PHYSICS

PROJECT
WORK
Name- Nilim Akash Baruah

Class- XI ‘A’

Roll No – 29

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Nilim Akash Baruah, a student of
class XI-A (Science) of SARALA BIRLA GYAN
JYOTI, Guwahati has satisfactorily done the Physics
investigatory project on the topic ‘Application of
Newton’s Law’ under the guidance of ‘Mrs. Anindita
Sett ma’am.

Teacher’s Signature Principal’s Signature

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I wish to express my sincere gratitude to Mrs.
Anindita Sett ma’am and to our principal sir Dr.
Diganta Halder for therir moral support and
guidance throughout the year .
I extend my sincere gratitude to my parents
and friends for there valuable suggestions
given to me in completing the project.
Lastly but not the least, I would like to thank
the almighty God and other faculty member of
the school and towards all those who have
helped me in making this project. Without their
guidance, I would have not been able to
present the project on time.

INDEX
s. Title Page Date Remark
NO No.
1 1
CERTIFICATE

2 2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

3 3
INTRODUCTION

4 4
DESCRIPTION

5 7
EXPLANATION

RESULT AND
6 CONCLUSION
9

7 10
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTIO
N
APPLICATION OF NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION

Newton’s laws first appeared in his masterpiece, Philosophiae

Naturalis Principia Mathematica (1687), commonly known as
the Principia. In 1543 Nicolaus Copernicus suggested that the
Sun, rather than Earth, might be at the centre of the universe.
In the intervening years Galileo, Johannes Kepler, and
Descartes laid the foundations of a new science that would both
replace the Aristotelian worldview, inherited from the ancient
Greeks, and explain the workings of a heliocentric universe. In
the Principia Newton created that new science. He developed
his three laws in order to explain why the orbits of the planets
are ellipses rather than circles, at which he succeeded, but it
turned out that he explained much more. The series of events
from Copernicus to Newton is known collectively as the
Scientific Revolution.
In the 20th century Newton’s laws were replaced by quantum
mechanics and relativity as the most fundamental laws of
physics. Nevertheless, Newton’s laws continue to give an
accurate account of nature, except for very small bodies such
as electrons or for bodies moving close to the speed of light.
Quantum mechanics and relativity reduce to Newton’s laws for
larger bodies or for bodies moving more slowly.
DESCRIPTION
NEWTON'S LAWS OF MOTION
Newton's Laws of Motion are three fundamental principles in
physics that describe the relationship between a body and the
forces acting upon it. These laws were first presented by Sir
Isaac Newton in his work "Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia
Mathematica" in 1687.

FIRST LAW OF MOTION (LAW OF INERTIA)

- Definition: An object at rest will remain at rest, and an object
in motion will continue to move with a constant velocity, unless
acted upon by an external force.
- Mathematical Formula: F = 0 (no net force)
- Example: A car moving at a constant speed on a straight road
will continue to move at that speed unless acted upon by an
external force, such as friction or a collision.

SECOND LAW OF MOTION (LAW OF ACCELERATION)

- Definition: The force applied to an object is equal to the mass
of the object multiplied by its acceleration.
- Mathematical Formula: F = ma (force = mass x acceleration)
- Example: A car accelerating from 0 to 60 km/h in 10 seconds
will experience a force proportional to its mass and
acceleration.

THIRD LAW OF MOTION (LAW OF ACTION AND REACTION)

- Definition: For every action, there is an equal and opposite

reaction.
- Mathematical Formula: F1 = -F2 (force 1 = -force 2)
- Example: When you push on a wall, the wall exerts an equal
and opposite force on you, preventing you from moving.
Applications of Newton's Laws of Motion
Newton's Laws of Motion have numerous applications in various
fields, including:
1. Physics and Engineering: Newton's Laws are used to design
and optimize systems, such as bridges, buildings, and
machines.
2. Transportation: Newton's Laws are used to understand the
motion of vehicles, including cars, airplanes, and spacecraft.
3. Sports: Newton's Laws are used to understand the motion of
athletes and optimize their performance.
4. Medicine: Newton's Laws are used to understand the motion
of the human body and develop treatments for injuries and
diseases.
Real-Life Examples of Newton's Laws of Motion
1. A car crash: When a car crashes into a wall, the force of the
crash is equal to the mass of the car multiplied by its
acceleration (Second Law).
2. A tennis serve: When a tennis player serves the ball, the
force of the serve is equal to the mass of the ball multiplied by
its
acceleration (Second Law).
3. A skydiver: When a skydiver jumps out of a plane, the force
of gravity acting on them is equal to their mass multiplied by
the acceleration due to gravity (Second Law).
4. A bicycle: When a bicycle is in motion, the force of friction
acting on the wheels is equal to the mass of the bicycle
multiplied by its acceleration (Second Law).
EXPLANATION
NEWTON’S FIRST LAW: THE LAW OF INERTIA
Newton’s first law states that if a body is at rest or moving at a
constant speed in a straight line, it will remain at rest or keep
moving in a straight line at constant speed unless it is acted
upon by a force. In fact, in classical Newtonian mechanics,
there is no important distinction between rest and uniform
motion in a straight line; they may be regarded as the same
state of motion seen by different observers, one moving at the
same velocity as the particle and the other moving at constant
velocity with respect to the particle. This postulate is known as
the law of inertia.

NEWTON’S SECOND LAW: F = MA

Newton’s second law is a quantitative description of the
changes that a force can produce on the motion of a body. It
states that the time rate of change of the momentum of a body
is equal in both magnitude and direction to the force imposed
on it. The momentum of a body is equal to the product of its
mass and its velocity. Momentum, like velocity, is a vector
quantity, having both magnitude and direction. A force applied
to a body can change the magnitude of the momentum or its
direction or both. Newton’s second law is one of the most
important in all of physics. For a body whose mass m is
constant, it can be written in the form F = ma, where F (force)
and a (acceleration) are both vector quantities. If a body has a
net force acting on it, it is

accelerated in accordance with the equation. Conversely, if a

body is not accelerated, there is no net force acting on it.

NEWTON’S THIRD LAW: THE LAW OF ACTION AND

REACTION
Newton’s third law states that when two bodies interact, they
apply forces to one another that are equal in magnitude and
opposite in direction. The third law is also known as the law of
action and reaction. This law is important in analyzing problems
of static equilibrium, where all forces are balanced, but it also
applies to bodies in uniform or accelerated motion. The forces it
describes are real ones, not mere bookkeeping devices. For
example, a book resting on a table applies a downward force
equal to its weight on the table. According to the third law, the
table applies an equal and opposite force to the book. This
force occurs because the weight of the book causes the table to
deform slightly so that it pushes back on the book like a coiled
spring.
 RESULTS AND CONCLUSION

RESULTS
Newton’s laws of motion, three statements describing the
relations between the forces acting on a body and the motion
of the body, first formulated by English physicist and
mathematician Isaac Newton, which are the foundation of
classical mechanics.

CONCLUSION
Sir Isaac Newton, the iconic physicist, came up with the concept
of three laws of motion. Newton’s laws of motion brought about
a revolution in the field of Physics previously unheard of.
According to the first law, an object in motion stays in motion
unless there is an acting of external force upon it. The second
law states that when there is a force upon an object, it will
result in the acceleration of the object. According to the third
law, there is an equal and opposite reaction for every action.

BIBLIOGRAPH
Y
1. Google
2. https://www.thoughtco.com
3. https://www.britannica.com