2595532 0078bqL 660

UL698

ADOPTION NOTICE
UL698, "Industrial Control Equipment for Use in Hazardous
(Classified) Location," was adopted on October 3, 1994 for
use by the Department of Defense (DoD). Proposed changes by
DoD activities must be submitted to the DoD Adopting
Activity: Commanding Officer, Naval Construction Battalion
Center, Code 156, 1000 23rd Avenue, Port Hueneme, CA 93043-
4301. DoD activities may obtain copies of this standard
from the Standardization Document Order Desk, 700 Robbins
Avenue, Building 4D, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094. The
private sector and other Government agencies may purchase
copies from the Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., 333
Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL 60062.

Custodians: Adopting Activity

Army - GL Navy - YD-1
Navy - YD-1
Air Force - 04

AREA FACR
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release;
distribution is unlimited.
 UL 698
ISBN 1-55989-876-3

Industrial Control Equipment for

Use in Hazardous (Classified)
Locations
March 15,1999 - UL 698 trl

Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL)

333 Pfingsten Road
Northbrook. IL 60062-2096

UL Standard for Safety

for
Industrial Control Equipment for Use in Hazardous (Classified) Locations, UL 698

Twelfth Edition, Dated June 22, 1995

Revisions: This Standard contains revisions through and including March 15, 1999. UL is in the process of converting
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A change is indicated by a note following the affected item. The note is preceded and followed by an asterisk.

The revisions dated March 15, 1999 include a reprinted title page (page 1) for this Standard.

As indicated on the title page (page I ) , this UL Standard for Safety is an American National Standard. Attention is
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tr2 March 15,1999 - UL 698

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The requirements in this Standard are now in effect, except for those paragraphs, sections, tables, figures, and/or other
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are preceded by a ”SUPERSEDED REQUIREMENTS” notice.

New product submittals made prior to a specified future effective date will be judged under all of the requirements in
this Standard including those requirements with a specified future effective date, unless the applicant specifically
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be noted that compliance with all the requirements in this Standard will be required as a condition of continued Listing,
Recognition, Classification,and Follow-Up Services after the effective date, and understanding of this should be signified
in writing.

Copyright 1999 Underwriters Laboratories Inc.

March 15. 1999 .UL 698 tr3

This Standard consists of pages dated as shown in the following checklist:

Page Date

trl-tr4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . March 15. I999

1 ......................................................... June 22. 1995 (Reprinted: March 15. 1999)
2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . March25. 1996
3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . July12. 1996
4. 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . March25. 1996
6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . March15. 1999
7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . July12. 1996
8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June22. 1995
9.10.10A. 10B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . July12. 1996
11-16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June22. 1995
17. 18. 18A. 18B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . March 15. 1999
19.20.20A. 20B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . March25. 1996
21-29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June22. 1995
30.30A. 30B. 31.32.32A. 32B. 33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . March 25. 1996
34. 35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June22. 1995
36 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . December23. 1996
37-41 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June22. 1995
42. 43 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . March15. 1999
44-49 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June22. 1995
50.50A. 50B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . July12. 1996
51-54 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June22. 1995
SAI-SA3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . March25. 1996
SA4. SA5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June22. 1995
SA6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . March25. 1996
SA7. SA8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June22. 1995
tr4 March 15,1999 - UL 698

No Text on This Page

 LAmerican National Standard

JUNE 22,1995 ANSIIUL 698-1996

(Title Page Reprinted: March 15, 1999)

UL 698

Standard for

Industrial Control Equipment For Use In

Hazardous (Classified) Locations

The First through Seventh editions were titled Industrial Control Equipment for Use in Hazardous Locations. The Eighth and Ninth editions were titled Industrial
Control Equipment for Use in Hazardous Locations, Class I, Groups A, B, C, & D, and Class II, Groups E, F, & G.

First Edition -June, 1930

Second Edition - November, 1934
Third Edition - March, 1941
Fourth Edition -January, 1943
Fifth Edition - March, 1947
Sixth Edition - December, 1949
Seventh Edition - November, 1969
Eighth Edition - February, 1972
Ninth Edition -April, 1973
Tenth Edition -July, 1984
Eleventh Edition -April, 1991

Twelfth Edition

June 22,1995

Approval as an American lational Standard ( ISI) covers the numbered paragraphs on pages dated June 22, 1995. These pages should not be discarded when
revised or additional pages are issued if it is desired to retain the ANSI approved text.

An effective date included as a note immediately following certain requirements is one established by Undetwriters Laboratories Inc

Approved as ANSI/UL 698-1966, January 21, 1966

Approved as ANSI/UL 698-1973, April 9, 1973
Approved as ANSI/UL 698-1985, August 7, 1985
Approved as ANSI/UL 698-1990, September 24, 1990
Approved as ANSI/UL 698-1996, July 16, 1996

Revisions of this standardwill be made by issuing revised or additional pages bearing their date of issue. A UL Standard is current only if it incorporates the most
recently adopted revisions, all of which are itemized on the transmittal notice that accompanies the latest set of revised requirements.

ISBN 1-55989-876-3

COPYRIGHT @ 1973,1999 UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC.

2 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 MARCH 25,1996

No Text on This Page

JULY 12,1996 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 3

CONTENTS

FOREWORD

INTRODUCTION

1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............................. 7
2 General . . ........................................... . 8
3 Enclosure T ........................ .............................. 8
3A Class I, Zone, and Group Equivalency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

PART I - CLASS I, GROUPS A, B, C, AND D AIR-BREAK TYPE

CONSTRUCTION

4 Enclosure Material ........................................... 10

5 Enclosure Thicknes .............. ............................. 10A
6 Joints in Enclosures ........................................... 11
7 Shaft Openings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................. 19
8 Holes in Enclosures ........................................... 21
9 Drain and Breather F Enclosures . . . . ............................. 22
10 Supply Connections ........................................... 23
11 Protection Against C .............. ............................. 29
12 Materials Applied to Joint Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

PERFORMANCE

13 Temperature Test ........................................... 30

13A No-Load Enduran ............... ............................. 30
14 Explosion Tests ........................................... 30A
15 Hydrostatic Pressure Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................. 33
16 Leakage Test on Factory-Installed Conduit Se .............. 34
17 Rust-Resistance Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................. 35
18 Thermal-Shock Test on Glass Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
19 Secureness Test on Conduit Hubs . . . . . . . . . ............................. 35
20 Tests on Joint Gaskets ........................................... 35
21 Electrical-Resistance Te .............. ............................. 35
22 Accelerated-Aging Test on Bushings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
23 Strain-Relief Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................. 37
24 Rough-Usage Test ........................................... 37
25 DropTest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................. 37

PART II - CLASS I, GROUPS A, B, C, AND D OIL-IMMERSED TYPE

CONSTRUCTION

26 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
27 Enclosure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
28 Oil Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

PERFORMANCE

29 TemperatureTest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
30 ExplosionTests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
4 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 MARCH 25,1996

31 Rust-ResistanceTest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

PART 111 - CLASS II, GROUPS E, F, AND G

CONSTRUCTION

32 Enclosure .................................
................................... 41
34 Shaft Openings .................................
................................... 43
36 Drain and Breather Fittings in Enclosures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37 Supply Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... 44
38 Protection Against Corrosion ................................. .. 46
39 Materials Applied to Joint Surfaces . ................................... 46

PERFORMANCE

40 Dust-Penetration Test . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... 47

41 Temperature Test with Dust Blanket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
42 Oil-Breakdown Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... 48
43 Leakage Test on Factory-Installed C ...................... . . 48
44 Rust-Resistance Test . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... 49
45 Thermal-Shock Test on Glass Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
46 Secureness Test on Conduit Hubs . ................................... 49
47 Tests on Joint Gaskets ................................. . . 49
48 Electrical-Resistance Test . . . . . . . . ................................... 49
49 Accelerated-Aging Test on Bushings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
50 Strain-Relief Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... 49
51 Rough-Usage Test ................................. . . 49
52 DropTest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... 49

PART IV - MANUFACTURING AND PRODUCTION TESTS

53 Bonding Test for Cord-Connected Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

PART V - MARKING

54 Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

SUPPLEMENT SA - TESTS ON POLYMERIC ENCLOSURES AND SEALING COMPOUNDS

GENERAL

SAI Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SAI

MARCH 25,1996 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 5

PART I -TESTS ON ENCLOSURES FOR CLASS I EQUIPMENT

SA2 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SAI

SA3 ExplosionTests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SAI
SA4 Hydrostatic Pressure Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SA2
SA5 Chemical-Resistance Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SA2
SA6 Accelerated Air-Oven Aging Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SA4
SA7 Test for Accumulation of Static Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SA4
SA8 Resistance to Fungus Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SA5
SA9 Resistance to Ultraviolet (UV) Light and Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SA5

PART II - TESTS ON ENCLOSURES FOR CLASS II EQUIPMENT

SAIO General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SA7

PART III - TESTS ON SEALING COMPOUNDS

SA11 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SA7

6 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 MARCH 15,1999

FOREWORD

A. This Standard contains basic requirements for products covered by Underwriters

Laboratories Inc. (UL) under its Follow-Up Service for this category within the
limitations given below and in the Scope section of this Standard. These requirements
are based upon sound engineering principles, research, records of tests and field
experience, and an appreciation of the problems of manufacture, installation, and use
derived from consultation with and information obtained from manufacturers, users,
inspection authorities, and others having specialized experience. They are subject to
revision as further experience and investigation may show is necessary or desirable.

B. The observance of the requirements of this Standard by a manufacturer is one of

the conditions of the continued coverage of the manufacturer's product.

C. A product which complies with the text of this Standard will not necessarily be
judged to comply with the Standard if, when examined and tested, it is found to have
other features which impair the level of safety contemplated by these requirements.

D. A product employing materials or having forms of construction which conflict with

specific requirements of the Standard cannot be judged to comply with the Standard.
A product employing materials or having forms of construction not addressed by this
Standard may be examined and tested according to the intent of the requirements
and, if found to meet the intent of this Standard, may be judged to comply with the
Standard.

E. UL, in performing its functions in accordance with its objectives, does not assume
or undertake to discharge any responsibility of the manufacturer or any other party.
The opinions and findings of UL represent its professional judgment given with due
consideration to the necessary limitations of practical operation and state of the art
at the time the Standard is processed. UL shall not be responsible to anyone for the
use of or reliance upon this Standard by anyone. UL shall not incur any obligation or
liability for damages, including consequential damages, arising out of or in connection
with the use, interpretation of or reliance upon this Standard.

F. Many tests required by the Standards of UL are inherently hazardous and

adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting
such tests.
JULY 12,1996 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 7

INTRODUCTION

1 Scope

1. I These requirements cover industrial control equipment for installation and use in hazardous (classified) locations,
Class I, Division 1, Groups A, B, C, and D, and Class II, Division 1, Groups E, F, and G, in accordance with the National
Electrical Code. NFPA 70.

1. I . I These requirements also cover explosion-proof electrical equipment for installation and use in Class I, Zone 1,
Groups IIA, IIB, IIB plus Hydrogen, and IIC hazardous (classified) locations.
*1.1.1 added July 12, 1996*

1.2 Examples of industrial control equipment are:

a) Manual and magnetic starters and controllers.

b) Thermal- and magnetic-overload relays.

c) Pushbutton stations, including selector switches and pilot lights.

d) Control-circuit switches and relays.

e) Float-, flow-, pressure-, and vacuum-operated switches.

f) Resistors and rheostats.

g) Proximity switches.

h) Time-delay relays and switches.

i) Resistors and rheostats intended for industrial heating and lighting, including those for motor-generator fields.

j) Control devices intended for industrial heating and lighting.

k) Variable-voltage autotransformers.

1.3 These requirements apply to industrial control equipment for use in hazardous locations under the following
atmospheric conditions:

a) A minimum ambient temperature of minus 25EC (minus 1 3 E ) ,

b) An oxygen concentration not greater than 21 percent by volume, and

c) A nominal barometric pressure of one atmosphere.

1.4 These requirements do not cover intrinsically-safe electrical circuits of industrial control equipment for use in
hazardous locations.

1.5 These requirements do not cover electrostatic devices, circuits, or systems.

1.6 These requirements do not cover refrigeration-system controllers or the internal construction of electrical
instruments such as meters.
8 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 JUNE 22,1995

1.7 A product that contains features, characteristics, components, materials, or systems new or different from those
covered by the requirements in this standard, and that involves a risk of fire, electric shock, or injury to persons shall
be evaluated using the appropriate additional component and end-product requirements as determined necessary to
maintain the acceptable level of safety as originally anticipated by the intent of this standard. A product whose features,
characteristics, components, materials, or systems conflict with specific requirements or provisions of this standard
cannot be judged to comply with this standard. Where considered appropriate, revision of requirements shall be
proposed and adopted in conformance with the methods employed for development, revision, and implementation of
this standard.

2 General

2.1 General

2.1.1 These devices shall also comply with the applicable requirements in the Standard for Industrial Control
Equipment, UL 508.

2.2 Components

2.2.1 Except as indicated in 2.2.2, a component of a product covered by this standard shall comply with the
requirements for that component.

2.2.2 A component need not comply with a specific requirement that:

a) Involves a feature or characteristic not needed in the application of the component in the product covered
by this standard, or

b) Is superseded by a requirement in this standard.

2.2.3 A component shall be used in accordance with its recognized rating established for the intended conditions of
use.

2.2.4 Specific components are recognized as being incomplete in construction features or restricted in performance
capabilities. Such components are intended for use only under limited conditions, such as certain temperatures not
exceeding specified limits, and shall be used only under those specific conditions for which they have been recognized.

2.3 Undated reference

2.3.1 Any undated reference to a code or standard appearing in the requirements of this standard shall be interpreted
as referring to the latest edition of that code or standard.

2.4 Units of measurement

2.4.1 If a value for measurement is followed by a value in other units in parentheses, the second value may be only
approximate. The first stated value is the requirement.

3 Enclosure Types

3.1 An enclosure shall comply with the applicable requirements specified in Table 3.1.
JULY 12,1996 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 9

3.2 An enclosure that is intended for use in environmental conditions other than those defined in Table 3.1, and that
has a marked enclosure type designation, shall also comply with the applicable requirements for each enclosure type,
as specified in the Standard for Enclosures for Electrical Equipment, UL 50; for example, Type 3, 4X, or 6 .

3.3 A Type 3, 3R, 3S, 4,4X, 6 , or 6P enclosure may also be marked "Raintight" if no water enters the enclosure or
"Rainproof" if no water enters the enclosure at a point higher than the lowest live part. Compliance with these
requirements shall be determined by the applicable tests in the Standard for Enclosures for Electrical Equipment, UL
50.

