o6 spillaga ys.
uied
(> Reervoit Routin g’
fsom a Resesvois
is ClnCont rolled (Or)
ohen Otbtocu
then
frely opentd spiliwy is pregent
Glow hydrogcaph ol oCtus at
- The peate o6 Out hyd rogo ap
Inblow and os BLow
Pri ts see tHon 06

and management.
Plood Porecoarting
2) Chanhel Routing -’

ot Ftood Doutnq 2) Hydrautic kouting

Disnibut butt l
tnethod
Ro uting
g
) Hyd1otogical lkum ped Routin ( ) Conple
) Simplt
Qeutlte.

I-Q: du
() e
kK continuiy - continu hy and
St enant ; )
unstecdy tow
3 Muskinghom method
metho
(hannl
Douting ond hydronnnuty
Obi alned Prom l/F hydrograph
bot,
funchos botn tntlow and OutGow
Storage Ts

Storage s Sprit, m+ Sowcdgo.

Gmagisalae.
Channd bed
natq
k [xI"+ (-x)8 1
Slorage S- ngn
and
dimesion = ht | see
Cost
stoage Hme
(0-0s)
natiral
Chahn
0 to oS tor
Here Storage dypend
Lineas S torage ’
then

for naura Channl

channe
m O6 for a tific a

4-8 = 4s
Hese tlod routing. and ka.
be bln
’ 4 t Shoud

Continuly 29n
Git2)
2

Eo t c Tp-) t (2 n-)
Co
~k
Co =

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Co t C t C 2 |
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3
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m ttJ -,o (9
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 l

CONSTRU{TION (Y)!INflGEfYJENT
v

r.,,,

~ I

~ I
• ( O {\I ~1 () UC1 I ON 1'r1 (\NA qt 1--H, f\JT
~ ---===== ---
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1 pvoj tC ~
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