AECC-1(BASIC COMPUTER SKILLS)

Unit-1
1) What is a computer? Explain the basic applications of computers?
2) Explain Input and Output devices.
3) Define operating system and types of operating system?
4) What is Word processing in Ms-word? List the features of Ms-word 2007.
5) Explain the components of Ms-word window?

Unit-2
6) Define Spread sheet? Write about copying or moving cells/Range in Excel.
7) Explain how a power point presentation is created.
8) Define the term network? What are the different types of networks?
9) Define Internet? Also,explain its applications.
10) Explain the concept of E-mail.What are the advanatages and disadvantages of E-mail?

1.) What is a Computer? Explain the basic applications of computers?

A computer is an electronic device that accepts data from the user, processes it, produces
results, displays them to the users, and stores the results for future usage.
Data is a collection of unorganized facts & figures and does not provide any further information
regarding patterns, context, etc. Hence data means "unstructured facts and figures".
Information is a structured data i.e. organized meaningful and processed data. To process the
data and convert into information, a computer is used.

Basic applications of computers

Computers play a role in every field of life. They are used in homes, business, educational
institutions, research organizations, medical field, government offices, entertainment, etc.

• Home

Computers are used at homes for several purposes like online bill payment, watching
movies or shows at home, home tutoring, social media access, playing games, internet
access, etc. They provide communication through electronic mail. They help to avail
work from home facility for corporate employees. Computers help the student
community to avail online educational support.

• Medical Field

Computers are used in hospitals to maintain a database of patients’ history, diagnosis, X-

rays, live monitoring of patients, etc..
• Entertainment

Computers help to watch movies online, play games online; act as a virtual entertainer in
playing games, listening to music, etc. Videos can be fed from computers to full screen
televisions. Photo editors are available with fabulous features.

• Industry

Computers are used to perform several tasks in industries like managing inventory,
designing purpose, creating virtual sample products, interior designing, video
conferencing, etc. Online marketing has seen a great revolution in its ability to sell
various products to inaccessible corners like interior or rural areas.

• Education

Computers are used in education sector through online classes, online examinations,
referring e-books, online tutoring, etc. They help in increased use of audio-visual aids in
the education field.

• Government

In government sectors, computers are used in data processing, maintaining a database of

citizens and supporting a paperless environment. The country’s defense organizations
have greatly benefitted from computers in their use for missile development, satellites,
rocket launches, etc.

• Banking

In the banking sector, computers are used to store details of customers and conduct
transactions, such as withdrawal and deposit of money through ATMs. Banks have
reduced manual errors and expenses to a great extent through extensive use of
computers.

• Business

Nowadays, computers are totally integrated into business. The main objective of business
is transaction processing, which involves transactions with suppliers, employees or
customers. Computers can make these transactions easy and accurate.

• Training

Many organizations use computer-based training to train their employees, to save money
and improve performance. Video conferencing through computers allows saving of time
and travelling costs by being able to connect people in various locations.

• Arts
 Computers are extensively used in dance, photography, arts and culture. The fluid
movement of dance can be shown live via animation. Photos can be digitized using
computers.

• Science and Engineering

Computers with high performance are used to stimulate dynamic process in Science and
Engineering. Supercomputers have numerous applications in area of Research and
Development (R&D). Topographic images can be created through computers. Scientists
use computers to plot and analyze data to have a better understanding of earthquakes.
2.)Explain Input and Output devices.
(a)Input Devices:

Input device enables the user to send data, information, or control signals to a computer. The
Central Processing Unit (CPU) of a computer receives the input and processes it to produce
the output.

Some of the popular input devices are:

1. Keyboard
2. Mouse
3. Scanner
4. Joystick
5. Light Pen
6. Digitizer
7. Microphone
8. Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR)
9. Optical Character Reader (OCR)

1) Keyboard

The keyboard is a basic input device that is used to enter data into a computer or any other
electronic device by pressing keys. It has different sets of keys for letters, numbers, characters,
and functions. Keyboards are connected to a computer through USB or a Bluetooth device for
wireless communication.

2) Mouse

The mouse is a hand-held input device which is used to move cursor or pointer across the screen.
It is designed to be used on a flat surface and generally has left and right button and a scroll
wheel between them. Laptop computers come with a touchpad that works as a mouse. It lets you
control the movement of cursor or pointer by moving your finger over the touchpad. Some
mouse comes with integrated features such as extra buttons to perform different buttons.
3) Scanner

The scanner uses the pictures and pages of text as input. It scans the picture or a document. The
scanned picture or document then converted into a digital format or file and is displayed on the
screen as an output. It uses optical character recognition techniques to convert images into digital
ones.