Table 3.1
Enclosure types for hazardous locations

Type number Application Requirements

Class I, Division 1, Groups A, B, C, or D-Indoor Hazardous Locations -Air-

7 Break Equipment Pari I - Sections 4 - 25

Class I, Division 1, Groups A, B, C, or D-Indoor Hazardous Locations - Oil-

8 Immersed Equipment Pari II - Sections 26 - 31

Class II, Division 1, Groups E, F, or G-Indoor Hazardous Locations-Air-Break

9 Equipment Pari 111 - Sections 32 - 52

3A Class I, Zone, and Group Equivalency

3A.1 Class I, Zone 1, Group IIA

3A.1.1 Explosion-proof electrical equipment intended to be marked in accordance with 54.2.1 shall comply with all the
requirements for explosion-proof electrical equipment for use in Class I, Group D hazardous (classified) locations.
*3A.1.1 added July 12, 1996*

3A.2 Class I, Zone 1, Group IIB

3A.2.1 Explosion-proof electrical equipment intended to be marked in accordance with 54.2.2 shall comply with all the
requirements for explosion-proof electrical equipment for use in Class I, Group C hazardous (classified) locations.
*3A.2.1 added July 12, 1996*

3A.3 Class I, Zone 1, Group IIB plus Hydrogen

3A.3.1 Explosion-proof electrical equipment intended to be marked in accordance with 54.2.3 shall comply with all the
requirements for explosion-proof electrical equipment for use in Class I, Group B hazardous (classified) locations.
*3A.3.1 added July 12, 1996*
10 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 JULY 12,1996

3A.4 Class I, Zone 1, Group IIC

3A.4.1 Explosion-proof electrical equipment intended to be marked in accordance with 54.2.4 shall comply with all the
requirements for explosion-proof electrical equipment for use in both Class I, Group A and Class I, Group B hazardous
(classified) locations.
*3A.4.1 added July 12, 1996*

PART I - CLASS I, GROUPS A, B, C, AND D AIR-BREAK TYPE

CONSTRUCTION

4 Enclosure Material

4.1 The enclosure housing the electrical components, except any portion for viewing or light transmission, shall be
made of iron, steel, copper, brass, bronze, or aluminum or its alloys containing not less than 80-percent aluminum, or
shall be made of acceptable nonmetallic material. A metal such as zinc or magnesium, or their alloys, is not acceptable.

4.2 Copper shall not be used for the enclosure of a device for use in Class I, Group A locations. A copper alloy may
be used for an enclosure if:

a) It is coated with tin, nickel, or other acceptable coating, or

b) The copper content of the alloy is limited to not more than 30 percent.

4.3 Among the factors that are taken into consideration when determining the acceptability of a nonmetallic material
are:

a) Mechanical strength;

b) Resistance to impact;

c) Moisture-absorptive properties;
JULY 12,1996 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 1OA

d) Resistance to fungus;

e) Combustibility;

f) Resistance to repeated explosions;

g) Resistance to solvents as covered by the hazardous location group or groups under consideration;

h) Resistance to accumulation of electrostatic charges; and

i) Resistance to distortion and creep at temperatures to which the material may be subjected under all
conditions of use.

All of these factors are to be considered with respect to thermal aging. See Part I of Supplement A for tests on a
polymeric material.

4.4 A part for viewing or light transmission shall be of glass or similar material.

5 Enclosure Thickness

5.1 Except for a component as noted in 5.3 and 5.4, the minimum thickness of the metal enclosure walls shall not be
less than specified in Table 5.1.

5.2 A machined or a threaded joint in the walls of a cast-metal enclosure shall have at least the thickness specified in
Table 5.1 through the overlap.

Table 5.1
Thickness of metal for enclosure

Length or diameter, Area of any one surface, Cast brass,

bronze, copper, Cast iron and
inches (mm) square inches (dm 1 malleable iron aluminuma Sheet steel

22 (559) 480 (31) 0.093 (2.36) 0.125 (3.18) 0.067 (1.70)

30 (762) 620 (40) 0.093 (2.36) 0.125 (3.18) 0.093 (2.36)

60 (1524) 1,500 (97) 0.125 (3.18) 0.187 (4.75) 0.125 (3.18)

Over 60 (over 1524) Over 1,500 (over97) 0.187 (4.75) 0.250 (6.35) 0.187 (4.75)
1OB INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 JULY 12,1996

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JUNE 22,1995 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 11

5.3 A component that closes an opening in the enclosure, such as a Bourdon tube, flexure tube, bellows, or diaphragm,
and a nonmagnetic section of the enclosure necessary to permit proper operation of a magnetically operated part may
have a wall thickness less than specified in Table 5.1 if:

a) The thinner component is shielded from any electrical component that is subject to arcing by an insulation
barrier at least 0.028 inch (0.70 mm) thick or a grounded metal barrier of such construction that an arcing fault
between the electrical component and the barrier will prevent the arc from reaching the thinner section of the
enclosure, or other equivalent means. Consideration is to be given to overcurrent protection that may be
provided in the circuit, and, for an insulating material barrier, consideration is to be given to moisture absorptive
properties, combustibility, resistance to distortion at temperatures to which it may be subjected, and thermal
aging;

b) Internal wiring cannot contact the thinner component;

c) Mechanical protection is provided, such as by location within the equipment, to reduce the likelihood of
mechanical damage to the thinner component, except for a component such as a flexure tube where such
protection is impractical; and

d) The thinner component is formed of stainless steel, brass, or other acceptable inherently corrosion-resistant
metal.

5.4 The thickness may be less than specified in Table 5.1 if:

a) The construction is such that the enclosure is protected against arcing as described in 5.3; or

b) The available energy of circuits inside the enclosure is limited in some manner so that it can be
demonstrated that any arcing likely to occur within the enclosure will not cause burn-through of the enclosure
or raise the outside surface temperature of the enclosure, at any point, to a temperature in excess of the
minimum ignition temperature for any material in any of the hazardous location groups for which the product
is being investigated; or

c) A combination of (a) and (b).

See 2.1 . l .

6 Joints in Enclosures

6.1 General

6.1. I A joint in an enclosure shall be of the metal-to-metal, metal-to-glass, metal-to-polymeric, polymeric-to-polymeric,

or polymeric-to-glass type. The joint surface shall have an arithmetical average roughness of not more than
250 microinches (0.0064 mm), in accordance with the Standard for Surface Texture (Surface Roughness, Waviness,
and Lay), ANSUASME B46.1-1985.

Exception: A glass part, such as a pilot light lens, may be sealed with a sealing compound that:

a) Is resistant to the solvent action of the hazardous location chemicals to which it may be exposed as
determined in accordance with Section SAI I of Supplement A,
12 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 JUNE 22,1995

b) Is resistant to moisture and aging, and

c) complies with the other test requirements in this standard without loosening or cracking.

The length of compound seal shall not be less than the minimum length of joint required for an unsealed joint, or
5/8 inch (15.9 mm), whichever is less. The sealing compound shall not be relied upon for mechanical security of the
joint.

6.1.2 A joint shall be continuous; that is, the joint shall not be interrupted by an "O" ring groove or the like.

6.1.3 A sealing material applied to a joint surface in accordance with the exception to 12.3 shall not increase the
maximum clearance between the joint surfaces beyond the dimensions specified in this standard.

6.1.4 A polymeric-to-polymericjoint shall be a labyrinth or threaded type.

6.1.5 The free-internalvolume is considered to be the total internal volume of an electrical enclosure minus the volume
of internal components. Potting compounds are not considered in the determination of the free-internal volume.

Exception No. I: Potting compounds used for factory-installed lead wire seals, coil encapsulation or coil insulation, are
to be considered in the determination of the free-internal volume.

Exception No. 2: Potting compounds that have been investigated to determine they will withstand exposure to the
flammable vapors involved in that they will remain in place inside the enclosure, and that are free of voids, are to be
considered in determining the free-internal volume.

6.1.6 A feeler gauge utilized to measure the clearances specified in these requirements is to be 1/8 to 1/2 inch (3.2 to
12.7 mm) wide and with the 1/2-inch-wide gauge used, if possible. The width of joint is to be measured with the cover
in the most unfavorable position.

6.1.7 A gasket may be employed in a metal-to-glass or polymeric-to-glass joint if the gasket complies with the
requirements in 6.1.9 - 6.1.13. The maximum clearance between the gasket and the metal, polymeric, or glass shall
not be more than that specified in this standard.

6.1.8 A gasket shall not be employed in a metal-to-metal, metal-to-polymeric, or polymeric-to-polymeric joint, but may
be employed adjacent to such a joint if it does not decrease the effectiveness of the joint.

6.1.9 The use of a gasket shall be limited to a joint that will not be disturbed during the installation or intended servicing
of the device.

6.1.IO The requirement in 6.1.9 applies to a gasket in a metal-to-glassor polymeric-to-glassjoint only; it does not apply
to other types of gaskets such as those employed in an enclosure for specific environmental conditions. See 3.2.

6.1. I 1 A gasket shall be a metal-covered type, formed from polytetrafluoroethylene, or other material having similar
characteristics. See 20.1. A metal-covered gasket in a metal-to-glass or polymeric-to-glass joint shall be mechanically
attached to the glass. There shall be no overlapping of the metal covering of the gasket on the joint surfaces.
JUNE 22,1995 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 13

6.1.I2 If a gasket of polytetrafluoroethylene or similar material is used, it shall be installed to reduce the likelihood of
cold flow of the gasket material.

6.1 . I 3 A material that upon aging readily hardens or adheres to a joint surface, or both, is not an acceptable gasket
material. The attachment of a gasket by an adhesive or a cement is not acceptable.

6.2 Class I, Groups C and D locations

6.2.1 General

6.2.1. I Except as indicated in 6.2.1.2 - 6.2.1.5 and 6.2.3.1, the width of a joint and the clearance, when assembled,
shall be as specified in Figure 6.1, and the width of the joint shall not be less than 3/4 inch (19.1 mm).

6.2.1.2 A rabbet joint may have a diametrical clearance at the axial section of not more than twice the clearance
specified in Figure 6.1 if neither the axial nor the radial section of the joint is less than 1/16-inch (1.6-mm) wide.

6.2.1.3 A device having a free-internalvolume of not more than 300 cubic inches (4.9 dm3) may have a 1/2-inch (12.7-
mm) wide rabbet joint or a 3/8-inch (9.5-mm) wide flat joint if details comply with (a) or (b), respectively.

a) One-half-inch-wide rabbet joint (see Figure 6.2).

1) Neither the axial nor the radial section of the joint is less than 3/64-inch (1.2-mm) wide;

2) The diametrical clearance of the axial section and the clearance of the radial section is not more
than 0.002 inch (0.05 mm); and

3) The joint width measured from the inside of the enclosure to the nearest edge of each bolt
clearance hole and elsewhere is not less than 1/2 inch.

b) Three-eighths-inch-wide flat joint (see Figure 6.3).

1) The clearance between the joint surfaces is less than 0.0015 inch (0.038 mm) or such that a
0.0015-inch feeler gauge will not enter the joint more than 1/8 inch (3.2 mm) at any point;

2) The thickness of the cover at the joint width is not less than 3/8 inch, unless stiffened or reinforced
material of a lesser thickness has been found to be acceptable when judged with respect to opening
of joint clearance under internal pressures; and

3) The joint width measured from the inside of the enclosure to the nearest edge of each bolt
clearance hole is not less than 3/8 inch.
14 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 JUNE 22,1995

Figure 6.1
Relation between clearance and width of joint

...

...

6.2.1.4 The width of a joint in an enclosure having a free internal volume of not more than 6 cubic inches (0.1 dm3) shall
not be less than 1/4 inch (6.4 mm). For an enclosure for Group C locations, the clearance between the joint surfaces
shall not be more than 0.004 inch (0.10 mm). For an enclosure for Group D locations, the clearance between the joint
surfaces shall not be more than 0.006 inch (0.15 mm).

6.2.1.5 A control enclosure may have a venting section to relieve internal explosion pressures. A joint in a vented
enclosure may have a width of not less than 1/4 inch (6.4 mm), and a clearance of not more than 0.005 inch
(0.127 mm), if the maximum explosion pressure developed during the explosion tests does not exceed 5 psig (34.47
kPa). A venting section shall afford protection against propagation of flame.

6.2.2 Threaded joints

6.2.2.1 A threaded joint shall be made up with the number of fully-engaged threads specified in Table 6.1. Threads
shall not be finer than specified in Table 6.1.

6.2.2.2 A joint of the serrated type with thread contour shall not have more than 20 serrations per inch and shall have
at least five fully-engaged and tightly-clamped serrations.
JUNE 22,1995 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 15

Table 6.1
Thread engagement

Maximum diameter of threaded sections, inch Maximum acceptable number of threads Minimum acceptable number of threads
(mm) per inch (25.4 mm) engaged

No limit 20

318 (9.5) 24

Over 318 24

Over 318 28

Over 318 32

6.2.3 Labyrinth Joints

6.2.3.1 Joints of the labyrinth type shall be investigated in accordance with the requirements in 14.23.

6.2.4 Bolts in joint width

6.2.4.1 A bolt may be located in a 3/4-inch (19.1-mm) or wider joint if the distance from the interior of the enclosure to
the nearest edge of the clearance hole for the bolt is not less than 1/2 inch (12.7 mm), and the diametrical clearance
between the bolt and the clearance hole is not more than 0.045 inch (1 . I 4 mm), measured over the shank or the major
diameter of the threads, for a length of not less than one-half the required width of joint specified in Figure 6.1. The bolt
may be provided with a lock washer. If the bolts or the screws for fastening a cover each engage at least five full threads
in a tapped hole in the enclosure, the holes need not be bottomed. See Figure 6.4.

6.2.4.2 The requirements in 6.2.4.1 apply, in general, to ordinary round machine screws. Screws that form their own
machine-type thread and have been investigated for securing enclosure parts may also be located in the joint width if
they comply with the requirements in 6.2.4.1 except for measurement of the bolt clearance. In determining the clearance
between a thread-formingscrew and its clearance hole, the bolt dimension to be used is the minimum dimension of the
cross section over the threads.
16 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 JUNE 22,1995

Figure 6.2
Rabbet joint
(See 6.2.1.3(a) and 6.4.3)

ENCLOSURE

4 B k
52827

3
A + B = 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) for Class I, Groups C and D enclosures having free internal volume not more than 300 cubic inches (4920 cm )

A + B = 7/8 inch (22.2 mm) for Class I, Group B enclosures having free internal volume not more than 100 cubic inches (1640 cm’)

Figure 6.3
318-inch (9.5-mm) Wide flat joint for a device
having free internal volume not more than
300 cubic inches (4920 cm3)
(See 6.2.1.3(b) and 6.4.1)

t
3/8”
CO 7-
I NCIDE OF

B
ENCLOSURE

SB0521A
MARCH 15,1999 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 17

Figure 6.4
Bolts in joint width
(See 6.2.4.1 and 6.2.4.2)

-IOLE

STRAIGHT JOINT
kAi

-COVER
/ \ ~ ~ ~ JOINT

7
BODY

ENCLOSURE __ -
D+E=B D+F=A kF4f
S2828D RABBET JOINT

A = Required minimum width of joint (see Figure 6.1)

B = Minimum distance from inside enclosure to bolt clearance hole

C = One-half of required minimum width of joint

D = One pari of rabbet joint

E = Second pari of rabbet joint to bolt clearance hole

F = Second pari of rabbet joint elsewhere

*Figure 6.4 revised March 15, 1999*
18 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 MARCH 15,1999

6.3 Class I, Group A locations

6.3.1 Except for a conduit connection and a joint having tapered threads, a threaded joint in an enclosure shall have
at least:

a) Eight fully-engaged threads with a Class 1 fit,

b) Seven threads with a Class 2 fit, or

c) Six threads with a Class 3 fit.

A threaded joint in an enclosure having tapered threads shall fully engage at least five threads. Threads shall not be
finer than 20 threads per inch.

6.3.2 A joint of the serrated type with thread contour shall not have more than 20 serrations per inch and shall have
at least five fully-engaged and tightly-clamped serrations.

6.4 Class I, Group B locations

6.4.1 Except as indicated in 6.4.2, the width of a joint in an enclosure having a free internal volume of not more than
30 cubic inches (0.5 dm3) shall not be less than 3/8 inch (9.5 mm). At a bolt hole, the width shall be measured from the
inside edge to the nearest edge of the bolt clearance hole. The thickness at the joint flange shall not be less than
3/8 inch. The clearance between the joint surfaces shall be less than 0.0015 inch (0.038 mm) or such that a 0.0015-inch
feeler gauge will not enter the joint more than 1/8 inch (3.2 mm) at any point. See Figure 6.3.

