Scribd
Upload
16 views9 pages

Examples Chapter 8

The document presents several theorems related to parallelograms, including that a diagonal divides a parallelogram into two congruent triangles, opposite sides and angles are equal, and that the diagonals bisect each other. It also includes examples demonstrating properties of rectangles and rhombuses, as well as proving that certain quadrilaterals are parallelograms. Overall, it provides a comprehensive overview of the properties and characteristics of parallelograms and related shapes.

Uploaded by

paytm8586
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
16 views9 pages

Examples Chapter 8

The document presents several theorems related to parallelograms, including that a diagonal divides a parallelogram into two congruent triangles, opposite sides and angles are equal, and that the diagonals bisect each other. It also includes examples demonstrating properties of rectangles and rhombuses, as well as proving that certain quadrilaterals are parallelograms. Overall, it provides a comprehensive overview of the properties and characteristics of parallelograms and related shapes.

Uploaded by

paytm8586
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

Theorem 8.

1 : A diagonal of a parallelogram divides it


into two congruent triangles.
Given: Consider ||gm ABCD and AC be a diagonal

To prove: ∆ ABC ≅ ∆CDA

Proof: In ||gm ABCD,


AD‖ BC , AC is a transversal

⸫ ∠BCA =∠DAC (Pair of alternate angles)…(i)

And, AB || DC and AC is a transversal.

⸫ ∠BAC = ∠DCA (Pair of alternate angles)…(ii)

Now, In ∆ BCA∧∆ DAC

∠BCA =∠DAC [from (i) ]

∠BAC = ∠DCA [from(ii)]

CA=AC ( common)
⸫ ∆ BCA ≅ ∆ DAC (ASA congruence rule)

Hence ,diagonal divide the ||gm ABCD into two congruent triangle.
Hence proved …
Theorem 8.2 : In a parallelogram, opposite sides are equal.

Theorem 8.3 : If each pair of opposite sides of a


quadrilateral is equal, then it is a parallelogram.
Theorem 8.4 : In a parallelogram, opposite angles are equal

Theorem 8.5 : If in a quadrilateral, each pair of


opposite angles is equal, then it is a
parallelogram.
Theorem 8.6 : The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each
other
Theorem 8.7 : If the diagonals of a quadrilateral bisect each
other, then it is a parallelogram.
Example 1 : Show that each angle of a rectangle is a right angle.
Solution : Let us recall what a rectangle is.
A rectangle is a parallelogram in which one angle is right angle.

Given: Let ABCD is rectangle in which ∠A =90°

To show: ∠B=∠C=∠D =90°

∠ A + ∠ B = 180° (Interior angles on the same side of


the transversal)

But, ∠ A = 90°

So, ∠ B = 180° – ∠ A = 180° – 90° = 90°

Now, ∠ C = ∠ A and ∠ D = ∠ B (Opposite angles of the ‖gm)

So, ∠ C = 90° and ∠ D = 90°


Example 2 : Show that the diagonals of a rhombus are perpendicular to each
other.

Solution: Let ABCD is rhombus and AC and BD area diagonal intersect at O.

Now, in ∆ AOD and ∆ COD

OA = OC (Diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other)

OD = OD (Common)

AD = CD (sides of rhombus are equals)

⸫∆ AOD ≅ ∆ COD (SSS congruence rule)

∠ AOD = ∠ COD (CPCT)

But, ∠ AOD + ∠ COD = 180° (Linear pair)

So, 2∠ AOD = 180° or, ∠ AOD = 90°

So, the diagonals of a rhombus are perpendicular to each other.


Example 3 : ABC is an isosceles triangle in which AB = AC. AD bisects exterior

angle PAC and CD || AB .Show that (i) ∠ DAC = ∠ BCA (ii) ABCD is a
parallelogram.

Solution:

(i) ∆ ABC is isosceles in which AB = AC ……(Given)

So, ∠ ABC = ∠ ACB ………….(Angles opposite to equal sides)

Also, ∠ PAC = ∠ ABC + ∠ ACB …..(Exterior angle of a triangle)

or, ∠ PAC = 2∠ ACB ………. (1)

Now, AD bisects ∠ PAC.

So, ∠ PAC = 2∠ DAC ……… .(2)

⸫ 2∠ DAC = 2∠ ACB …..[From (1) and (2)]

(ii) Now, ∠ DAC =∠ ACB pair of alternate angles when line segments BC and AD
are intersected by a transversal AC.

So, BC || AD

Also, BA || CD ………..(Given)

Now, both pairs of opposite sides of quadrilateral ABCD are parallel.

So, ABCD is a parallelogram.


Example 4 : Two parallel lines l and m are
intersected by a transversal p Show that the
quadrilateral formed by the bisectors of interior
angles is a rectangle.
Solution:
Given:

points A and C respectively. The bisectors of ∠


PS || QR and transversal p intersects them at

PAC and ∠ ACQ intersect at B and bisectors of


∠ ACR and ∠ SAC intersect at D

To show:
quadrilateral ABCD is a rectangle.
Now, ∠ PAC = ∠ ACR ….(Alternate angles as l || m and p is a
transversal)

So, ½ ∠ PAC = ½ ∠ ACR i.e., ∠ BAC = ∠ ACD

But, its Alternate angles for AB and DC and AC is a transversal


So, AB || DC

Similarly, BC || AD …..(Considering ∠ ACB and ∠ CAD)

⸫ quadrilateral ABCD is a parallelogram.

So, ½ ∠ PAC + ½ ∠CAS = ½ × 180° = 90°


Also, ∠ PAC + ∠ CAS = 180° (Linear pair)

or, ∠BAC + ∠CAD = 90°


or, ∠ BAD = 90°
So, ABCD is a parallelogram in which one angle is 90°.
⸫ ABCD is a rectangle.

You might also like