4) Joystick:A joystick is also a pointing input device like a mouse. It is made up of a stick with a
spherical base. The base is fitted in a socket that allows free movement of the stick. The
movement of stick controls the cursor or pointer on the screen.

5) Light Pen

A light pen is a computer input device that looks like a pen. The tip of the light pen contains a
light-sensitive detector that enables the user to point to or select objects on the display screen. Its
light sensitive tip detects the object location and sends the corresponding signals to the CPU. It is
not compatible with LCD screens, so it is not in use today.

6) Digitizer

Digitizer is a computer input device that has a flat surface and usually comes with a stylus. It
enables the user to draw images and graphics using the stylus as we draw on paper with a pencil.
The images or graphics drawn on the digitizer appear on the computer monitor or display screen.
The software converts the touch inputs into lines and can also convert handwritten text to
typewritten words.

7) Microphone: The microphone is a computer input device that is used to input the sound. It
receives the sound vibrations and converts them into audio signals or sends to a recording
medium. The audio signals are converted into digital data and stored in the computer. The
microphone also enables the user to telecommunicate with others.

8) Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR): MICR computer input device is designed to
read the text printed with magnetic ink. MICR is a character recognition technology that makes
use of special magnetized ink which is sensitive to magnetic fields. It is widely used in banks to
process the cheques and other organizations where security is a major concern.

9) Optical Character Reader (OCR):

OCR computer input device is designed to convert the scanned images of handwritten, typed or
printed text into digital text. It is widely used in offices and libraries to convert documents and
books into electronic files.

(b)Output devices:

Following are some of the important output devices used in a computer.

 o Monitors
o Graphic Plotter
o Printer

(i)Monitors

Monitors, commonly called as Visual Display Unit (VDU), are the main output device of a
computer. It forms images from tiny dots, called pixels that are arranged in a rectangular form.
The sharpness of the image depends upon the number of pixels.
There are two kinds of viewing screen used for monitors.

• Cathode-Ray Tube (CRT)

• Flat-Panel Display
Cathode-Ray Tube (CRT) Monitor
The CRT display is made up of small picture elements called pixels. The smaller the pixels, the
better the image clarity or resolution. It takes more than one illuminated pixel to form a whole
character, such as the letter ‘e’ in the word help.
Flat-Panel Display Monitor
The flat-panel display refers to a class of video devices that have reduced volume, weight and
power requirement in comparison to the CRT. You can hang them on walls or wear them on
your wrists. Current uses of flat-panel displays include calculators, video games, monitors,
laptop computer, and graphics display.
The flat-panel display is divided into two categories −
• Emissive Displays − Emissive displays are devices that convert electrical energy into
light. For example, plasma panel and LED (Light-Emitting Diodes).
• Non-Emissive Displays − Non-emissive displays use optical effects to convert sunlight
or light from some other source into graphics patterns. For example, LCD (Liquid-
Crystal Device).

(ii)Printers

Printer is an output device, which is used to print information on paper.

There are two types of printers −

• Impact Printers
• Non-Impact Printers
Impact Printers
Impact printers print the characters by striking them on the ribbon, which is then pressed on the
paper.
These printers are of two types −

• Character printers
• Line printers

Character Printers
Character printers are the printers which print one character at a time.
These are further divided into two types:

a) Dot Matrix Printer

b) Daisy Wheel
a) Dot Matrix Printer
In the market, one of the most popular printers is Dot Matrix Printer. These printers are popular
because of their ease of printing and economical price. Each character printed is in the form of
pattern of dots and head consists of a Matrix of Pins of size (5*7, 7*9, 9*7 or 9*9) which come
out to form a character which is why it is called Dot Matrix Printer.
b) Daisy Wheel
Head is lying on a wheel and pins corresponding to characters are like petals of Daisy (flower)
which is why it is called Daisy Wheel Printer. These printers are generally used for word-
processing in offices that require a few letters to be sent here and there with very nice quality.
Line Printers
Line printers are the printers which print one line at a time.
These are of two types −