6.4.2 The width of a joint in an enclosure having a free internal volume of not more than 6 cubic inches (0.1 dm3) shall
not be less than 5/16 inch (7.9 mm) with a clearance between joint surfaces of not more than 0.002 inch (0.05 mm) or
3/8 inch (9.5 mm) with a clearance between joint surfaces of not more than 0.004 inch (0.10 mm).

6.4.3 The width of a joint in an enclosure having a free internal volume of more than 30 cubic inches (0.5 dm3) but not
more than 100 cubic inches (1.6 dm3) shall not be less than 5/8 inch (15.9 mm). At a bolt hole, the width shall be
measured from the inside edge to the nearest edge of the bolt clearance hole. The clearance between the joint surfaces
shall be less than 0.0015 inch (0.038 mm) or such that a 0.0015-inch feeler gauge will not enter the joint more than
1/8 inch (3.2 mm) at any point. A rabbet joint shall have a total width of not less than 7/8 inch (22.2 mm), with neither
section of the joint being less than 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) wide. The diametrical clearance at the axial section of joint shall
not be more than 0.0025 inch (0.064 mm), and the clearance at the radial or clamped section of joint shall not be more
than 0.0015 inch. See Figure 6.2.

6.4.4 The width of a joint in an enclosure having a free internal volume of more than 100 cubic inches (1.6 dm’) but
not more than 350 cubic inches (5.7 dm3) shall not be less than 1 inch (25.4 mm). At a bolt hole the width shall be
measured from the inside edge to the nearest edge of the bolt clearance hole. The clearance between the joint surfaces
shall not be more than 0.0015 inch (0.038 mm).
MARCH 15,1999 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 18A

6.4.5 Except for a conduit connection and a joint having tapered threads, a threaded joint in an enclosure shall have
at least:

a) Eight fully-engaged threads with a Class 1 fit,

b) Seven threads with a Class 2 fit, or

c) Six threads with a Class 3 fit.

A threaded joint in an enclosure having tapered threads shall fully engage at least five threads. Threads shall not be
finer than 20 threads per inch.

6.4.6 A joint of the serrated type with thread contour shall not have more than 20 serrations per inch and shall have
at least five fully-engaged and tightly-clamped serrations.
18B INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 MARCH 15,1999

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MARCH 25,1996 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 19

7 Shaft Openings

7.1 General

7.1. I A shaft opening in an enclosure shall be of the metal-to-metal, metal-to-polymeric or polymeric-to-ceramic type.
See 6.1 . I regarding the roughness of the surfaces forming the shaft path.
*7.1.1 revised March 25, 1996*

7.1.2 The requirements in 7.2.1 - 7.3.5.2 apply to shaft openings in electrical enclosures for Class I, Groups C and D
locations.

7.1.3 A device for Class I, Group A or B locations having a free internal volume of 30 cubic inches (0.5 dm3) or less
shall comply with the requirements in 7.2.1.

7.2 Nonrotating shafts and shafts rotating at a speed of less than 100 RPM

7.2.1 Except as noted in 7.2.1 . I - 7.2.1.3, a shaft opening in an enclosure shall have a length of path of not less than
1 inch (25.4 mm). The diametrical clearance (difference in diameter of the shaft and the opening in the enclosure) shall
be as specified in Figure 6.1. The diametrical clearance for a path longer than 1-1/4 inches (31.8 mm) shall not be more
than 0.0045 inch (0.114 mm). See 7.2.3.
*7.2.1 revised and separated into 7.2.1, 7.2.1. I , and 7.2.1.2 March 25, 1996*

7.2.1. I An opening for a shaft that is centered in the opening by bearings or an equivalent construction that prevents
contact between the shaft and the shaft opening need not comply with the requirements in 7.2.1 and 7.2.3 if it complies
with the requirements in 7.3.1. I - 7.3.5.2.
*7.2.1 revised and separated into 7.2.1, 7.2.1. I , and 7.2.1.2 March 25, 1996*

7.2.1.2 A device having a free internal volume of 1.O cubic inch (0.016 dm3) or less may have a length of path of not
less than 9/32 inch (7.1 mm) with a diametrical clearance of not more than 0.005 inch (0.127 mm).
*7.2.1 revised and separated into 7.2.1, 7.2.1. I , and 7.2.1.2 July 12, 1996*

7.2.1.3 A device having a free internal volume of 6.1 cubic inches (100 cm3) or less and tested as specified in 14.24.1
may have a shaft opening with a length and diametrical clearance as follows:

Minimum length of path, Maximum diametrical clearance,

inch (mm) inch (mm)

0.24 (6.0) 0.004 (0.10)

0.49 (12.5) 0.006 (0.15)

*7.2.1.3 added March 25, 1996*

7.2.2 Unless otherwise noted a shaft path shall be continuous; that is, the path shall not be interrupted by an "O" ring
groove or the like.

7.2.3 A shaft opening in an enclosure with a venting section may have a diametrical clearance of not more than
0.005 inch (0.127 mm) for a length of not less than 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) if the explosion pressure developed in the
explosion tests does not exceed 5 psi (34.47 kPa).
20 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 MARCH 25,1996

7.3 Shafts rotating at a speed of 100 RPM or more

7.3.1 General

7.3.1 . I The paths at shaft openings specified in 7.3.1.2 - 7.3.3.5 and 7.3.4.1 - 7.3.5.2 shall be in addition to any
protection offered by the ball bearings or the sleeve bearings on the shaft.

7.3.1.2 The length of a shaft opening or path shall be determined by measuring only the metal-to-metal path with
clearance specified below. Oil or grease grooves (without any inlet or outlet openings for grease or oil) are acceptable,
if not of sufficient size to affect significantly the protective value of the total length of path, but are not considered in
measuring the effective metal path. A labyrinth, if of a substantial form of construction, is considered as equivalent in
length to a straight metal path. Openings for oil or grease shall be located outside the path.

7.3.2 Free Internal Volume of Enclosure Not More Than 65 Cubic inches (1.1 dm2) for Class I,
Group D Locations, Only

7.3.2.1 An enclosure having a free internal volume of 65 cubic inches (1 . I dm3) or less shall have a shaft opening with
a length of not less than 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) and a diametrical clearance between shaft and shaft opening of not more
than 0.015 inch (0.38 mm).

7.3.3 Free Internal Volume of Enclosure Not More Than 350 Cubic inches (5.7 dm3)

7.3.3.1 Except as indicated in 7.3.3.3 and 7.3.3.4, an enclosure for Class I, Group D locations having a free internal
volume more than 65 cubic inches (1.1 dm3) but not more than 350 cubic inches (5.? dm ), and a length
(circumference) of joint not more than 32 inches (813 mm), shall have a shaft opening with a length of not less than
1-1/2 inches (38.1 mm) and a diameterical clearance of not more than 0.025 inch (0.63 mm).

7.3.3.2 A shaft opening in an enclosure for Class I, Group C locations shall:

a) Comply with the requirements in 7.3.3.1, and

b) Be provided with a labyrinth flame path of at least 1/8 inch (3.2 mm), the offset being not less than 1/16 inch
(1.6 mm) (difference in diameters at least 1/8 inch) through two 90-degree turns.

7.3.3.3 A larger clearance at a shaft opening is acceptable on the basis of an increase in length of metal path of
1/4 inch (6.4 mm) per 0.002-inch (0.05-mm) increase in diametrical clearance.

7.3.3.4 A proportional decrease in length of 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) per 0.002-inch (0.05-mm) decrease in diametrical
clearance is acceptable, provided that the metal path is not less than 1 inch (25.4 mm).

7.3.3.5 If the path specified in 7.3.3.1 - 7.3.3.4 is not provided in addition to the length of the sleeve bearing, the bearing
shall have an overall length of not less than 1-1/4 inches (31.8 mm). The necessary oil openings and grooves may be
provided in this 1-1/4-inch length of sleeve bearing, subject to tests. In addition, the flame path shall either be:

a) Around a radial shaft shoulder of not less than 1/8 inch (3.2 mm) with end play limited by means of spring
washers or the equivalent to less than 0.002 inch (0.05 mm) for an enclosure for Class I, Group D locations;
or
MARCH 25,1996 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 2ûA

b) Through a labyrinth with an offset no less than 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) (difference in diameters at least 1/8 inch)
through two 90-degree turns. The labyrinth shall have a diametrical clearance of not more than 0.020 inch
(0.50 mm) through a length of not less than:

1) For an enclosure for Class I, Group D locations, 1/4 inch (6.4 mm); and

2) For an enclosure for Class I, Group C locations, 3/8 inch (9.5 mm).

7.3.4 Free Internal Volume of Enclosure More Than 350 Cubic inches (5.7 dm3) With Internal Length
of Joint of 90 inches (2.29 m) or Less

7.3.4.1 An enclosure for Class I, Group D locations having a free internal volume more than 350 cubic inches (5.7 dm3)
and an internal length (circumference) of joint less than 90 inches (2.29 m) shall have a shaft path for the arrest of flame
complying with Table 7.1.
20B INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 MARCH 25,1996

No Text on This Page

JUNE 22,1995 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 21

Table 7.1
Length of shaft opening and diametrical clearance

Minimum length of shaft opening, Maximum diametrical clearance,

inches (mm) inch (mm)

1-1/2 (38.1) 0.025 (0.64)

2-1/2 (63.5) 0.030 (0.76)

7.3.4.2 A shaft opening in an enclosure for Class I, Group C locations shall:

a) Comply with the requirements in 7.3.4.1, and

b) Be provided with a labyrinth path of at least 1/8 inch (3.2 mm), the offset being not less than 1/8 inch
[difference in diameters at least 1/4 inch (6.9 mm)] through two 90-degree turns.

7.3.5 Internal Length of Joint More Than 90 inches (2.29 m)

7.3.5.1 An enclosure having an internal length (circumference) of joint larger than 90 inches (2.29 m) shall have at least
two sections of labyrinth shaft paths complying with the dimensions in Table 7.2.

Table 7.2
Length of labyrinth path and diametrical clearance

Total length of labyrinth path, Maximum diametrical clearance, No section less than,

inches (mm) inch (mm) inch (mm)=

2 (50.8) 0.025 (0.64) 1/4 ( 6.4)

3 (76.2) 0.030 (0.76) 1 (25.4)

7.3.5.2 The minimum dimensions specified in Table 7.2 shall be provided with the shaft in any position permitted by
the end play of the shaft. The two adjacent sections of the path shall not be more than 5/8 inch (15.9 mm) apart, at any
position permitted by end play.

8 Holes in Enclosures

8.1 Except as indicated in 8.4, a hole in an enclosure for securing a mechanism shall be:

a) Bottomed,

b) Closed by welding of the part in place, or

c) The screw securing the part shall engage at least five full threads and be secured against removal. If a self-
tapping screw is used, it shall have a minimum of five full threads engaged when seated. A screw shall not have
more than 32 threads per inch.
22 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 JUNE 22,1995

8.2 A metal pin or a part press-fitted through the wall of an enclosure shall engage for at least 3/8 inch (9.5 mm). Such
a part shall be secured against removal by welding, peening, or the equivalent.

8.3 Unless attachment complies with the requirements in 8.1 or 8.2, holes in an enclosure for attachment of a
nameplate shall be bottomed. The remaining thickness at the bottomed hole shall withstand the Hydrostatic Pressure
Test, Section 15, but shall not be less than 1/16 inch (1.6 mm).

8.4 An open-type auxiliary device for use in a motor-control circuit (such as a pilot light, selector switch, or pushbutton)
complying with the requirements in 8.5, threaded into an enclosure, or a closure plug threaded into an opening in the
enclosure for such an auxiliary device, need not be secured against removal.

8.5 An open-type auxiliary device shall close the opening into which it threads in a manner complying with the
requirements in this standard when installed in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions. If the
construction is such that the enclosure of the auxiliary device requires a hydrostatic strength test or equivalent, the
auxiliary device wiring terminals or leads shall be factory sealed.

8.6 A tapped hole shall not be provided in a sintered-metal part employed as a venting section of an enclosure.

9 Drain and Breather Fittings in Enclosures

9.1 If provided, a drain fitting shall:

a) Drain a liquid from the enclosure without removal of any part of the fitting,

b) Be located or protected to prevent damage to the fitting, and

c) Be permanently attached to the enclosure

Exception: A drain or breather fitting need not be permanently attached if it is installed in an opening acceptable for
the attachment of conduit. See IO. I.I.I - IO. I.I.IO.

9.2 The metal-to-metaljoint between a drain fitting and the enclosure shall comply with the requirements specified for
joints in the enclosure.

9.3 A drain fitting shall prevent the passage of flames and sparks capable of igniting the surrounding atmospheres.

9.4 A breather fitting shall comply with the applicable requirements in 9.1 - 9.3.
JUNE 22,1995 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 23

10 Supply Connections

10.1 Stationary equipment

10.1.1 General

10.1. I . I A permanently mounted device shall have provision for connection to threaded rigid metal conduit, or other
wiring methods in accordance with Article 501 in the National electrical Code, NFPA 70-1993.

Exception: This requirement does not apply to an open-type auxiliary device for use in a motor-control circuit (such
as a pilot light, selector switch, or pushbutton) that:

a) Is intended to thread into an enclosure and close the opening into which it threads, and

b) Complies with the requirements in 8.5.

*10.1.1.1 effective June 22, 1995*

10.1. I .2 A conduit opening shall be provided with at least five full threads.
* I 0.1 . I .2 effective July 1, 1997*

10.1. I .3 Each conduit opening shall be provided with:

a) A smooth and well-rounded integral conduit stop having a throat or inner diameter as specified in Table
10.1,

b) A smooth and well-rounded inner end as shown in Figure 10.1, or

c) Threads not exceeding the maximum number specified in Table 10.2 for the conduit size.

Exception: The opening need not comply with this requirement if instructions are provided in accordance with 54.15.
* I 0.1 . I .3effective July 1, 1997*
24 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 JUNE 22,1995

Table 10.1
Throat diameter of conduit stop

Trade size of conduit, Throat diameter of conduit stop, inches (mm)

Inches (mm O.D.) Minimum Maximum

112 (21.3) 0.560 (14.22) 0.622 (15.80)

314 (26.7) 0.742 (18.85) 0.824 (20.93)

1 (33.4) O. 944 (23.98) 1.O49 (26.64)

1-114 (42.4) 1.242 (31.55) 1.380 (35.05)

1-112 (48.3) 1.449 (36.80) 1.610 (40.89)

2 (60.3) 1.860 (47.24) 2.067 (52.50)

2-112 (73.0) 2.222 (56.44) 2.469 (62.71)

3 (88.9) 2.761 (70.13) 3.068 (77.93)

3-112 (101.6) 3.193 (81.10) 3.548 (90.12)

4 (1 14.3) 3.623 (92.02) 4.026 (102.26)

5 (141.3) 4.542 (115.37) 5.047 (128.19)

6 (168.3) 5.458 (138.63) 6.065 (154.05)

Table 10.1 effective June 22. 1995*

Figure 10.1
Conduit opening without conduit stop
THREADED RIGID CONDUIT

S3670

*Figure 10.1 effective July 1, 1997*

JUNE 22,1995 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 25

Table 10.2
Number of threads in a conduit opening without an integral stop

Trade size of conduit inches (mm OD) Number of threads per inch (25.4 mm) Maximum number of threads

112 (21.3) 14 6

314 (26.7) 14 6

1 (33.4) 11-112 6

1-114 (42.2) 11-112 6

1-112 (48.3) 11-112 7

2 (60.3) 11-112 7

2-112 (73.0) 8 7

3 (88.9) 8 8

3-112 (101.6) 8 8

4 (1 14.3) 8 9

5 (141.3) 8 9

6 (168.3) 8 9

Table 10.2 effective July 1, 1997*

10.1. I .4 If an integral conduit stop is provided, it shall be smooth and well-rounded, having a throat or inner diameter
as specified in Table 10.1,
*10.1.1.4 effective June 22, 1995*

10.1. I .5 If an integral conduit stop is provided in a conduit opening of an enclosure for Class I, Group A or B locations,
the threads shall be tapered 3/4 inch per foot (62.5 mm/m).
*10.1.1.5 effective June 22, 1995*

10.1. I .6 If an integral conduit stop is provided in a conduit opening of an enclosure for Class I, Group C or D locations,
the threads may be of the straight type or tapered 3/4 inch per foot (62.5 mm/m).
*10.1.1.6 effective June 22, 1995*

10.1. I .7 If an integral conduit stop is not provided in the conduit opening, the threads shall be tapered 3/4 inch per foot
(62.5 mm/m).

