ZNOTES.

ORG

UPDATED TO 2023-2025 SYLLABUS

CAIE IGCSE
ISLAMIYAT
SUMMARIZED NOTES ON THE THEORY SYLLABUS
Prepared for Farhan for personal use only.
CAIE IGCSE ISLAMIYAT

Main Teachings
1. Major Teachings Of Hadiths Give examples of charity to follow in daily life
Worship includes acts of kindness too
Hadith 1 Implementation
Perform actions with the intention of helping others
Main Teachings Prophet (pbuh) used to share meals with poor
Islam is based on sincerity
Strong belief in Tawhid Hadith 6
Be sincere to Islam and people
Respect and care for everyone Main Teachings
Implementation Prevent others from evil
Sincere to Allah and Quran by following Sharia Not doing this is the weakest response
Sincerity to the Prophet was shown by his Implementation
Companions when they stood by him. Correct social evils such as reporting theft
Make people aware or the wrong
Hadith 2 He (pbuh) prevented Meccans from wrong acts

Main Teachings Hadith 7

Have concern for others around us
This is part of our faith Main Teachings
Implementation Best believers are ready to sacrifice for Islam
Countries giving refuge to people Refers to spiritual and financial Jihad
Give Zakaat to help people Implementation
Think good about each other Strive by doing social work
Companions financially contributed to Tabuk
Hadith 3
Hadith 8
Main Teachings
Every Muslim should be kind Main Teachings
Should talk good and be hospitable Martyr are also people who die practising Islam
Implementation Allah rewards people who are obedient to Him
Not curse or backbite Implementation
Be calm during conflicts and try to solve them Muslims can engage in other types of Jihad
Abu Talha fed his hungry guests though he barely Fulfill rights of humans and Allah
had food and this was appreciated by Allah
Hadith 9
Hadith 4
Main Teachings
Main Teachings Earn from lawful means
Islam is a simple religion Respect is earned by doing hard work
For Paradise, one has to follow basic rules Implementation
Implementation Stay away from corruption and bribery
Practise 5 pillars Be self-sufficient and grateful
Be mindful of Haram and Halal All Prophets earned by doing hard work

Hadith 5 Hadith 10

WWW.ZNOTES.ORG Copyright © 2025 ZNotes Education & Foundation. All Rights Reserved. This document is
authorised for personal use only by Farhan at undefined on 27/01/25.
CAIE IGCSE ISLAMIYAT

Main Teachings Main Teachings

Human rights are as important as the Rights of Allah Muslims to be kind and merciful
Should help people vulnerable to society Allah rewards people who have these traits
Implementation Implementation
Be aware of the needs of people and fulfill them Do small acts of kindness
Abu Bakr used to help an old widow Prophet(pbuh) forgave Quraish

Hadith 11 Hadith 16
Main Teachings Main Teachings
Great reward for people who care for orphans Declare Muslims as one brotherhood
Reminds people to be kind and just to orphans Muslims should support each other
Implementation Implementation
Provide financial assistance and food to orphans Help Muslims in war-torn countries
Prophet(pbuh) was always kind to orphans Ansars helped Muhajirs in 622 AD

Hadith 12 Hadith 17
Main Teachings Main Teachings
Highlights responsibilities of rulers Being modest brings peace
Tells them to treat people with love Be respectful of society
Implementation Implementation
Remember Allah has all authority Not be extremist or liberal
Always look for ease of people Prophet(pbuh) never spoke loudly
He (pbuh) would listen to the problems of people Appreciate Allah’s blessings

Hadith 13 Hadith 18
Main Teachings Main Teachings
Read the Quran and implement it Be humble as pride leads to hell
The Quran keeps Muslims from going astray True faith makes people close to Allah
Implementation Implementation
Read the Quran daily with meaning Not be arrogant by following Prophet(pbuh)
Perform tarawih for recitation of the Quran Iblis was thrown out due to his pride

Hadith 14 Hadith 19
Main Teachings Main Teachings
Principles of business transactions The right path is tough but leads to Paradise
Be kind and fair in dealings Wrong path is easy but leads to Hell
Implementation Implementation
Not take too much profit or interest Reject all types of attractions that lead to hell
Return money on time Quraish bribed the Prophet (pbuh) but he rejected it
Khadija married Prophet(pbuh) for his honesty
Hadith 20
Hadith 15