• Drum Printer
• Chain Printer
a) Drum Printer
This printer is like a drum in shape hence it is called drum printer. The surface of the drum is
divided into a number of tracks. Total tracks are equal to the size of the paper, i.e. for a paper
width of 132 characters, drum will have 132 tracks. A character set is embossed on the track..
Drum printers are fast in speed and can print 300 to 2000 lines per minute.
b) Chain Printer
In this printer, a chain of character sets is used, hence it is called Chain Printer. A standard
character set may have 48, 64, or 96 characters.
Non-impact Printers
Non-impact printers print the characters without using the ribbon. These printers print a
complete page at a time, thus they are also called as Page Printers.
These printers are of two types −

• Laser Printers
• Inkjet Printers
a) Laser Printers
These are non-impact page printers. They use laser lights to produce the dots needed to form the
characters to be printed on a page.
b) Inkjet Printers
Inkjet printers are non-impact character printers based on a relatively new technology. They
print characters by spraying small drops of ink onto paper. Inkjet printers produce high quality
output with presentable features.

3) Define Operating System and its types ?

An operating system is a type of software without which you cannot operate or run a computer. It
acts as an intermediary or translation system between computer hardware and application
programs
An Operating System performs all the basic tasks like managing files, processes, and memory.
Thus operating system acts as the manager of all the resources, i.e. resource manager. Thus,
the operating system becomes an interface between user and machine.
Types of Operating Systems: Some widely used operating systems are as follows-

1. Batch Operating System –

This type of operating system does not interact with the computer directly. There is an operator
which takes similar jobs having the same requirement and group them into batches. It is the
responsibility of the operator to sort jobs with similar needs.

2. Time-Sharing Operating Systems –

Each task is given some time to execute so that all the tasks work smoothly. Each user gets the
time of CPU as they use a single system. These systems are also known as Multitasking
Systems. The task can be from a single user or different users also. The time that each task gets
to execute is called quantum. After this time interval is over OS switches over to the next task.

3. Distributed Operating System –

These types of the operating system is a recent advancement in the world of computer
technology and are being widely accepted all over the world and, that too, with a great pace.
Various autonomous interconnected computers communicate with each other using a shared
communication network. Independent systems possess their own memory unit and CPU.

4) Multitasking

Multitasking is when multiple jobs are executed by the CPU simultaneously by switching
between them. Switches occur so frequently that the users may interact with each program
while it is running. An OS does the following activities related to multitasking −
• The user gives instructions to the operating system or to a program directly, and receives
an immediate response.
• The OS handles multitasking in the way that it can handle multiple operations/executes
multiple programs at a time.
 • Multitasking Operating Systems are also known as Time-sharing systems.
• These Operating Systems were developed to provide interactive use of a computer
system at a reasonable cost.
• A time-shared operating system uses the concept of CPU scheduling and
multiprogramming to provide each user with a small portion of a time-shared CPU.
• Each user has at least one separate program in memory.

5) Multiprogramming

Sharing the processor, when two or more programs reside in memory at the same time, is
referred as multiprogramming. Multiprogramming assumes a single shared processor.
Multiprogramming increases CPU utilization by organizing jobs so that the CPU always has
one to execute.
The following figure shows the memory layout for a multiprogramming system.

An OS does the following activities related to multiprogramming.

• The operating system keeps several jobs in memory at a time.
• This set of jobs is a subset of the jobs kept in the job pool.
• The operating system picks and begins to execute one of the jobs in the memory.
• Multiprogramming operating systems monitor the state of all active programs and system
resources using memory management programs to ensures that the CPU is never idle,
unless there are no jobs to process.

4) What is Word processing in Ms-Word? List the features of Ms-Word 2007.

MS-Word is a word processor developed by Microsoft. It has advanced features which allow you
to format and edit your files and documents in the best possible way.

Features of MS-Word
Now let us read more about the features and components of an MS Word doc file in detail.
The image given below shows the different elements and categories which are available in MS
Word doc:
 • Home
This has options like font colour, font size, font style, alignment, bullets, line spacing, etc. All
the basic elements which one may need to edit their document is available under the Home
option

• Insert
Tables, shapes, images, charts, graphs, header, footer, page number, etc. can all be entered in the
document. They are included in the “Insert” category.

• Design
The template or the design in which you want your document to be created can be selected under
the Design tab. Choosing an appropriate tab will enhance the appearance of your document.

• Page Layout
Under the Page Layout tab comes options like margins, orientation, columns, lines, indentation,
spacing, etc.

• References
This tab is the most useful for those who are creating a thesis or writing books or lengthy
documents. Options like citation, footnote, table of contents, caption, bibliography, etc. can be
found under this tab.