10.1. I .8 If the threads for the connection of conduit are tapped all the way through a hole in an enclosure wall, there
shall not be less than five full threads and not more than specified in Table 10.2.
*10.1.1.8 deleted July 1, 1997*

10.1.1.9 All openings for connection to conduit, except those necessary for installation, shall be furnished with metal
plugs engaging at least five full threads.

10.1. I .IO In order to reduce the possibility of openings for connection with rigid conduit being left open, no more
openings for conduit connection shall be provided than are necessary to meet the usual variations of installation
conditions.
*10.1.1.10 deleted July 1, 1997*
26 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 JUNE 22,1995

10.1. I . I 1 A conduit hub not integrally cast with an enclosure shall:

a) Have a wall thickness before threading not less than that of the corresponding trade-size conduit,

b) Not depend upon friction alone to prevent it from turning, and

c) Shall comply with the Secureness Test on Conduit Hubs, Section 19.

*10.1.1.11 effective June22, 1995*

10.1.2 Conduit seals

10.1.2.1 A factory installed conduit seal incorporated as part of the device shall:

a) Comply with the requirements in 10.1.2.2, 10.1.2.3, 11. I , 12.3, 14.15, and 15.2; and

b) Be marked as specified in 54.10.

10.1.2.2 If a conduit seal is incorporated, the wires or conductors shall be securely held and tightly sealed where they
pass into the enclosure. If a sealing compound or cement is used, it shall:

a) Provide a tight fit,

b) Neither soften nor crack under service conditions,

c) Be resistant to the solvent action of the hazardous locations chemicals to which it may be exposed - see
Part III of Supplement A,

d) Be resistant to moisture and aging, and

e) Not be less than 5/8 inch (15.9 mm) deep.

The sealing compound shall not flow or creep at the operating temperature of the device, and if of the softening type,
have a softening point not less than 93EC (19 9 E ) as determined by the Standard Test Method for Softening Point by
Ring-and-Ball Apparatus, ASTM E28-92.

10.1.2.3 If a nipple is used to retain the sealing standard compound for the lead wires of the device, the depth of seal
shall not be less than the internal diameter of the nipple, or 5/8 inch (15.9 mm), whichever is greater. Depending on the
compound, the size of the lead wires, and the construction of the sealing well, a greater depth of sealing compound may
be necessary to form a tight seal. Means shall be provided in the nipple to anchor the sealing compound.

10.1.3 Leads

10.1.3.1 All wire leads, other than grounding leads, supplied as part of control equipment for the connection of the
device to the supply circuit shall not be less than 4 inches (101.6 mm) long.

10.1.3.2 A grounding lead, when provided, shall not be less than 6 inches (152.4 mm) long.
JUNE 22,1995 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 27

10.2 Cord-connected equipment

10.2.1 General

10.2.1. I All external metal parts of a portable device that may be struck by or strike against foreign objects shall be
made of nonsparking material such as brass or aluminum.

10.2.1.2 A portable device shall have provision for connection of Type S , SO, SOO, ST, STO, or STO0 flexible cord
with a grounding conductor. The terminal enclosure shall be of a construction that permits the cord to be replaced. The
enclosure that contains the terminals for connection of the flexible-cord conductors shall completely enclose the
term inals.

10.2.1.3 If a power-supply cord is provided, the insulation of the equipment-grounding conductor shall be green with
or without one or more yellow stripes and no other conductor shall be so identified. The equipment-grounding conductor
shall be connected to the grounding terminal of the control device by means other than solder.

10.2.1.4 If provided, an attachment plug shall be of the grounding type, acceptable for use in the same hazardous
location classes and groups as the control device.

10.2.1.5 If a power-supplycord or attachment plug, or both, are not provided, the device shall be marked as indicated
in 54.8.

10.2.2 Terminal enclosure

10.2.2.1 If each terminal is of a type that permits turning of a screw end, a head (wire-binding screw), or a nut in contact
with strands of the cord conductor, the terminal enclosure shall:

a) Withstand the internal pressures resulting from explosions without bursting or loosening at joints,

b) Have metal-to-metal joints that comply with the requirements in Section 6, and

c) Withstand a hydrostatic test or be acceptable by calculation as specified in 15.1.

10.2.2.2 The terminal enclosure shall be made of metal having a minimum thickness as specified in Table 5.1.

10.2.2.3 If each terminal is of a type that provides a spacing of at least 3/16 inch (4.8 mm) (shortest distance) between
terminals, is insulated, and does not have a screw end, a head (wire-binding screw), or a nut in contact with strands of
the cord conductor, the terminals shall be enclosed, but the explosion-proof construction specified in 10.2.2.1 need not
be provided. The entrance for the power-supply cord may be closed with a molded-rubber or -neoprene bushing
complying with the requirements in Accelerated-Aging Test on Bushings, Section 22.

10.2.3 Packing gland

10.2.3.1 A packing gland (stuffing box) shall be provided at the cord entrance to a terminal enclosure that is constructed
as described in 10.2.2.1.
28 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 JUNE 22,1995

10.2.3.2 The packing material for the gland shall be polytetrafluoroethylene packing material having a diameter or
thickness of not less than 3/32 inch (2.4 mm), or a material having similar characteristics. There shall be a sufficient
amount of packing material to completely surround the cord and provide a tightly compressed seal when the packing
gland is assembled. The depth of tightly compressed seal shall be at least 5/8 inch (15.6 mm). The construction and
amount of packing shall be such that with the packing compressed, as intended, the compression nut still has a travel
distance of at least 1/8 inch (3.2 mm) without interfering with parts other than packing material. The compression nut
shall be mechanically secured against loosening by means of a setscrew or the equivalent.

10.2.3.3 The diametrical clearance between the outer jacket of the power-supply cord and the surrounding cavity for
packing material shall not exceed three times the diameter of the packing material. At each end of the cavity for the
packing material, the diametrical clearance between the opening in the gland parts and the outer jacket of the cord shall
not exceed:

a) 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) for packing material less than 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) in diameter, or

b) 3/16 inch (4.8 mm) for packing material 1/4 inch in diameter or larger.

10.2.3.4 All metal surfaces of the gland and terminal enclosure adjacent to the cord shall be smooth and have rounded
edges.

10.2.3.5 If a packing gland must be disassembled to permit replacement of the power-supply cord, instructions shall
be providedwith each device covering the intended assembly of the packing gland to the control equipment. See 54.7.

10.2.4 Cord clamp

10.2.4.1 A positive mechanicalcord clamp shall be provided that permits the power-supply cord to be readily replaced
and prevents strain at cord connections within the terminal enclosure when subjected to the Strain-Relief Test, Section
23. If the cord clamp is threaded to the terminal enclosure, it shall form a tight engagement or shall be secured against
turning or loosening by means of a setscrew or the equivalent. The clamp shall be smooth and free from sharp edges
that may damage the jacket of the flexible cord.

10.2.4.2 The cord clamp shall be in addition to the packing gland.

10.2.5 Bonding

10.2.5.1 Except as indicated in 10.2.5.2, all dead metal parts of a portable device shall be electrically bonded to the
terminal for connection of the grounding conductor of the power-supply cord. See Electrical-Resistance Test, Section
21.

10.2.5.2 A noncurrent-carrying metal part that is not likely to become energized, such as a nameplate, need not be
bonded if an investigation shows that after such a part has been electrostatically charged, the accumulation is not
sufficient to arc to a grounded probe.

10.2.5.3 A terminal for the connection of an equipment-grounding conductor shall have a permanent identification that
is readily recognizable during installation and that is one of the following:

a) A terminal screw that is not readily removable and that has a green-colored head that is hexagonal, slotted,
or both;

b) A hexagonal green-colored nut that is not readily removable from a threaded terminal stud;
JUNE 22,1995 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 29

c) A visible pressure terminal connector that has a green-colored body or appendage that is not readily
removable from the connector: or

d) A concealed pressure terminal connector identified in accordance with 10.2.5.4.

10.2.5.4 If a pressure terminal connector at the equipment-grounding terminal is located within the device body and
is not readily visible, the wire-entrance hole for a connection to that terminal shall be identified by one of the following:

a) A distinct green-colored area immediately adjacent to the wire-entrance hole; or

b) The letter or word, "G," "GR," "GRD," "GND," "Ground," "Grounding," or "Green" distinctively marked
immediately adjacent to the wire-entrance hole in letters at least 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) high.

10.2.5.5 A readily removable (not staked or otherwise held captive) part of an equipment-grounding terminal, such as
a setscrew or a clamping member, shall not be colored green or otherwise identified as part of the grounding terminal
if the part may be interchanged with a similar part of another terminal on the device.

10.2.5.6 If provided,the grounding member of the attachment plug and the grounding conductor of the power-supply
cord and dead metal parts of portable equipment required to be bonded in accordance with 10.2.5.1 shall be electrically
connected as determined by test.

11 Protection Against Corrosion

11. I All ferrous-metal parts other than stainless steel shall be protected against corrosion, except at joint surfaces and
conduit threads, by zinc or cadmium coating, plating, enameling, painting, varnishing, or lacquering. Joint surfaces and
conduit threads may be electroplated with zinc or cadmium. An enclosure of ferrous metal other than stainless steel
shall be subjected to the Rust-Resistance Test, Section 17.

11.2 Brass, copper, or lead alloy (terne) coatings are not acceptable for coating ferrous-metal parts as protection
against corrosion.

12 Materials Applied to Joint Surfaces

12.1 A corrosion inhibiting grease, such as petrolatum or soap-thickened mineral oils, may be applied to the metal joint
surfaces before assembly.

12.2 The grease shall be of a type that does not:

a) Harden because of aging,

b) Contain an evaporating solvent, and

c) Cause corrosion of the joint surfaces.

30 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 MARCH 25,1996

12.3 Paint or a sealing material shall not be applied to the contacting surfaces of a joint.

Exception No. I : A sealing material may be applied to the contacting surfaces of a joint that is not intended to be and
need not be opened to install or service the equipment if the application of the material complies with the requirements
in 6.1.3 and 14.18.

Exception No. 2: A metallic paint or other noninsulating coating may be applied to a threaded joint surface or a threaded
conduit opening if the joint surface or opening, with the paint or coating applied:

a) Prevents the passage of flame, hot particles, or sparks capable of igniting the surrounding atmosphere
during the explosion tests, see 14.I I ; and

b) Complies with the requirements in 21.2. I - 21.2.3.

PERFORMANCE

13 Temperature Test

13.1 A device shall be subjected to a temperature test to determine the maximum temperature at any point on the
external surface.

13.2 If a device is intended for use in an ambient temperature of 40EC (104E) or less, the test is to be conducted at
an ambient of 40EC. If a device is for use in an ambient higher than 40EC, the test is to be conducted at the higher
ambient.

13.3 The operating temperature or temperature code shall be based on operation in a 40EC (104E) ambient, or at
a higher ambient temperature if the device is intended to be used in an ambient higher than 40EC. The temperature
code, if provided, shall be indicated in accordance with Table 54.1. For equipment intended and marked for use where
Class I and Class II conditions may exist simultaneously, the marked operating temperature or temperature code is to
be based on the temperature attained during the test with dust blanket - see 41.3.

13A No-Load Endurance Test

13A.1 A manually-operated device provided with a metal-to-polymeric or polymeric-to-ceramic type shaft opening shall
be subjected to the no-load endurance test specified in 13A.2. There shall be no mechanical or visible damage to any
of the parts.
* I 3A.1 added March 25,1996*

13A.2 The device shall be tested with shaft path surfaces having the maximum surface roughness to be provided in
production. Following the test, the device shall comply with Explosion Tests, Section 14.
* I 3A.2 added March 25,1996*

13A.3 The device is to be operated in its intended manner. This test may be conducted manually or mechanically.
The duration of the test is to be 10,000 cycles, at a rate not greater than 10 per minute. The rate of cycling is to be
greater if agreeable to all concerned.
* I 3A.3 added March 25,1996*
MARCH 25,1996 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 3ûA

14 Explosion Tests

14.1 The device shall be subjected to a series of tests conducted in the presence of the specific gas- or vapor-air
mixtures over the range of flammable or explosive concentration to determine:

a) The maximum pressure effects of the gas- or vapor-air mixtures;

b) The maximum propagation effects of the gas- or vapor-air mixtures; and

c) That an electrical mechanism having contacts will not fail electrically in the presence of explosive
atmospheres if such tests are required - see 14.4 and 14.5.

14.2 During the explosion tests, the enclosure shall:

a) Prevent the passage of flame and sparks capable of igniting the surrounding atmosphere; and

b) Withstand the internal pressure from the explosions without bursting or loosening of the joints in the
enclosure.

14.3 In addition to complying with the requirements in 14.1, 14.2, and 14.5, there shall be no mechanical damage to
the electrical mechanism or mechanisms.

14.4 Except as indicated in 14.5 and 14.7, tests are to be conducted under stalled-rotor-load conditions. A device that
is not subject to stalled-rotor-load conditions is to be tested with the maximum electrical test load required for the
electrical mechanism when used in ordinary locations.

14.5 A device for Class I, Group C or D locations and intended for connection to a circuit with an available short-circuit
current not over 10,000 rms symmetrical amperes shall be subjected to spark plug ignition tests with the intended
electrical mechanisms in place. In addition, such devices for Class I, Group C locations rated over 125 volts shall be
subjected to explosion tests to determine that electrical mechanisms having contacts will not fail electrically when
operated at maximum rated voltage and a load of nominally 10 amperes or rated current at maximum rated voltage,
whichever is lower. The load characteristics shall be the same as the load characteristics required for ordinary-location
use when the device is subjected to an endurance test. An equivalent load may be used.

14.6 A device rated more than 200 horsepower (149.2 kW output) is considered as being intended for connection to
a circuit with an available short-circuit current of more than 10,000 rms symmetrical amperes.

14.7 In addition to the tests specified in 14.4, tests are to be conducted using a spark plug to ignite the flammable
mixture.

14.8 A device having an internal fuse, including any device for Class I, Group C or D locations, is also to be subjected
to overload and short-circuit tests to determine the electrical and pressure effects resulting from rupture of the fuse.