WWW.ZNOTES.ORG Copyright © 2025 ZNotes Education & Foundation. All Rights Reserved. This document is
authorised for personal use only by Farhan at undefined on 27/01/25.
CAIE IGCSE ISLAMIYAT

Main Teachings If any narrator in the chain was known to be a liar or

Allah does not look at the worldly status of people have a bad memory
Allah only cares about our intentions and deeds If he had not met the person he was supposed to be
Implementation narrating from
Actions based on sincerity, not for false praises
Bilal was appointed as muezzin for his faith Fabricated Hadith

When a saying or action was attributed to the Prophet

2. History and Importance of that he had not said or done, the hadith was said to be
fabricated.
Hadiths
2.2. Compilation of Hadith
2.1. Types of Hadiths By companions
Authentic or Sahih Hadith People were demanding hadiths
Many companions started to spread his hadith
Consistency with other authentic hadiths, Quran, Ijma, Abu Huraira narrated 5374 hadith
and basic Islamic principles Abdullah Bin Umar narrated 2630
Alignment with reason, common sense, and natural laws Anas Bin Malik narrated 2286
Shouldn’t accuse the Prophet's family or companions Hazrat Ayesha narrated 2210
No excessive praise for specific individuals or tribes
No severe punishments for minor offenses By Successors of Companions
No exaggerated rewards for insignificant deeds
Non-fabricated reports or admissions of fabrication by Compiled hadiths in journals called Suhuf
the narrator Orally transmitted from teachers to students
An unbroken chain of narrators Imam Malik Bin Anas and Imam Ahmed Bin Hanibal were
Narrators should be: main compilers
Trustworthy
Pious By Successors of Successors
Knowledgable Sahih Bukhari of Muhammad Ibn Ismail al Bukhari
Have good memory Travelled collected 600,000 hadiths
Of mature age Selected 7397 hadiths as authentic
Muslim Divided them into 97 books by subject
Mentally stable Added commentary
Direct interaction between narrators and individuals Sahih Muslim of Muslim ibn al Hajjaj
sharing the hadith Student of Imam Bukhari
Higher qualifications of the narrator increase the Divided 12000 authentic hadiths into 54 books by
authority of hadith subjects
Approved or Hasan Hadith Sunan of Abu Daud
Student of Imam Hanibal
Similar to Authentic hadith Spent 20 years collecting hadiths
The only difference was that some narrators had Chose 4800 authentic hadiths from 500,000
defective memory Jami al Tirmizi of Tirmizi
Student of Imam Bukhari
Weak or Zae’ef Hadith Contains 3950 hadiths
Divided by subject with critical reports
Included Hasan Hadiths
Sunan of Nasai contains 5750 hadiths
Sunan of ibn Majah contains 4000 hadiths

WWW.ZNOTES.ORG Copyright © 2025 ZNotes Education & Foundation. All Rights Reserved. This document is
authorised for personal use only by Farhan at undefined on 27/01/25.
CAIE IGCSE ISLAMIYAT
Shia compilation of hadiths
Hadith and Quran
Al Kafi fi ilm al-din by Muhammad ibn Yaqab They are 2nd primary source of Islamic Law
Man la Yahduruhu al-fiqh by Muhammad Babuya Ayesha said “Life of Prophet(pbuh) is an example of
TahzIib al ahkam by Muhammad al tusi Quran”
It is used when the Quran is silent on a matter, e.g.
2.3. Collection of Hadiths inheritance given to the grandmother is not
mentioned in the Quran, but comes from Hadith
Musnad In Quran it is not told how to give Zakaat but hadith
Hadiths grouped by their second transmitter says “No charity tax is due on property less than 5
E.g: Musnad of Abu Bakr Uqaiya and no charity tax is due on fewer than 5
Valuable for people who follow a specific person camels and no charity tax is due on fewer than 5
Founder was Imam Hanibal wasq”
Musannaf
Hadiths grouped by their subject Ijma
Eg: Musunnaf of Zakaat Used when Quran and Hadith are silent on matter
Founder was Imam Malik bin Anas It can’t contradict Quran and Hadith
Sahih Sitta follow this technique Qiyas
Used when all sources can’t solve a problem
2.4. Reliability of Hadith Qiyas use a ruling from Quran or Hadith
It can’t cancel the teachings of Quran and Hadith
Isnad
Chain of transmitters
A perfect isnad starts from a companion 3. Rightly Guided Khalifas
Transmitters should be honest
Should have met each other 3.1. Caliph Hazrat Abu Bakr
Have good memory
Of the age that they understand hadith
Matn
Election
Context of hadiths Ansars wanted to be caliph
A perfect matn does not contradict Quran Abu Bakr said to elect a Quraish
Not against common sense or facts Ansars proposed 2 leaders
Not accuse companions or praise a tribe Hazrat Umar emphasized that there can only be 1 Ameer
Not promise high rewards for small deeds and vice Umar pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr
versa Later everyone pledged allegiance to him
Be in Quraish dialect with no bad words Chosen as new Khalifa