• Review
Spell check, grammar, Thesaurus, word count, language, translation, comments, etc. can all be
tracked under the review tab. This acts as an advantage for those who get their documents
reviewed on MS Word.

5) Explain the components of Ms-Word Window?

Components of the Word Window

Besides the usual PC window components (close box, title bar, scroll bars, etc.), a Word window
has other elements
Menu Bar Contains File, Edit, View, Insert, Format, Tools, Table, Window and Help menus

Standard Contains icons for shortcuts to menu commands.

Toolbar:

Formatting Contains pop-up menus for style, font, and font size; icons for boldface, italic, and
Tool Bar: underline; alignment icons; number and bullet list icons; indention icons, the border icon,
highlight, and font color icons.

Ruler: Ruler on which you can set tabs, paragraph alignment, and other formats.

Insertion Blinking vertical bar that indicates where text you type will be inserted. Don’t confuse
Point: the insertion point with the mouse I-beam. To move the insertion point, just click the
mouse where you want the point moved.

Selection Bar Invisible narrow strip along the left edge of the window. Your mouse pointer changes to
(Gutter): a right-pointing arrow when it is in this area. It is used to select a line, a paragraph, or the
entire document.

Split Handle: Double-click to split the window in two (to view different portions of the same file).
Double-click to return to one window

Status Bar: Displays page number, section number, and total number of pages, pointer position on
page and time of day.

Task Pane: Displays and groups commonly used features for convenience.

Office An animated character that can provide help and suggestions. There are multiple
Assistant: characters to choose from, and it is possible to turn the Office Assistant off.

Unit-2

6) Define Spread sheet? Write about copying or moving cells/Range in Excel

A spreadsheet is a file that exists of cells in rows and columns and can help arrange, calculate
and sort data. Data in a spreadsheet can be numeric values, as well as text, formulas, references
and functions.
Cut, Copy, and Paste defined:

Cut, Copy, and Paste are useful operations in Excel XP. You can quickly copy and/or cut
information in cells and paste them into other cells. These operations save you from having to
type and retype the same information.

The Cut, Copy, and Paste buttons are located on the Standard toolbar.

The Cut, Copy, and Paste operations also appear as choices in the Edit menu.

The Cut, Copy, and Paste operations can also be performed using shortcut keys.

Cut Ctrl+X
Copy Ctrl+C
Paste Ctrl+V

Copying and pasting cell contents:

The Copy feature allows you to copy selected information from the spreadsheet and temporarily
place it on the Clipboard, which is a temporary storage file in your computer's memory.
The Paste feature allows you to select any of the collected items on the Clipboard and paste it in
a cell of the same or different spreadsheet.

To copy and paste:

• Select a cell or cells to be duplicated.
 • Click the Copy button on the Standard toolbar.
• The border of the copied cell(s) takes on the appearance of marching ants.

• Click the cell where you want to place the duplicated information. The cell will
be highlighted. If you are copying contents into more than one cell, click
the first cell where you want to place the duplicated information.

• Press the Enter key. Your information is copied to the new location.

Cutting and pasting cell contents:

The Cut feature allows you to remove information from cells in the spreadsheet. Information
that is cut can be pasted in another cell, as long as the pasting occurs before you perform another
operation. If you don't paste the cut information immediately, it is removed from the Office
clipboard.
To cut and paste,
• Select a cell or cells to be cut.

• Click the Cut button on the Standard toolbar.

• The information in the cell is deleted.
• The border of the cut cell(s) take on the appearance of marching ants.
• Click the cell where you want to place the duplicated information. The cell will
be highlighted. If you are copying contents into more than one cell, click
the first cell where you want to place the duplicated information.

• Press the Enter key. Your information is pasted to the new location.

Moving information using the drag-and-drop method:

Another way to move information from one cell to another is to use the drag-and-drop method.
You use the cursor to point to the information to be moved and then drag the cell to its new
locationTo use drag and drop:
• Highlight and select the cell(s) you want to move to a new location.
• Position the mouse pointer near one of the outside edges of the selected cell(s).
The mouse pointer changes from a large white cross into a slender black cross
with arrows at all ends.
 • Keep the mouse pointer on the outer edge of the selected cell, click and hold the
left mouse button, and drag the cell(s) to a new location.