14.9 For the explosion tests, the enclosure is to be installed in a test chamber that has inlet and outlet connections to
the lines carrying the explosive mixture. The enclosure subjected to tests is to be tapped with threaded holes for
connection to the inlet or outlet lines carrying the explosive mixture, attachment of explosion pressure-recording devices,
and spark plugs for ignition. The explosive mixture is to be prepared by auxiliary equipment capable of maintaining
predetermined concentrations of the mixture.
30B INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 MARCH 25,1996

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MARCH 25,1996 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 31

14.9.1 The gases and test range used in the explosion tests are to be as specified in Table 14.3.
*14.9.1 added March 25, 1996*

Table 14.3
Gases for tests

Devices for use in Class I, Group I Gas to be used Test range, percent by volume in air

Acetylene 5-20

Hydrogen 15-35

Ethylene 4-9

Propane 3-7

Table 14.3 added March 25, 1996*

14.10 If lengths of conduit are required to be connected to a device for the explosion tests (see 14.14), the conduit is
to be used for inlet or outlet connection to the line carrying the explosive mixture. A spark plug is to be located in the
conduit length approximately 4 inches (102 mm) from the outer end.

14.11 If a device is intended to be provided with a metallic paint or other noninsulating coating on a threaded joint
surface or on a threaded conduit opening, the explosion tests are also to be conducted on a sample provided with such
coating. See Exception No. 2 of 12.3(a).

14.12 The explosive mixture is to be allowed to flow into the enclosure being subjected to explosion tests and into the
test chamber until all of the original air has been displaced. Samples are to be taken for analysis from the test chamber,
within the device enclosure, and the lines carrying the explosive mixture. The mixture within the enclosure being
subjected to tests is then to be ignited either by arcs produced by operation of the electrical mechanism or by a spark
Plug.

14.13 A series of at least ten tests is to be conducted over the flammable range on each device. An enclosure having
a venting section is to be subjected to an additional series of ten explosion tests with 75 percent of the venting area
sealed.

14.14 A device is to be tested with lengths of conduit as specified in Table 14.4 if:

a) It has no current-interrupting contacts, or has all current-interrupting contacts hermetically sealed (see
14.25) against the entrance of gases or vapors or immersed in oil; and

b) It is intended for connection to 1-1/2-inch (38.1 mm) and smaller trade sizes of conduit.

Exception: A device intended to have sealing fittings attached need not be tested with lengths of conduit if it is marked
in accordance with 54.16.
*14.14 revised March 25. 1996*

Table 14.1
Lengths of rigid metal conduit for explosion tests

Table 14.1 renumbered Table 14.4 March 25. 1996*

32 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 MARCH 25,1996

Table 14.4
Lengths of rigid metal conduit for explosion tests

I Class I hazardous location Groups I Trade size of conduit, inch (rnrn OD) I Conduit length

Less than 2 (60.3) 5, 10, and 15 feet

(1 5,3.0, and 4.6 m)

Less than 2 (60.3) 2 feet (0.6 m)

Table 14.1 renumbered Table 14.4 March 25, 1996*

14.15 A device having a factory-installed conduit seal shall be subjected to explosion tests on each side of the seal.
Lengths of conduit, as specified in Table 14.5, are to be connected to the conduit side of the seal.

Exception: Explosion tests on the conduit side of the seal need not be conducted if the device is:

a) Intended for use in Group C or D locations, and

b) Subjected to the hydrostatic test required by the Exception to 15.2.

* I 4.15 revised March 25, 1996*

Table 14.2
Lengths of rigid metal conduit for explosion tests on conduit seals

Table 14.2 renumbered Table 14.5 March 25, 1996*

Table 14.5
Lengths of rigid metal conduit
for explosion tests on conduit seals

I Class I hazardous location Groups I Trade size of conduit, inch (rnrn OD) I Conduit length

A, B, C All 5, 10, and 15 feet

(1 5,3.0 and 4.6 m)

D Less than 2 (60.3) 2 feet (0.6 m)

D 2 or over (60.3) 5, 10, and 15 feet

(1 5,3.0, and 4.6 m)

Table 14.2 renumbered Table 14.5 March 25, 1996*

14.16 Any gaskets provided in addition to the required joints are to be removed for the explosion tests

14.17 Any potting compound, except as used for factory-installed lead wire seals, coil encapsulation, or coil insulation,
is to be removed for the explosion tests.

14.18 If a sealing material is applied to a joint surface in accordance with the exception to 12.3, explosion tests are to
be conducted both with and without the sealing material in place.
MARCH 25,1996 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 32A

14.19 A device for Class I, Group A or B locations, or both, that has flat or rabbet type joints shall be tested with the
metal-to-metal joints reduced to 75 percent of the total joint width and the joints shimmed to give a clearance of 50
percent more than the clearance to be used.

14.20 A device for Class I, Group A or B locations, or both, that has threaded joints shall be tested with a threaded
engagement of 75 percent of the total number of engaging threads to be used, and the lateral clearance at the threaded
joints shall be the maximum obtainable in production devices, including maximum manufacturing tolerances.

14.21 A device for Class I, Group A or B locations, or both, that has a free internal volume greater than 30 cubic inches
and has a shaft passing through the enclosure shall be tested with the metal-to-metal shaft path reduced to 75 percent
of the total path length.

14.22 A device for Class I, Group C or D locations that has threaded joints consisting of single-start threads other than
American National Standard or International Organization For Standardization (ISO) metric screw threads, or multiple-
start threads of any type, shall be tested with a threaded engagement of 75 percent of the total number of engaged
threads to be used in production devices.

14.23 A device with a labyrinth joint is to be tested with the joint reduced to 75 percent of the total joint width and the
joint clearance increased by 50 percent.

14.24 A threaded polymeric-to-polymeric joint is to be tested with a thread engagement of 75 percent of the total
number of engaging threads to be used.

14.24.1 A device as specified in 7.2.1.3 shall be:

a) Tested with the diametrical clearance of the shaft path increased by 50 percent if the device is intended for
use in Class I, Group A or B locations, and

b) Subjected to five explosion tests in addition to those specified elsewhere in this section using the explosive
mixture specified in Table 14.6

*14.24.1 added March 25, 1996*

Table 14.6
Explosive test mixture for additional tests on
enclosure with free internal volume of
6.1 cubic inches (100 cm3) or less

Enclosure for Class I hazardous location Group I Explosive text mixture

Acetylene, 7.5 11 percent

Hydrogen, 27 I 1 percent

Hydrogen, 37 11 percent

Hydrogen, 55 11 percent

Table 14.6 added March 25, 1996*

32B INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 MARCH 25,1996

No Text on This Page

MARCH 25,1996 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 33

14.25 With reference to 14.14, a hermetically sealed construction is one in which the seal is made by fusion such as
soldering, welding, or brazing, or the fusion of glass to metal.

15 Hydrostatic Pressure Test

15.1 The enclosure shall withstand for 1 minute, without rupture or permanent distortion, a hydrostatic test pressure
based on the maximum internal explosion pressure developed during the explosion tests, except that the hydrostatic
pressure test may be omitted if calculations indicate an acceptable factor of safety based on the maximum internal
explosion pressure. The safety factor shall be as specified in Table 15.1.

15.2 Aconduit seal in a factory-sealed device shall withstand for 1 minute, without rupture or permanent distortion, a
hydrostatictest pressure of four times the maximum explosion pressure obtained on each side of the seal. If excessive
leakage results in the inability of the test apparatus to maintain the required pressure in a test of a seal for 2 inch
(60.3 mm outside diameter) or larger trade-size conduit with wires sealed in place, a device with a seal but without wires
may be used.

Exception: A device having a täctory-installed conduit seal that is not subjected to explosion tests on the conduit side
of the seal as described in the exception to 14.15 shall withstand without rupture or permanent distortion the applicable
hydrostatic test pressure specified in Table 15.2.
34 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 JUNE 22,1995

Table 15.1
Safety factors for determining
the strength of an enclosure

Enclosure material of part Safety factor for calculations Safety factor for hydrostatic pressure tests

Cast metal 5 4

Fabricated steel 4 3a

Bolt 3 3

Table 15.2
Hydrostatic pressure for
factory-installed conduit seals

Required hydrostatic pressure, pounds per square inch gauge (kpa) for hazardous
locations, Class I, Groups -
Conduit trade-size
Inches (mm OD) C I D

112 (21.3) 1200 (8300) 600 (4140)

314 (26.7) 1200 (8300) 600 (4140)

1 (33.4) 1200 (8300) 600 (4140)

1-114 (42.2) 1200 (8300) 600 (4140)

1-112 (48.3) 1200 (8300) 600 (4140)

2 (60.3) 1200 (8300) 600 (4140)

2-112 (73.0) 1200 (8300) 600 (4140)

3 (88.9) - 600 (4140)

3-112 (101.6) - 600 (4140)

4 (114.3) - 600 (4140)

15.3 The hydrostatic test pressure for an enclosure with a venting section is to be based on the maximum explosion
pressure obtained with 75 percent of the vented section sealed.

15.4 The hydrostatic pressure is to be gradually increased until the required internal pressure is reached. Gaskets or
other means may be used if necessary to prevent leakage of water during application of pressure.

16 Leakage Test on Factory-Installed Conduit Seals

16.1 Afactory-installed conduit seal shall not permit the passage of more than 0.007 cubic foot (0.2 dm3) of air per hour
at a pressure of 6 inches (152 mm) of water.

16.2 The test is to be conducted with wires sealed in place, using the maximum number and size of wires and wire
insulation for which the seal is intended.
JUNE 22,1995 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 35

17 Rust-Resistance Test

17.1 An enclosure of ferrous metal other than stainless steel shall show no visible rust at the conclusion of the test
specified in 17.2.

Exception No. I : Locations where protection is impractical, such as sliding surfaces of hinges, need not comply with
the requirement in 17.I .

Exception No. 2: Joint surfaces, conduit threads, shafts, and the like, need not comply with the requirements in 17.I .

17.2 The enclosure or representative parts of the enclosure are to be subjected to a salt spray (fog) using the test
method in the Standard Test Method of Salt Spray (Fog) Testing, ASTM B117-1994, and employing a 5 percent by
weight salt solution for 24 hours. At the end of the test, the specimens are to be removed from the chamber, washed
in clean running water not warmer than I O O E (37.8EC) to remove all salt deposits from the surface, and dried
immediately. Corrosion products may be removed by light brushing if required to observe corrosion of the underlying
surface.

18 Thermal-Shock Test on Glass Parts

18.1 A glass part of a device shall withstand, without cracking or breaking, the application of a cloth saturated with IOEC
( 5 0 E ) water when the device reaches equilibrium temperatures at rated load in a 40EC (10 4 E ) ambient.

18.2 The test is to be performed five times and in each case, the device is to be allowed to attain equilibrium
temperatures before applying the wet cloth. The quantity of water involved is to be sufficient to wet the surface
completely.

19 Secureness Test on Conduit Hubs

19.1 A conduit hub not integrally cast with a metal enclosure shall withstand the specified torque applied to a short
length of threaded rigid metal conduit threaded into the hub of the enclosure in the intended manner, without turning
in the enclosure and without stripping of any threads. The applied torque is to be 800 pound-inches (90 Nem) for 1/2-
and 3/4-inch sizes, 1000 poundinches (113 N*m)for I - , 1-1/4-, and 1-1/2-inch sizes, and 1600 pound-inches (181 Nem)
for 2-inch and larger sizes.

20 Tests on Joint Gaskets

20.1 A gasket in a metal-to-glassjoint shall be subjected to tests to determine the effects of solvent vapors, heat, aging,
compression, distortion under conditions of use, and cold flow or creep if of the elastomeric or thermoplastic type.

20.2 The means of securing the gasket to the cover or enclosure, the gasket construction, and the gasket material are
to be considered in determining the tests to be conducted.

21 Electrical-Resistance Test

21.1 Grounding-continuity of cord-connected devices

21 . I . I The resistance of the grounding path between the terminal for connection of the grounding conductor of the
power-supply cord and dead metal parts of a portable device required to be bonded in accordance with 10.2.5.1 shall
not exceed 0.1 ohm.
36 UL 698 DECEMBER 23,1996

21. I .2 The resistance is to be determined by any convenient method except that if unacceptable results are recorded,
either a direct- or alternating-current of 15 amperes is to be passed from the grounding terminal to all dead metal parts
required to be bonded in accordance with 10.2.5.1,and the resulting drop in potential is to be measured between these
two points. The resistance in ohms is to be determined by dividing the drop in potential in volts by the current in amperes
passing between the two points.

21.2 Devices having coated threaded joint surfaces or conduit openings

21.2.1 The resistance of the grounding path at threaded joint surfaces or a threaded conduit opening on which a
metallic paint or noninsulating coating has been applied shall not exceed 0.003 ohm.

21.2.2 A direct- or alternating-current of 50 amperes is to be passed between the two points specified in 21.2.3, and
the resulting drop in potential is to be measured between these points. The resistance in ohms is to be determined by
dividing the drop in potential in volts by the current in amperes passing between the two points.

21.2.3 For threaded joint surfaces, the voltage drop is to be measured between two points, one on each of the two parts
of the device that comprise the joint. For a conduit opening, the voltage drop is to be measured between two points, one
on the device adjacent to the opening and the other on a length of conduit connected to the opening, and located
1/16 inch (1.6 mm) from the device.

22 Accelerated-Aging Test on Bushings

22.1 A molded-rubber or -neoprene bushing provided at the cord entrance to the terminal enclosure of a portable
device shall be exposed in an air oven for 70 hours at IOOEC 12Ec ( 2 1 2 E 13.6E). The bushing shall not have a
change in hardness of more than five numbers.
*22.1 revised December 23, 1996*

22.2 When possible, the complete molded-rubber or -neoprene bushing is to be tested. The hardness of the rubber
or neoprene is to be determined as the average of five readings with a gauge such as a Rex hardness gauge or Shore
durometer. The bushing is then to be exposed in an air oven for 70 hours at IOOEC 12Ec ( 2 1 2 E 13.6E).
*22.2 revised December 23, 1996*

22.3 Deleted December 23, 1996

22.4 The bushing or specimen is to be removed from the oven and then cooled at room temperature for at least 4
hours. The hardness is to be determined again as the average of five readings. The difference between the original
average hardness reading and the average reading taken after exposure to in an air oven is the change in hardness.
*22.4 revised December 23, 1996*
JUNE 22,1995 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 37

23 Strain-Relief Test

23.1 The strain-relief of a cord-connected device shall be subjected for 1 minute to a direct pull as described in 23.2.
There shall be no strain at the cord conductor connections or damage to the cord.

23.2 With the flexible cord connected to the device as intended in service, the cord clamp of the device is to be held
firmly and a gradual pull is to be applied to the cord extension by means of a pulley and weights. The applied force is
to be:

a) 150 pounds (667 N) for a device rated 30 amperes or less, and

b) 300 pounds (1334 N) for a device rated more than 30 amperes.

24 Rough-Usage Test

24.1 A portable device not provided with a base or stand shall be subjected to a rough-usage test. The device, the
terminal enclosure, and the cord clamp shall not be impaired nor shall threaded engagements be loosened.

24.2 The portable device is to be suspended in a vertical position, with cord clamp up, by means of flexible cord
installed as intended. At a point 3 feet (0.91 m) from the cord clamp, the flexible cord is to be fastened to a screw eye
secured to a solidly mounted vertical board, 2 inches (50.8 mm) thick. The free end of the device is to be pulled away
from the board and then allowed to swing back against the board (or against a wooden block secured to the board) for
9000 times at a rate of approximately 50 times per minute, the horizontal swing distance being approximately 6 inches
(152 mm).

24.3 Following the test, the device shall withstand for 1 minute, without breakdown, the application of a 60-hertz
essentially sinusoidal potential of 1000 volts plus twice maximum rated voltage. The potential is to be applied between
live parts and dead metal parts of the device.

