PAF CHAPTER

Prepared by:
Talha Ahmed DYNAMICS P2

Question # 1: May June 2012/P22/Q2

(a) State what is meant by friction.

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(b) Fig. 2.1 shows two horizontal forces that act on a car. Force B is caused by air resistance and
friction.

force B force A

Fig. 2.1

The car is travelling along a straight level road.

(i) The forward force A and the backward force B are equal.
Describe the motion of the car.

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(ii) The mass of the car is 800 kg.

Force A increases to 5000 N. This causes the car to accelerate initially at 1.5 m / s2.
Calculate the size of force B.

force B = .............................................................[3]

(iii) Force A remains constant at 5000 N. Explain why the acceleration decreases as the car
travels along the level road.

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.......................................................................................................................................[2]
Question # 2: May June 2014/P22/Q1

Fig. 1.1 shows a lorry accelerating in a straight line along a horizontal road.

Fig. 1.1

(a) The driving force on the lorry in the forward direction is D and the total backward force on the
lorry is B.

(i) State and explain whether D or B is the larger force.

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...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Suggest one possible cause of the backward force B.

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(b) The weight of the lorry is 300 000 N.

The gravitational field strength g is 10 N / kg.

(i) Calculate the mass of the lorry.

mass = .......................................................... [1]

(ii) The resultant force on the lorry is 15 000 N. Calculate the acceleration of the lorry.

acceleration = .......................................................... [2]

(c) Later, the lorry turns a corner at constant speed.

Explain why the lorry accelerates even though the speed is constant.

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Question # 3: May June 2016/P22/Q1

Fig. 1.1 shows the speed-time graph for a car travelling along a horizontal road.

30
speed
m/s

25

20
0 2 4 6 8 10
time / s

Fig. 1.1

(a) On Fig. 1.1, mark and label a point where the car has a non-uniform deceleration. [1]

(b) Calculate the deceleration of the car at t = 3.0 s.

deceleration = ...........................................................[2]

(c) Explain, in terms of the horizontal forces that act on the car, why its speed is constant at
t = 1.0 s.

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Question # 4: May June 2017/P21/Q1

Fig. 1.1 shows the directions of four forces acting on a racing car as it travels in a horizontal
straight line.

force A

force D force B

force C

Fig. 1.1

(a) Draw a line from each box on the left to the correct description of each force.

force A driving force

force B contact or normal reaction force

force C air resistance and friction

force D force of gravity

[1]
(b) The table shows the sizes of the forces acting on the car at one time.

force A / N force B / N force C / N force D / N

8000 1000 8000 600

The gravitational field strength g is 10 N / kg.

Calculate

(i) the mass of the car,

mass = ...........................................................[1]

(ii) the resultant force on the car,

resultant force = ...........................................................[1]

(iii) the acceleration of the car.

acceleration = ...........................................................[2]

(c) At another time, the car is travelling at speed u. It then accelerates for 5.0 s with an acceleration
of 1.6 m / s2, and reaches a speed of 20 m / s.

Calculate the value of u.

u = ...........................................................[2]
Question # 5: May June 2018/P21/Q2

Fig. 2.1 shows a man pushing a heavy box with a force P. A frictional force F acts in a horizontal
direction.

Fig. 2.1

(a) The forces on the box are balanced and the box is stationary.

(i) State what is meant by balanced forces.

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(ii) The frictional force in Fig. 2.1 does not produce any heating effect.

State what must happen for the frictional force to produce heating.

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(iii) Apart from being stationary, describe one other possible state of motion of the box when
the forces are balanced.

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(b) When P = 100 N and F = 85 N, the box accelerates. The mass of the box is 25 kg.

Calculate the acceleration of the box.

acceleration = ...........................................................[3]
Question # 6: Oct Nov 2008/P2/Q4

A passenger aeroplane accelerates from rest along a runway. It accelerates at a uniform rate
for 35 s. At this point it reaches a speed of 84 m / s and then takes off.

(a) (i) Calculate the acceleration of the aeroplane along the runway.

acceleration = ................................................ [2]

(ii) Sketch a speed-time graph for the aeroplane as it travels along the runway.

[3]

(b) Two horizontal forces act on the aeroplane as it accelerates along the runway.

Fig. 4.1

(i) On Fig. 4.1, draw arrows to show the directions and the relative magnitudes of
these forces. [1]
(ii) State what causes the smaller of these two forces.

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Question # 7: Oct Nov 2010/P2/Q1

Fig. 1.1 shows a cricket ball as it comes into contact with a cricket bat.

Fig. 1.1

The cricket ball has a mass of 0.16 kg and it hits the bat with a speed of 25 m / s. After being
in contact with the bat for 0.0013 s, the ball rebounds with a speed of 22 m / s in the direction
exactly opposite to its original direction.

(a) State the difference between speed and velocity.

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...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Calculate

(i) the change in velocity of the cricket ball,

velocity change = ....................................... [1]

(ii) the average acceleration of the ball whilst it is in contact with the bat,

acceleration = ............................................ [2]

(iii) the average force exerted on the ball by the bat.

force = ....................................................... [2]

Question # 8: Oct Nov 2014/P21/Q1

Fig. 1.1 shows a motorcycle during a race.

Fig. 1.1

The motorcycle accelerates along a straight section of the track from a speed of 40 m / s to
maximum speed.

Fig. 1.2 is the speed-time graph for the motorcycle along the straight section of the track.

90

80

70

speed 60
m/s
50

40

30

20

10

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
time / s

Fig. 1.2
The mass of the motorcycle is 180 kg.

(a) For the time 0 to 2.0 s, determine

(i) the acceleration of the motorcycle,

acceleration = ...........................................................[2]

(ii) the resultant force acting on the motorcycle.

force = ...........................................................[2]

(b) The driving force acting on the motorcycle remains constant throughout the 12 s spent on the
straight section of track.

(i) Using Fig. 1.2, describe how the acceleration of the motorcycle changes during this time.

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(ii) Explain, in terms of the forces acting, why the acceleration changes in this way.

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Question # 9: Oct Nov 2015/P21/Q1

Fig. 1.1 shows an archer firing an arrow at a target during a competition.

bow bow string

arrow

archer

Fig. 1.1

The arrow has a mass of 0.018 kg and is initially at rest. The arrow leaves the bow 0.011 s after the
bow string is released. When it leaves the bow, the velocity of the arrow is 95 m / s.

(a) Calculate

(i) the average acceleration of the arrow during the 0.011 s,

average acceleration = ........................................................ [2]

(ii) the average force exerted on the arrow during the 0.011 s.

average force = ........................................................ [2]

(b) In practice, the force exerted on the arrow gradually decreases to zero during firing.

On Fig. 1.2, sketch a possible speed-time graph for the arrow as it is being fired.

95

speed
m/s

0
0 0.011
time / s

Fig. 1.2

[2]