• Release the mouse button to move the information to its new location.
• Challenge!
• Type the words cut in cell A1, copy in cell B1, and paste in cell C1.
• Highlight a cell range to include cell A1 and cell B1.
• Move the cell range to cell D1 and cell E1.
• Cut the information in cell E1 (it should be the word copy).
• Paste the cut information in cell A1.
• Copy the contents of cell A1 (it should be the word copy).
• Paste the copied information in cell F1.

7) Explain how a Powerpoint presentation is created?

PowerPoint:

Microsoft PowerPoint is a software program developed by Microsoft to produce effective

presentations. It is a part of Microsoft Office suite. The program comprises slides and various
tools like word processing, drawing, graphing and outlining. Thus it can display text, table, chart,
graphics and media in the slides.

Microsoft Office Button:

Microsoft Office Button is located on the upper-left corner of the PowerPoint window.When you
click the button it displays a menu with multiple options to perform different tasks.

New: To create a new presentation

Open: To open an existing presentation

Save: To save changes made in the open presentation

Save As: To save the presentation with a specific name to a preferred location in the computer
Print: To print the hard copy of the open presentation

Prepare: To prepare the presentation for distribution

Send: To send the copy of the presentation to others

Publish: To distribute the presentation to others

Close: To close the open presentation

8) Define the term Network? What are the different types of Networks?

A computer network is a group of computers linked to each other that enables the computer to
communicate with another computer and share their resources, data, and applications.

a) LAN(Local Area Network)

b) MAN(Metropolitan Area Network)
c) WAN(Wide Area Network)

(a)LAN (Local Area Network):

o Local Area Network is a group of computers connected to each other in a small area
such as building, office.
o LAN is used for connecting two or more personal computers through a
communication medium such as twisted pair, coaxial cable, etc.
o It is less costly as it is built with inexpensive hardware such as hubs, network adapters,
and ethernet cables.
o The data is transferred at an extremely faster rate in Local Area Network.
o Local Area Network provides higher security.
(b) MAN (Metropolitan Area Network):

o A metropolitan area network is a network that covers a larger geographic area by

interconnecting a different LAN to form a larger network.
o Government agencies use MAN to connect to the citizens and private industries.
o In MAN, various LANs are connected to each other through a telephone exchange
line.
o It has a higher range than Local Area Network(LAN).

Uses of Metropolitan Area Network:

o MAN is used in communication between the banks in a city.
o It can be used in an Airline Reservation.
o It can be used in a college within a city.
o It can also be used for communication in the military.

(c)WAN (Wide Area Network):

 o A Wide Area Network is a network that extends over a large geographical area such as
states or countries.
o A Wide Area Network is quite bigger network than the LAN.
o A Wide Area Network is not limited to a single location, but it spans over a large
geographical area through a telephone line, fibre optic cable or satellite links.
o The internet is one of the biggest WAN in the world.
o A Wide Area Network is widely used in the field of Business, government, and
education.

Examples of Wide Area Network:

o Mobile Broadband: A 4G network is widely used across a region or country.
o Last mile: A telecom company is used to provide the internet services to the
customers in hundreds of cities by connecting their home with fiber.
o Private network: A bank provides a private network that connects the 44 offices.
This network is made by using the telephone leased line provided by the telecom
company.

Advantages of Wide Area Network:

Following are the advantages of the Wide Area Network:

o Geographical area: A Wide Area Network provides a large geographical area.

Suppose if the branch of our office is in a different city then we can connect with them
 through WAN. The internet provides a leased line through which we can connect with
another branch.
o Centralized data: In case of WAN network, data is centralized. Therefore, we do not
need to buy the emails, files or back up servers.
o Get updated files: Software companies work on the live server. Therefore, the
programmers get the updated files within seconds.
o Exchange messages: In a WAN network, messages are transmitted fast. The web
application like Facebook, Whatsapp, Skype allows you to communicate with friends.
o Sharing of software and resources: In WAN network, we can share the software and
other resources like a hard drive, RAM.
o Global business: We can do the business over the internet globally.
o High bandwidth: If we use the leased lines for our company then this gives the high
bandwidth. The high bandwidth increases the data transfer rate which in turn increases
the productivity of our company.

Disadvantages of Wide Area Network:

The following are the disadvantages of the Wide Area Network:

o Security issue: A WAN network has more security issues as compared to LAN and
MAN network as all the technologies are combined together that creates the security
problem.
o Needs Firewall & antivirus software: The data is transferred on the internet which
can be changed or hacked by the hackers, so the firewall needs to be used. Some
people can inject the virus in our system so antivirus is needed to protect from such a
virus.
o High Setup cost: An installation cost of the WAN network is high as it involves the
purchasing of routers, switches.
o Troubleshooting problems: It covers a large area so fixing the problem is difficult.