25 DropTest

25.1 A portable device shall be subjected to a drop test in which the device is dropped to a concrete floor ten times from
a height of 3 feet (0.91 m). There shall be no loosening of the assembly or damage to parts.

25.2 For the first drops, the device is to be allowed to fall freely in a manner that would normally be the case if the
device were to fall from a horizontal surface to the floor. In the remaining five drops, the device is to be held at various
angles 3 feet (0.91 m) above the concrete floor and dropped.

PART II - CLASS I, GROUPS A, B, C, AND D OIL-IMMERSED TYPE

CONSTRUCTION

26 General

26.1 A device for use in Class I, Groups A, B, C, and D hazardous locations is considered to be of the oil-immersed
type if no electrical connections, joints, terminals, or arcing parts are located above the normal oil level. An oil-immersed
device not within these limitations is to be judged under the requirements for an air-break type device.
38 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 JUNE 22,1995

27 Enclosure

27.1 The assembly and all electrical connections shall be encased in a metal enclosure constructed so that sparks
cannot be produced above the oil. In general, mechanical and soldered connections or joints above the oil will not
comply with this requirement.

27.2 An enclosure having a construction complying with requirements for ordinary location industrial control equipment
may be used if the enclosure has the strength and rigidity necessary to resist abuses to which it is likely to be subjected
without resulting in reduction of spacings, loosening or displacement of parts, or other serious defects.

28 OilLevel

28.1 The device shall be constructed so that all electrical connections, terminals, and arcing parts are immersed to a
depth of at least 6 inches (152 mm) below the normal oil level.

Exception: An auxiliary device for use only in a control circuit and having an oil immersion of at least 2 inches
(50.8 mm) will be accepted for test.

28.2 An oil-immersed device shall be provided with a visible oil-level indicator, marked as specified in 54.9.

28.3 If a drain hole is used, it shall be provided with a tight-fitting pipe plug engaging at least five full threads.

28.4 An oil-immersed device having an oil-tight fuse (also immersed) will be accepted for tests. In addition to the tests
specified in Sections 29 - 31, a device having a fuse shall also be subjected to overload and short-circuit tests.

PERFORMANCE

29 Temperature Test

29.1 A device shall be subjected to a temperature test to determine the maximum temperatures on the external
surfaces or other surface that may be exposed to the gas- or vapor-air mixtures. The temperatures shall be based on
the ambient specified in 13.2.

30 Explosion Tests

30.1 The tests on an oil-immersed device shall be conducted using the oil specified by the device manufacturer. Except
as indicated in 30.2, the oil level is to be reduced 2 inches (50.8 mm) below the normal level.

30.2 In the case of an auxiliary device with a 2-inch (50.8-mm) minimum oil depth, the tests are to be conducted with
the oil level reduced 1 inch (25.4 mm) below the minimum shown by the oil-level indicator.

30.3 The device shall be subjected to a series of operational tests with flammable gas- or vapor-air mixtures introduced
above the oil.

30.4 Tests covering electrical characteristics of an oil-immersed device are the same as those applying to an air-break
device.
JUNE 22,1995 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 39

31 Rust-Resistance Test

31 . I An enclosure of ferrous metal other than stainless steel shall comply with the requirements in Section 17.

PART 111 - CLASS II, GROUPS E, F, AND G

CONSTRUCTION

32 Enclosure

32.1 General

32.1. I The enclosure shall prevent the entrance of dust. See Dust-Penetration Test, Section 40.

32.2 Enclosure material

32.2.1 The enclosure housing the electrical components shall be made of iron, steel, copper, brass, bronze, aluminum
or its alloys containing not less than 80 percent aluminum, or rigid polymeric material. Materials not acceptable are:

a) Metals such as zinc or magnesium, or their alloys; and

b) Polymerics such as nitrocellulose-base material, pyroxylin, or cellulose acetate.

32.2.2 Among the factors that are taken into consideration when determining the acceptability of a polymeric enclosure
are:

a) Mechanical strength,

b) Resistance to impact,

c) Moisture-absorptive properties,

d) Resistance to fungus,

e) Combustibility,

f) Resistance to the accumul tion of electr static harges, and

g) Resistance to distortion and creep at temperatures to which the material may be subjected under all
conditions of use.

All of these factors are to be considered with respect to thermal aging. See Part II of Supplement A.
40 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 JUNE 22,1995

Table 32.1
Thickness of viewing or
Iight-t ransmission parts

Maximum length in any direction, Maximum exposed area, Minimum thickness,

inches (mm) square inches (cm2’ inches (mm)

4 (101.6) 16 (103.2) 0.125 (3.18)

12 (304.8) 144 (928.9) 0.187 (4.75)

32.2.3 An enclosure made of a rigid polymeric material shall have mechanical strength and durability equivalent to a
comparable metal enclosure. The enclosure shall be formed so that operating parts will be protected against damage,
and shall resist the abuses likely to be encountered during installation and normal use and service.

32.2.4 If a polymeric enclosure is utilized as an insulating material in connection with a live part, the polymeric material
shall be an acceptable insulator.

32.2.5 A polymeric enclosure shall be provided with means for maintaining continuity of the grounding system between
grounded rigid metal conduit and dead metal parts within the enclosure that are likely to become energized, without
relying on the dimensional stability of the polymeric material.

32.2.6 A part for viewing or light transmission shall be of glass or similar rigid material. A substitute for glass shall:

a) Withstand the maximum temperature of the equipment,

b) Have the necessary mechanical strength and stability, and

c) Not be capable of accumulating an electrostatic charge sufficient to arc to a grounded probe.

32.3 Enclosure thickness

32.3.1 Except as indicated in 5.3 and 5.4, the minimum thickness of metal enclosure walls shall not be less than
specified in Table 5.1.

32.3.2 The minimum thickness of polymeric enclosures walls shall not be less than specified for cast iron or aluminum
in Table 5.1.

32.3.3 A machined or threaded joint in the walls of a cast-metal enclosure shall have at least the thickness specified
in Table 5.1 through the overlap.

32.3.4 The thickness of a viewing or light-transmission part shall not be less than specified in Table 32.1.
JUNE 22,1995 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 41

33 Joints in Enclosures

33.1 The joints in the enclosure shall be of the metal-to-metal, metal-to-glass, metal-to-polymeric, polymeric-to-
polymeric, or polymeric-to-glass type. See 6.1. I regarding the roughness of joint surfaces.

Exception: A glass part, such as a pilot light lens, may be sealed with a sealing compound that is resistant to moisture
and aging and complies with the other test requirements in this standard without loosening or cracking. The length of
compound seal shall not be less than the minimum length of joint required for an unsealed joint, or 5/8 inch (15.9 mm),
whichever is less. The sealing compound shall not be relied upon for mechanical security of the joint.

33.2 A sealing material applied to a joint surface in accordance with exception No. 2 to 39.3 shall not increase the
maximum clearance between the joint surfaces beyond that required.

33.3 The width of joint measured from the inside of the enclosure to the outside shall not be less than 3/16 inch
(4.8 mm). The clearance at the joint shall not be more than 0.002 inch (0.05 mm) for a 3/16-inch wide joint and not
more than 0.003 inch (0.08 mm) for a 1/4-inch (6.4-mm) wide joint. These specified widths shall be provided between
the inside of the enclosure and the nearest edge of each bolt hole and elsewhere.

33.4 A threaded joint shall consist of at least three threads fully engaged. A screw shall not have more than 32 threads
per inch.

33.5 If a gasket is used in a joint, it shall be formed of polytetrafluoroethylene, plant-fiber sheet-packing material, or
a material having similar characteristics. The gasket material shall be mechanically attached and protected from abuse.
The width of gasket contact shall not be less than 3/16 inch (4.8 mm) at all points around the joint.

Exception: The gasket may be attached by an adhesive or cement if aging tests on the construction show that the
means of attachment does not deteriorate.

33.6 If a gasket of polytetrafluoroethyleneis used, it shall be installed to reduce the likelihood of cold flow of the gasket
material.

33.7 A material that upon aging readily hardens or adheres to joint surfaces, or both, is not an acceptable gasket
material.

34 Shaft Openings

34.1 General

34.1. I A shaft opening in an enclosure shall be of the metal-to-metaltype or metal-to-polymeric type. See 6.1 regarding
the roughness of surfaces forming the shaft path.
42 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 MARCH 15,1999

34.2 Nonrotating shafts and shafts rotating at a speed of less than 100 RPM

34.2.1 A shaft opening shall have a length of path of not less than 1/2 inch (12.7 mm). The diametrical clearance
between the shaft and shaft opening shall not be more than 0.005 inch (0.13 mm) for a 1/2-inch length of path, not more
than 0.008 inch (0.2 mm) for a I-inch (25.4-mm) length of path, and not more than 0.01 1 inch (0.28 mm) for a 1-1/2-
inch (38.1-mm) length of path, with intermediate values proportional.

Exception No. I: An opening for a shaft that is centered in the opening by bearings or an equivalent construction that
prevents contact between the shaft and the shaft opening need not comply with these requirements if it complies with
the requirements in 34.3. I - 34.3.3.

Exception No. 2: A device for use in Class II, Groups F and G locations may have a longer path and greater clearances
if the construction complies with the Dust-Penetration Test, Section 40.

34.3 Shafts rotating at a speed of 100 RPM or more

34.3.1 An outer shaft opening shall have a length of path of not less than 1/2 inch (12.7 mm). The diametrical clearance
between the shaft and shaft opening shall not be more than 0.010 inch (0.25 mm) for a 1/2-inch length of path, not more
than 0.016 inch (0.4 mm) for a I-inch (25.4-mm) length of path, and not more than 0.022 inch (0.56 mm) for a 1-1/2-
inch (38.1-mm) length of path, with intermediate values proportional. See Figure 34.1.

Exception: A device provided with an inner shaft opening complying with the dimensions specified in 7.2.I - 7.3.5.2
may have a shorter length of path and greater clearance at the outer shaft opening if the construction complies with
the Dust-Penetration Test, Section 40.

Figure 34.1
Shaft openings

BALL BEARING OR
SLEEVE BEARIN

S2890B A - INNER SHAFT OPENING

B - OUTER SHAFT OPENING

*Figure 34.1 revised March 15, 1999*

MARCH 15,1999 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 43

34.3.2 The dimensions of a shaft opening in an enclosure shall be such as to prevent the entry of dust into the bearings
and the enclosure, as determined by visual examination following the Dust-Penetration Test, Section 40.

34.3.3 With reference to the requirement in 34.3.2, a revolving seal or slinger forming an additional labyrinth path at
the shaft opening is generally required for a device for use in Class II, Group E locations to prevent the entry of metal
dust into the bearing. A revolving seal employed to prevent entrance of dust shall be constructed of metal or acceptable
nonmetallic material.

34.3.4 If grooves are machined in the shaft path, the measurements shall be made overall without addition or
subtraction of the grooves.

35 Holes in Enclosures

35.1 Except as indicated in 35.4, a hole in an enclosure for securing a mechanism:

a) Shall be bottomed,

b) Shall be closed by welding of the part in place, or

c) The screws securing the part shall engage at least three full threads and be secured against removal. If a
self-tapping screw is used, it shall have a minimum of three full threads engaged when seated. A screw shall
not have more than 32 threads per inch.

35.2 A metal pin or a part press-fitted through the wall of an enclosure shall engage for at least 3/16 inch (4.8 mm).
Such a part shall be secured against removal by welding, peening, or the equivalent.

35.3 Unless attachment complies with the requirements in 35.1 or 35.2, holes in the enclosure for attachment of a
nameplate shall be bottomed. The remaining thickness at the bottomed hole shall not be less than 1/16 inch (1.6 mm).

35.4 An open-type auxiliary device for use in a motor-control circuit (such as a pilot light, selector switch, or pushbutton)
complying with the requirements in 35.5, threaded into an enclosure, or a closure plug threaded into an opening in an
enclosure for such an auxiliary device, need not be secured against removal.

35.5 An open-type auxiliary device shall close the opening into which it threads in a manner complying with the
requirements in this standard when installed in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions.

35.6 A tapped hole shall not be provided in a sintered-metal part employed as a venting section of an enclosure.

36 Drain and Breather Fittings in Enclosures

36.1 If provided, a drain fitting shall:

a) Drain a liquid from the enclosure without removal of any part of the fitting,

b) Be located or protected to prevent damage to the fitting, and

c) Be permanently attached to the enclosure

Exception: A drain or breather fitting need not be permanently attached if it is installed in an opening acceptable for
the attachment of conduit. See 37. I.I.I - 37. I.1.8.
44 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 JUNE 22,1995

36.2 The metal-to-metal joint between a drain fitting and the enclosure shall comply with the requirements specified
for joints in the enclosure.

36.3 A drain fitting shall prevent the entrance of dust to the inside of the enclosure.

36.4 A breather fitting shall comply with the applicable requirements in 36.1 - 36.3.

37 Supply Connections

37.1 Stationary equipment

37.1 . I General

37.1 . I . I Each device shall have provision for connection to threaded rigid metal conduit or other wiring methods in
accordance with Article 502 in the National Electrical Code. NFPA 70-1993.

Exception: This requirement does not apply to an open-type auxiliary device for use in a motor-control circuit (such
as a pilot light, selector switch, or pushbutton) that:

a) Is intended to thread into an enclosure and close the opening into which it threads, and

b) Complies with the requirements in 35.5.

*37.1. I . I effective June 22, 1995*

37.1. I .2 If the threads for the connection of conduit are tapped all the way through a hole in an enclosure wall, there
shall be not less than 3-1/2 full threads and not more than specified in Table 10.2.
*37.1. I .2 deleted effective July 1, 1997*

37.1. I .3 A conduit opening shall be provided with at least 3-1/2 threads

*37.1. I .3 effective July 1, 1997*

37.1. I .4 Each conduit opening shall be provided with:

a) A smooth and well-rounded integral conduit stop, having a throat or inner diameter as specified in Table
10.1,

b) A smooth and well-rounded inner end as shown in Figure 10.1, or

c) Threads not exceeding the maximum number specified in Table 10.2 for the conduit size.

Exception: The opening need not comply with this requirement if instructions are provided in accordance with 54.15.
*37.1. I .4 effective July 1, 1997*
JUNE 22,1995 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 45

37.1. I .5 If an integral conduit stop is provided, it shall be smooth and well-rounded, having a throat or inner diameter
as specified in Table 10.1,
*37.1. I .5 effective June 22. 1995*

37.1. I .6 if an integral conduit stop is provided in a conduit opening, the threads may be of the straight type or tapered
3/4 inch per foot (62.5 mm/m).
*37.1. I .6effective June 22. 1995*

37.1.1.7 If an integral conduit stop is not provided in a conduit opening, the threads shall be tapered 3/4 inch per foot
(62.5 mm/m).
*37.1. I .7 effective June 22. 1995*

37.1. I .8 All openings for connection to conduit, except those necessary for installation, shall be furnished with metal
plugs engaging at least three full threads.
*37.1. I .8effective June 22. 1995*

37.1. I .9 A conduit hub not integrally cast with an enclosure shall:

a) Have a wall thickness before threading not less than that of the corresponding trade-size conduit,

b) Not depend upon friction alone to prevent it from turning, and

c) Comply with the Secureness Test on Conduit Hubs, Section 19.

*37.1. I .9 effective June 22, 1995*

37.1.2 Conduit seals

37.1.2.1 A factory-installed conduit seal incorporated as part of the device shall:

a) Comply with the applicable requirements in 10.1.2.2, 10.1.2.3, and 43.1; and

b) Be marked in accordance with 54.10.