9) Define Internet? Also explain its applications?

Internet is a global network that connects billions of computers across the world with each other
and to the World Wide Web. It uses standard internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to connect billions
of computer users worldwide. It is set up by using cables such as optical fibers and other wireless
and networking technologies. At present, internet is the fastest mean of sending or exchanging
information and data between computers across the world.

Advantages of the Internet:

o Instant Messaging: You can send messages or communicate to anyone using internet, such
as email, voice chat, video conferencing, etc.
o Get directions: Using GPS technology, you can get directions to almost every place in a
city, country, etc. You can find restaurants, malls, or any other service near your location.
o Online Shopping: It allows you to shop online such as you can be clothes, shoes, book
movie tickets, railway tickets, flight tickets, and more.
o Pay Bills: You can pay your bills online, such as electricity bills, gas bills, college fees, etc.
o Online Banking: It allows you to use internet banking in which you can check your balance,
receive or transfer money, get a statement, request cheque-book, etc.
o Online Selling: You can sell your products or services online. It helps you reach more
customers and thus increases your sales and profit.
o Work from Home: In case you need to work from home, you can do it using a system with
internet access. Today, many companies allow their employees to work from home.
o Entertainment: You can listen to online music, watch videos or movies, play online games.
o Cloud computing: It enables you to connect your computers and internet-enabled devices to
cloud services such as cloud storage, cloud computing, etc.
o Career building: You can search for jobs online on different job portals and send you CV
through email if required.

10) Explain the concept of E-mail? What are the advantages and disadvantages of E-mail?

E-mail: E-mail is defined as the transmission of messages on the Internet. It is one of the most
commonly used features over communications networks that may contain text, files, images, or
other attachments. Generally, it is information that is stored on a computer sent through a
network to a specified individual or group of individuals.

Advantages of Email

There are many advantages of email, which are as follows:

 o Cost-effective: Email is a very cost-effective service to communicate with others as there
are several email services available to individuals and organizations for free of cost. Once
a user is online, it does not include any additional charge for the services.
o Email offers users the benefit of accessing email from anywhere at any time if they have
an Internet connection.
o Email offers you an incurable communication process, which enables you to send a
response at a convenient time. Also, it offers users a better option to communicate easily
regardless of different schedules users.
o Speed and simplicity: Email can be composed very easily with the correct information
and contacts. Also, minimum lag time, it can be exchanged quickly.
o Mass sending: You can send a message easily to large numbers of people through email.
o Email exchanges can be saved for future retrieval, which allows users to keep important
conversations or confirmations in their records and can be searched and retrieved when
they needed quickly.
o Email provides a simple user interface and enables users to categorize and filter their
messages. This can help you recognize unwanted emails like junk and spam mail. Also,
users can find specific messages easily when they are needed.
o As compared to traditional posts, emails are delivered extremely fast.
o Email is beneficial for the planet, as it is paperless. It reduces the cost of paper and helps
to save the environment by reducing paper usage.

Disadvantages of Email

o Malicious Use: As email can be sent by anyone if they have an only email address.
Sometimes, an unauthorized person can send you mail, which can be harmful in terms of
stealing your personal information. Thus, they can also use email to spread gossip or false
information.
o Accidents Will Happen: With email, you can make fatal mistakes by clicking the wrong
button in a hurry. For instance, instead of sending it to a single person, you can
accidentally send sensitive information to a large group of people. Thus, the information
can be disclosed, when you have clicked the wrong name in an address list. Therefore, it
can be harmful and generate big trouble in the workplace.
o Spam: Although in recent days, the features of email have been improved, there are still
big issues with unsolicited advertising arriving and spam through email. It can easily
become overwhelming and takes time and energy to control.
o Viruses: Although there are many ways to travel viruses in the devices, email is one of
the common ways to enter viruses and infect devices. Sometimes when you get a mail, it
might be the virus come with an attached document. And, the virus can infect the system
when you click on the email and open the attached link. Furthermore, an anonymous
person or a trusted friend or contact can send infected emails.
o Insecure: There are many hackers available that want to gain your important
information, so email is a common source to seek sensitive data, such as political,
financial, documents, or personal messages. In recent times, there have various high-
profile cases occurred that shown how email is insecure about information theft.