37.2 Cord-connected equipment

37.2.1 General

37.2.1.1 A cord-connected device shall comply with the requirements in 10.2.1.1 - 10.2.1.5 and 37.2.2.1 - 37.2.5.1.

37.2.2 Terminal enclosure

37.2.2.1 If each terminal is of a type that permits turning of a screw end, a head (wire-binding screw), or a nut in contact
with strands of the cord conductor, the terminal enclosure shall:

a) Prevent the entrance of dust, and

b) Have joints in accordance with the requirements in 33.1 - 33.7.

46 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 JUNE 22,1995

37.2.2.2 Metal or rigid polymeric parts of the terminal enclosure shall have a minimum thickness as specified in Table
5.1 and in 32.3.2.

37.2.2.3 If each terminal is of a type that provides a spacing of at least 3/16 inch (4.8 mm) (shortest distance) between
terminals, is insulated, and does not have a screw end, a head (wire-binding screw) or a nut in contact with strands of
the cord conductor, the terminals shall be enclosed, but the dust-ignition-proof construction specified in 37.2.2.1 need
not be provided. The entrance for the power-supply cord may be closed with a molded-rubber or -neoprene bushing
complying with the requirements in 22.1 and 22.2.

37.2.3 Packing gland

37.2.3.1 A packing gland (stuffing box) complying with the requirements in 10.2.3.2 - 10.2.3.5 shall be provided at the
cord entrance to a terminal enclosure that is constructed as described in 37.2.2.1.

37.2.4 Cord clamp

37.2.4.1 A cord-connected device shall be provided with a positive mechanical cord clamp complying with the
requirements in 10.2.4.1 and 10.2.4.2.

37.2.5 Bonding

37.2.5.1 A cord-connected device shall comply with the bonding requirements in 10.2.5.1 - 10.2.5.6 and Grounding-
Continuity Test, Section 21.

38 Protection Against Corrosion

38.1 Corrosion protection shall comply with the requirements in 11. I , 11.2, and 38.2.

38.2 A joint surface against which a gasket bears may be provided with a thin and uniform baked-enamel coating if
aging and compression tests show that the enamel does not adhere to the gasket material and does not flake or peel
off the joint surface.

39 Materials Applied to Joint Surfaces

39.1 A corrosion inhibiting grease, such as petrolatum or soap-thickened mineral oils, may be applied to the metal joint
surfaces before assembly.

39.2 The grease shall be of a type that does not:

a) Harden because of aging,

b) Contain an evaporating solvent, and

c) Cause corrosion.
JUNE 22,1995 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 47

39.3 Paint or a sealing material shall not be applied to the contacting surfaces of a joint.

Exception No. I : A baked-enamel coating that complies with the requirements in 38.2 may be Provided.

Exception No. 2: A sealing material may be applied to the contacting surfaces of a joint that is not intended to be and
need not be opened to install or service the equipment if the application of the material complies with 33.2 and 40. IO.

Exception No. 3: A metallic paint or other noninsulating coating may be applied to a threadedjoint surface or a threaded
conduit opening if the joint surface or opening, with the paint or coating applied, complies with the requirements in
21.2. I - 21.2.3.

PERFORMANCE

40 Dust-Penetration Test

40.1 A device shall be subjected to the test described in 40.2 - 40.9. There shall be no entrance of dust into the
enclosure.

40.2 Grain dust consisting of wheat or corn dust, or both, that has passed through a U.S.A. Standard 150 micron (100
mesh) wire cloth is to be used for the dust-air atmosphere if the device is for Class II, Group F, Group G, or Groups F
and G locations.

40.3 Magnesium dust, all of which has passed through a U.S.A. Standard 250 micron (60 mesh) wire cloth, 66 percent
of which has passed through a 150 micron (100 mesh) wire cloth, and 22 percent of which has passed through a 75
micron (200 mesh) wire cloth, is to be used for the dust-air atmosphere if the device is for Class II, Group E locations.

40.4 The wire cloth specified in 40.2 and 40.3 is to conform to the dimensional requirements of Standard Specification
for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Purposes, ASTM E I 1-87.

40.5 If a device is intended for Class II, Group E, Groups E and F, or Groups E, F, and G locations, the tests are to be
conducted with magnesium dust. If a device is intended for Class II, Group F, Group G, or Groups F and G locations,
the tests are to be contacted with grain dust.

40.6 The device is to be operated at full-rated load or equivalent heating during the test.

40.7 The device is to be installed in a test chamber of a size sufficient to prevent other than normal heating of the device
and to permit free circulation of dust-air mixtures around the device. The test chamber is to be provided with a cover
and with dust-air-inlet and -outlet connections. The device is to be exposed to the circulating dust-air atmosphere that
is to be produced by auxiliary apparatus and introduced into the test chamber.

40.8 The test is to be conducted at an ambient temperature of 10 - 40EC (50 - 104E) and a relative humidity of
40 - 60 percent.

40.9 The device is to be operated until equilibrium temperatures are attained, and is then to be allowed to cool to
ambient (room) temperature. The test is to be continued for at least six such heating and cooling cycles, covering at
least 30 hours, while the device is continuously exposed to the circulating dust-air atmosphere.

40.10 If a sealing material is applied to a joint surface in accordance with exception No. 2 to 39.3, the test is to be
conducted without the sealing material in place.
48 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 JUNE 22,1995

41 Temperature Test with Dust Blanket

41 . I This test is to be conducted as described for the Dust Penetration Test, Section 40, except that the recirculating
dust nozzles are to be positioned so that the dust is not blown directly on the device under test. During this test, the dust
in contact with the enclosure shall not ignite or discolor from heat, and the exterior temperatures based on a 40EC
(104E) ambient shall not exceed the temperatures specified in Table 41.1 for the dust-air atmospheres under
consideration. Temperature tests are to be conducted with the device operated at full-rated load, or equivalent heating,
until equilibrium temperatures are attained. For equipment subject to overloading, such as motors or power
transformers, temperature tests are also to be conducted with the equipment operated under abnormal conditions.

41.2 If a device is intended for Class II, Group G, Groups F and G, or Groups E, F, and G locations, the tests are to be
conducted with grain dust. If the device is intended for Class II, Group E locations only, the tests are to be conducted
with magnesium dust. See 40.2 and 40.3 for a description of each dust.

Table 41 . I
Maximum external surface temperatures

Equipment subject to overloading (such as motors or power

transformers)

Equipment for Equipment not subject to overloading Normal operation Abnormal operation
use in Class II
Group EC EF EC EF EC EF

E 200 392 200 392 200 392

F 200 392 150 302 200 392

G 165 329 120 248 165 329

41.3 The exterior surface temperatures of a device intended for use where Class I and Class II conditions may exist
simultaneously shall not exceed:

a) 165EC (329E) for a device for Class I and Class II, Group G, Groups Fand G, or Groups E, F, and G; or

b) 200EC (392E) for a device for Class I and Class II, Group E, Group F, or Groups E and F.

42 Oil-Breakdown Test

42.1 A device employing oil shall be subjected to a series of operational tests conducted at rated voltage and at full-
rated load during which samples of the atmosphere above the oil level are to be withdrawn for analytical tests. Ignitable
concentrations of gas or vapors shall not be produced.

43 Leakage Test on Factory-Installed Conduit Seals

43.1 A factory-installed conduit seal shall comply with the requirements in Section 16.
JUNE 22,1995 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 49

44 Rust-Resistance Test

44.1 An enclosure of ferrous metal other than stainless steel shall comply with the requirements in Section 17.

45 Thermal-Shock Test on Glass Parts

45.1 A glass part of a device shall comply with the requirements in Section 18.

46 Secureness Test on Conduit Hubs

46.1 A conduit hub not integrally cast with a metal enclosure shall comply with the requirement in Section 19.

47 Tests on Joint Gaskets

47.1 A gasket in the required joint shall be subjected to tests to determine the effects of heat, aging, compression,
distortion under conditions of use, and cold flow or creep if of the elastomeric or thermoplastic type.

47.2 The means of securing the gasket to the cover or enclosure, the gasket construction, and the gasket material are
to be considered in determining the tests to be conducted.

48 Electrical-Resistance Test

48.1 A cord-connected device shall comply with the requirements in Section 21 . I

49 Accelerated-Aging Test on Bushings

49.1 A molded-rubber or -neoprene bushing provided at the cord entrance to the terminal enclosure of a portable
device shall comply with the requirements in Section 22.

50 Strain-Relief Test

50.1 A portable device shall comply with the requirements in Section 23.

51 Rough-Usage Test

51 . I A portable device shall comply with the requirements in Section 24.

52 DropTest

52.1 A portable device shall comply with the requirements in Section 25.

PART IV - MANUFACTURING AND PRODUCTION TESTS

53 Bonding Test for Cord-Connected Equipment

53.1 The manufacturershall determine by a routine production-line test that the grounding member of the attachment
plug, if provided, or the grounding conductor of the supply cord is electrically connected to dead metal parts of a
portable device required to be bonded in accordance with 10.2.5.1 or 37.2.5.1.
50 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 JULY 12,1996

PART V - MARKING

54 Details

54.1 These marking requirements apply to devices covered in Parts I, II, and III of this standard.

54.2 Each device shall be marked with a metal nameplate indicating the following:

a) The manufacturer's name or trademark.

b) The device identification.

c) Electrical ratings.

d) Designation of the hazardous location in which the device is intended to be used: for example, "Class
, Group ." A device that has been investigated and found acceptable for exposure to Class
I and Class II location conditions at the same time shall be marked with the following or equivalent wording:
"Suitable for simultaneous use in Class I, Group and Class II, Group locations."

e) Ambient temperature rating, if more than 40EC (104E).

f) A cautionary statement consisting of the word "CAUTION" and the following or equivalent wording: "To
reduce the risk of ignition of hazardous atmospheres, disconnect the device from the supply circuit before
opening. Keep assembly tightly closed when in operation."

g) Maximum operating temperature or temperature code as specified in Table 54.1, if the operating
temperature exceeds IOOEC (212E). This marking is to be based on the maximum temperature attained in
the temperature tests. The operating temperature or temperature code shall be near the marking required by
(d). It shall be identified as "Operating Temperature ," or "Operating Temperature Code ," or the
equivalent.

h) For Class I location devices having an operating temperature over IOOEC (212E), a cautionary statement
consisting of the word "CAUTION" and the following or equivalent wording: "To reduce the risk of fire or
explosion, do not install where the marked operating temperature exceeds the ignition temperature of the
hazardous atmosphere(s)."

54.2.1 In addition to, or as an aiternative to, the marking requirement in 54.2(d), equipment that has been investigated
and found to comply with the requirements for Class I, Group D locations may additionally or alternatively be marked
Class I, Zone 1, Group IIA.
*54.2.1 added July 12, 1996*

54.2.2 In addition to, or as an aiternative to, the marking requirement in 54.2(d), equipment that has been investigated
and found to comply with the requirements for Class I, Group C locations may additionally or alternatively be marked
Class I, Zone 1, Group IIB.
*54.2.2 added July 12, 1996*

54.2.3 In addition to, or as an aiternative to, the marking requirement in 54.2(d), equipment that has been investigated
and found to comply with the requirements for both Class I, Group B locations may be marked Class I, Zone 1, Group
IIB plus Hydrogen.
*54.2.3 added July 12, 1996*
JULY 12,1996 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 5ûA

54.2.4 In addition to, or as an aiternative to, the marking requirement in 54.2(d), equipment that has been investigated
and found to comply with the requirements for both Class I, Group A, and Class I, Group B locations may additionally
or alternatively be marked Class I, Zone 1, Group IIC.
*54.2.4 added July 12, 1996*

54.2.5 Equipment marked Group IIB may also be marked Group IIA.
*54.2.5 added July 12, 1996%

54.2.6 Equipment marked Group IIC may also be marked Group IIA, Group IIB, or both Group IIA and Group IIB.
*54.2.6 added July 12, 1996*
50B INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 JULY 12,1996

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JUNE 22,1995 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 51

Table 54.1
Temperature marking

Maximum temperaturea

EC EF Temperature code or identification number

450 842 TI

300 572 T2

280 536 T2A

260 500 T2 B

230 446 T2C

215 419 T2D

200 392 T3

180 356 T3A

165 329 T3 B

160 320 T3C

135 275 T4

120 248 T4A

1O0 212 T5

85 185 T6

i Based on a 40Ec (104EF) or higher marked ambient

54.3 The markings specified in 54.2 shall be:

a) Permanently attached to the device,

b) Legible and prominent, and

c) Located so that they will be visible after installation of the equipment.

Exception: The marking for an open-type auxiliary device for use in a motor-control circuit (such as a pilot light, selector
switch, or pushbutton) complying with the requirement in 8.5 and intended for mounting within another enclosure, may
be on an adhesive-backed label or equivalent secured to the auxiliary device.

54.4 Unless the proper wiring connections are plainly evident, wiring terminals shall be marked, or the device shall be
provided with a wiring diagram to indicate the connections. A device requiring the use of heater elements in the
installation shall be provided with a heater table.

54.5 If a wiring diagram or heater table is necessary, each shall be secured to the device. The diagram or table may
be on a paper label if it is:

a) Located within the enclosure where it is visible and legible on opening the enclosure, and

b) Protected against mechanical damage.

52 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 JUNE 22,1995

54.6 A portable device shall be marked with instructions regarding power-supply-cord replacement. The instructions
shall include the following, or equivalent information: ?For replacement purposes, use No. AWG Type
power-supply cord only.? These instructions shall be legible and permanent in nature, and may be on a paper sticker
if located within the terminal compartment and protected against mechanical damage.

54.7 A cord-connected device employing a packing gland requiring dismantling during cord replacement shall be
marked or provided with instructions regarding its installation and replacement.

54.8 A cord-connecteddevice that is shipped without the flexible power-supply cord or the attachment fitting attached
shall be provided with instructions regarding the installation of these components. These instructions shall be:

a) Provided as a permanent part of each control device, or

b) Contained on a removable tag secured to the device.

54.9 An oil-immersed device shall be provided with a visible oil-level indicator marked with the minimum, normal, and
maximum oil levels, and shall also bear a warning marking calling attention to the necessity of maintaining the oil level
above the minimum level at all times.

54.10 A device with a factory-installed conduit seal shall be marked ?Leads factory sealed? or the equivalent. This
information shall be

a) Provided as a permanent part of each device, or

b) Contained on a paper sticker or removable tag located where it will be readily visible during installation.

54.11 A magnetic motor controller enclosure shall be marked as required by 54.2, except that in place of the electrical
ratings required by 54.2(c), the enclosure shall be marked to indicate the manufacturer, type, and ratings of the
mechanism or mechanisms for which it is intended.

54.12 Except as noted in 54.13, the marking required by 54.11 shall be on the metal nameplate.

54.13 The information covering the mechanisms for which the enclosure is intended may be on a paper label cemented
to the inside of the enclosure where it is readily visible if the nameplate bears a reference to the location of this
information; for example, ?For use only with mechanisms listed on inside of cover.?

54.14 An open-type auxiliary device as described in 8.4,8.5, 35.4, and 35.5 and in the exceptions to 10.1. I and 37.1. I . I
shall be marked with instructions indicating that the device is to be installed in a threaded opening in an enclosure, the
minimum number of threads to be engaged, and the type of threads required in the enclosure. These instructions may
be in the form of a pressure-sensitive label.
JUNE 22,1995 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 53

54.15 In accordance with the exceptions to 10.1.1.3 and 37.1.1.3, instructions to install a fitting providing a smooth,
rounded inlet hole shall be provided if a conduit opening is not:

a) Provided with a conduit stop,

b) Well-rounded, or

c) Threaded as specified in Table 10.2.

*54.15 effective July 1, 1997*

54.16 Adevice intended to have sealing fittings installed as mentioned in the exception to 14.14 shall be permanently
marked where readily visible during and after installation with the word ”WARNING” and the following or the equivalent
wording: ”To reduce the risk of ignition of hazardous atmospheres, conduit runs must have a sealing fitting connected
within 18 inches of the enclosure.”

54.17 Industrial control equipment may be marked with one or more enclosure type designations - see Enclosure
Types, Section 3.
54 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 JUNE 22,1995

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MARCH 25,1996 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 SAI

SUPPLEMENT SA - TESTS ON POLYMERIC ENCLOSURES AND SEALING COMPOUNDS

GENERAL

SAI Scope

SAI . I The requirements in Part I and Part II cover performance tests on polymeric enclosures and parts of enclosures,
including shafts, for industrial control equipment for use in hazardous (classified) locations.
*SAI . I revised March 25, 1996*

SAI .2 The requirements in Part III also cover sealing compounds used to seal parts.
*SAI .2 revised March 25, 1996*

SAI .3 These requirements are in addition to the applicable requirements in this standard.
*SAI .3revised March 25, 1996*

SAI .4 A polymeric enclosure shall also comply with the applicable requirements in the Standard for Industrial Control
Equipment, UL 508.

PART I -TESTS ON ENCLOSURES FOR CLASS I EQUIPMENT

SA2 General

SA2.1 A polymeric enclosure for Class I, Division 1 equipment shall be subjected to the tests described in Sections
SA3 - SA9.

SA2.2 In addition to the tests specified in SA2.1, the enclosure shall be evaluated for resistance to distortion and creep
at the temperatures to which the material may be subjected under the intended conditions of use in accordance with
the Standard for Polymeric Materials - Short Term Property Evaluations, UL 746A.

SA3 Explosion Tests

SA3.1 A device employing a polymeric enclosure or a polymeric enclosure part that forms a portion of an explosion-
proof joint shall be subjected to the following series of explosion tests in addition to those required by Explosion Tests,
Section 14:

a) At least ten tests on an enclosure with joints as provided in production.

b) At least 100 tests on an enclosure with joints as described in 14.23 and 14.24 or with polymeric shaft
openings as described in 7.1.

c) At least ten tests conducted at an ambient temperature of minus 35EC (minus 3 1 E ) .

d) At least ten tests on an enclosure that has been subjected to Accelerated Air-Oven Aging, Section SA6.

e) At least ten tests on selected enclosures that have been subjected to Chemical-Resistance Tests, Section
SA5.
SA2 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 MARCH 25,1996

9 For a device intended for outdoor use, at least ten tests on an enclosure that has been subjected to exposure
to ultraviolet light and water as described in Section SA9.

*SA3.1 revised March 25, 1996*

SA3.2 The test criteria and test method shall be as described in Section 14.

SA4 Hydrostatic Pressure Test

SA4.1 A polymeric enclosure shall be subjected to a hydrostatic pressure test as described in SA4.2 - SA4.4. The
enclosure shall withstand the hydrostatic pressure for 1 minute without rupture or permanent distortion.

SA4.2 The hydrostatic pressure test is to be conducted on the following samples:

a) Three as-received samples.

b) The samples that have been subjected to Chemical Resistance Tests, Section SA5.

c) The samples that have been subjected to Accelerated Air-Oven Aging, Section SA6.

d) The samples that have been subjected to the bending, torque, and pullout tests specified in the Standard
for Industrial Control Equipment, UL 508.

e) The samples that have been subjected to the impact, crushing resistance, and flammability tests specified
in the Standard for Polymeric Materials - Use in Electrical Equipment Evaluations, UL 746C.

9 For a device intended for outdoor use, the samples that have been subjected to exposure to ultraviolet light
and water as described in Section SA9.

SA4.3 The hydrostatic pressure used in the tests is to be four times the maximum explosion pressure developed in the
tests required by SA3.1 (a) or (b), whichever is higher.

SA4.4 The hydrostatic pressure is to be applied at a rate of approximately 1O0 - 600 psig (690 - 4137 kPa) per minute
until the required internal pressure is reached. Gaskets or equivalent means may be employed to prevent leakage of
water during application of pressure.

SA5 Chemical-Resistance Tests

SA5.1 A polymeric enclosure shall be subjected to the tests described in SA5.2 - SA5.9 to determine its resistance to
chemicals representative of Class I hazardous locations. Following the tests, the enclosure shall operate as intended
and comply with Joints in Enclosures, Section 6, and Shaft Openings, Section 7.
*SA51 revised March 25, 1996*

SA5.2 The values for the following physical properties are to be determined using as-received specimens and
specimens that have been subjected to chemical exposure:

a) Resistance to impact in accordance with the Standard Test Methods for Determining the Pendulum Impact
Resistance of Notched Specimens of Plastics, ASTM D256-93a.

b) Flexural properties in accordance with the Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced
and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials, ASTM D790-92.

c) Changes in weight and dimensions.

*SA52 revised March 25, 1996*

MARCH 25,1996 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 SA3

SA5.3 The physical property values after chemical exposure shall be at least 85 percent of the values determined using
as-received samples for SA5.2 (a) and (b). A material that has values of less than 85 percent but not less than 50
percent is considered acceptable if the results of explosion and hydrostatic tests conducted on the complete sample
subjected to chemical exposure are acceptable.

SA5.4 With regard to SA5.2(c), shrinkage or loss of weight that exceeds 1 percent is not acceptable. An increase in
weight or swelling is not acceptable unless the results of explosion and hydrostatic pressure tests on a complete sample
that has been subjected to chemical exposure are acceptable.

SA55 The chemicals to be used for the exposures are:

a) Acetic acid (glacial)

b) Acetone

c) Ammonium hydroxide (20 percent by weight)

d) ASTM reference fuel C

e) Benzene

f) Diethyl ether

g) Ethyl acetate

h) Ethylene dichloride

i) Furfural

j) n-Hexane

k) Methyl ethyl ketone

I) Methanol

m) 2-Nitropropane

SA5.6 Two sets of 15 specimens (five specimens each for SA5.2 (a) - (c)) are to be prepared for each chemical.
*SA56 revised March 25, 1996*

SA5.7 The specimens for SA5.2 (a) - (c) are to have the minimum enclosure thickness that will be provided in
production.

SA5.8 One set of 15 specimens is to be exposed for 168 hours to saturated vapors of the chemicals at 25EC ( 7 7 E )
and then dried in air for 24 hours. Eight cycles of exposure and drying are to be conducted for a total of 1536 hours (64
days).
*SA58 revised March 25, 1996*

SA5.9 The other set of 15 specimens and one complete enclosure sample are to be subjected to cycles of exposure
and drying as described in SA5.8 for a total of 3072 hours (128 days).
*SA59 revised March 25, 1996*
SA4 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 JUNE 22,1995

SA6 Accelerated Air-Oven Aging Test

SA6.1 A polymeric enclosure shall be subjected to single-point aging as described in SA6.2 - SA6.4. The enclosure
shall not show any visual damage that might affect the performance of the device.

SA6.2 Four complete sample enclosures are to be conditioned in an air-circulating oven at a temperature and for a
length of time determined in accordance with the following:

a) Test time:

b) Test temperature:

( In 18262.5)
T ~ T~
’ %IO[
In 2 I
in which:

D is the test time in days (see SA6.3),

TI is the maximum temperature in degrees C obtained on the enclosure in a temperature test under
normal operating conditions,

T2 is the test (oven) temperature in degrees C, and

) T i s T2 minus TI.

SA6.3 For the calculations in SA6.2 (a) and (b), either the test time (D) or the test temperature (T2) is to be selected
by the manufacturer.

SA6.4 One sample enclosure subjected to the oven conditioning is to be used for the explosion tests required by
SA3.l(c). The other three conditioned samples are to be used for the hydrostatic pressure tests required by SA4.2(c).

SA7 Test for Accumulation of Static Electricity

SA7.1 A polymeric enclosure shall be subjected to the test described in SA7.2 - SA7.4. No sparks shall be observed
when a grounded metal sphere is gradually brought into contact after the enclosure has been electrostatically charged.

SA7.2 Three complete samples of the enclosure are to be conditioned for at least 48 hours at a relative humidity of
25 110 percent.
JUNE 22,1995 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 SA5

SA7.3 Immediately after removal from the low-humidity chamber, the samples are to be supported by means of
insulators in a room having a relative humidity not more than 35 percent and having all sources of light, other than
electrical sparks, eliminated. Any conductive parts on the samples that are intended to be grounded are to be connected
to ground during the test. An electrostatic charge is to be sprayed on the samples using a Van de Graaf generator.

SA7.4 A 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) diameter grounded metal sphere is to be gradually brought into contact with the sample.

SA8 Resistance to Fungus Test

SA8.1 A polymeric enclosure shall be subjected to the test described in SA8.2 - S A 8 5 The values of the physical
properties specified in SA8.2 after conditioning shall not be less than 85 percent of the values determined using as-
received samples.

SA8.2 The values for the following physical properties are to be determined for as-received and conditioned specimens:

a) Resistanceto impact in accordance with the Standard Test Methods for Impact Resistance of Plastics and
Electrical Insulating Materials, ASTM D256-1992.

b) Flexural properties in accordance with the Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced
and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials, D790-1992.

SA8.3 The test specimens are to be conditioned in accordance with the Standard Recommended Practice for
Determining Resistance of Synthetic Polymeric Materials to Fungi, ASTM G21-1990.

SA8.4 Three sets of 10 specimens (five specimens each for SA8.2 (a) and (b)) are be exposed to the fungi. One set
is to be exposed for 4 weeks, another set for 8 weeks, and the third set for 12 weeks. In addition, complete enclosures
or parts of the enclosure shall be exposed to the fungi.

SA85 The test specimens are to have the minimum enclosure thickness that will be provided in production.

SA9 Resistance to Ultraviolet (UV) Light and Water

SA9.1 A polymeric enclosure that is intended for outdoor use shall be subjected to the tests described in
SA9.2 - SA9.10 to determine its resistance to UV weathering.

SA9.2 The flammability classification and values for the physical properties specified in Table SA9.1 are to be
determined using as-received specimens and specimens that have been exposed to ultraviolet light and water.
SA6 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 MARCH 25,1996

Table SA9.1
Physical-property test methods

I Materialfiest Method
I
Thermoplastics Thermosets

Tensile Strength Flexural Strengtha

b
Tensile Impact Izod Impact

SA9.3 The flammability classification is to be determined in accordance with the Standard for Flammability of Plastic
Material for Parts in Devices and Appliances, UL 94. The classification is not to be reduced as a result of the exposure.

SA9.4 The physical property values as specified in Table SA9.1 are to be determined in accordance with the Standard
for Polymeric Materials - Short-Term Property Evaluations, UL 746A. The average physical property values after 1440
hours of exposure are not to be less than 85 percent of the values for as-received samples. In addition, the average
physical properties are not to be less than 80 percent when the test values are extrapolated to 7200 hours.
*SA9.4 revised March 25, 1996*

SA9.5 The test specimens are to be prepared as described in the Standard for Polymeric Materials - Short-Term
Property Evaluations; UL 746A and the test is to be conducted using the procedure described in the Standard Practice
for Operating Light- and Water-Exposure Apparatus (Carbon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposure of
Nonmetallic Materials, ASTM G23-93.
*SA95 revised March 25, 1996*

SA9.6 Four sets of specimens are to be mounted vertically on the inside of the ultraviolet-light apparatus with the width
of the specimens facing the arcs and with the specimens not touching each other.

SA9.7 The samples are to be exposed to ultraviolet light from two carbon arcs formed between vertical electrodes
1/2 inch (12.7 mm) in diameter located at the center of a revolvable vertical metal cylinder 31 inches (787 mm) in
diameter and 17-3/4 inches (451 mm) high. Each arc is to be enclosed by a clear glass globe.

SA9.8 The cylinder is to be rotated around the arcs at one revolution per minute. A system of nozzles is to be employed
to spray each sample with water as the cylinder revolves. Each operating cycle is to be 102 minutes of light only and
18 minutes of light and water. The temperature within the cylinder while the apparatus is in operation is to be 63 15Ec
(145 I9EF).

SA9.9 The exposure is to be continued until one set of specimens has been exposed for 90 cycles or 180 total hours,
the second set for 180 cycles or 360 total hours, the third set for 360 cycles or 720 total hours, and the fourth set for
720 cycles or 1440 total hours.

SA9.10 After the exposure, the specimens are to be removed from the apparatus and examined for signs of
deterioration such as crazing or cracking. The specimens are to be kept under conditions of ambient room temperature
and atmospheric pressure for not less than 16 hours nor more than 96 hours before being subjected to the flammability
and physical property tests.
*SA9.10 revised March 25, 1996*
JUNE 22,1995 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 SA7

PART II - TESTS ON ENCLOSURES FOR CLASS II EQUIPMENT

SAIO General

SA1O.l A polymeric enclosure for Class II, Division 1 equipment shall be subjected to accelerated air-oven aging,
SA6.1 - SA6.3 and the Test for Accumulation of Static Electricity, Section SA7.

SA10.2 The Dust Penetration Test, Section 41, is to be conducted on an enclosure that has been subjected to
accelerated air-oven aging.

SA10.3 In addition to the tests specified in SA1O.l and SA10.2, the enclosure shall be evaluated for resistance to
distortion and creep at the temperatures to which the material may be subjected under the intended conditions of use
in accordance with the Standard for Polymeric Materials - Short Term Property Evaluations, UL 746A.

PART III - TESTS ON SEALING COMPOUNDS

SA11 General

SAI 1. I A sealing compound used in Class I equipment to seal a glass part, such as a plot light lens, as covered in the
exception to 6.1.1 or used as a conduit seal as covered in 10.1.2.2 shall be subjected to the tests described in
SAI 1.2 - SAI 1.7 to determine its resistance to chemicals.

SAI 1.2 The resistance to crushing of the sealing compound is to be determined on as-received specimens and
specimens exposed to chemical vapors. The crushing force after exposure is to be at least 85 percent of the value
determined using as-received samples. In addition, changes in dimensions and weight after exposure are to be
determined. Shrinkage or loss of weight of more than 1 percent or an increase in weight or swelling that changes the
intended properties of the sealing compound is not acceptable. See SAI 1.8.

SAI 1.3 Cylindrical specimens 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) in diameter and 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) long are to be used for the tests.
At least 81 specimens are required - six for each chemical and three for as-received tests.

SAI 1.4 The specimens are to be exposed for 168 hours to saturated vapors of the chemicals specified in S A 5 5

SAI 1.5 During and after the exposure, the specimens are to be observed for discoloration, swelling, crazing, leaching,
or dissolving.

SAI 1.6 After the exposure, three specimens from each chemical exposure are to be weighed and measured
immediately after removal from the chemical vapor.

SAI 1.7 The other three exposed specimens and the as-received specimens are to be placed between two parallel
plates and crushed with a compression-testing machine having a crosshead speed of 0.1 inch (2.54 mm) per minute.
The load is to be applied perpendicular to the axis of the cylindrical specimens and the compressive force required to
crack and break the specimens is to be recorded.

SAI 1.8 As an alternative, tests to determine resistance of the sealing compound to chemicals may be conducted on
a complete sample that incorporates the sealing compound as intended. These tests are to consist of explosion and
hydrostatic pressure tests on the complete sample after the sample has been exposed to the chemicals specified in
SA55 as described in SA5.8 and SA5.9. There shall be no rupture, cracking, breakage, or other damage to the sealing
compound.
SA8 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS - UL 698 JUNE 22,1995

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