2.5. Hadiths used in Legal Thinking, and Expedition to Syria

its relationship with the Qur’an, Ijma Prophet(pbuh) had ordered expedition to Syria
and Qiyas Now Madinah was surrounded by hostile tribes
Abu Bakr yet sent the army under Usama Bin Zaid
It was successful

Refusal to pay Zakaat

Many tribes refused to pay Zakaat
Abu Bakr rejected this
Attacked Muslims when army was in Syria
Prevented from entering Madinah
When army arrived Abu Bakr attacked them
The tribes lost

WWW.ZNOTES.ORG Copyright © 2025 ZNotes Education & Foundation. All Rights Reserved. This document is
authorised for personal use only by Farhan at undefined on 27/01/25.
CAIE IGCSE ISLAMIYAT

Apostasy Movement against false prophets People in Bahrain, Oman, Mahrah, Yemen and
Hadramaut apostatized Islam thus Abu Bakr fought
Aswad Ansi against them and took over
Arose in Yemen Campaign against Persians
Hid his face by a veil Persians helped apostasy movement
Killed by Persian Muslim Firoze In 633 an army under Khalid bin Waleed went to
Tulhaya Persians who chose to fought
Leader of Banu Asad and Ghaftan In battle of chains Persians linked themselves with
Khalid Bin Waleed fought him in 630 AD chains for unity but it resulted in Muslims winning as
Fled to Syria where he accepted Islam later they couldn’t fight or retreat
Musailma Persians went to Mazar where muslims won
From Banu Hanifa in Yamama They went to Walaja where Muslims again won
Used to copy Prophet(pbuh) Went to Ullies where Muslims won
Distorted teachings of Quran Fled to Hira which was also captured
Prophet(pbuh) called him an arch liar Went to Anbar where the governor surrendered
Killed in Battle of Yamama by Muslims En at tamer was also captured
Sajjah Campaign against Byzantines
Arab Christian women from Banu Tamim In 634 AD 7000 men gathered to fight the Byzantines
Married to Musailma who were plotting against Muslims
After his death fled to Iraq and accepted Islam They were divided into 4 corps under Shurahbil, Abu
Ubaida, Amr bin Aas and Yazeed
Battle of Yamama To secure front Khalid Bin Walid took over Syria
Then went to Basra with Shurahbil and Abu Ubaida.
Against musailma Romanus the leader accepted Islam so Byzantines
Sent Ikrimah and told him to wait for Shurahbil locked themselves. Romanus let Muslims in and
Ikrimah fought and was defeated Basra was captured
Shurahbil was told to stay but he fought and was Byzantines gathered at Ajnadien. 40,000 Muslims
defeated went there and won
Khalid Bin Walid came and fought Marched to Damascus but retreated as Hazrat Abu
Had to retreat Bakr had died
While front ranks fought Khalid attacked Musailma’s Hazrat Abu Bakr died in 13 AH because of illness
camp
They fortified themselves in a garden Administration
Muslims climbed and fight started
Musailma was killed by killer of Hazrat Hamza Divided empire into province
Many Hafiz died resulting in compilation of Quran Each province had a governor who would lead prayer
administer justice and maintained law
Expansion of Islamic Empire Governor had an Amil who would collect taxes
Officials were selected on merit
Strict standard for accounting of public money
Non-Muslims were given freedom
Each matter was handled according to Sharia

3.2. Caliph Hazrat Umar

Election

WWW.ZNOTES.ORG Copyright © 2025 ZNotes Education & Foundation. All Rights Reserved. This document is
authorised for personal use only by Farhan at undefined on 27/01/25.
CAIE IGCSE ISLAMIYAT

Nominated by Abu Bakr and everyone accepted Persians were planning an attack
So muslims marched to them at Nahwand
Wars with Persians Persians fortified in trenches
To get them out Nauman the commander ordered the
Rustom was sent by Persians to take revenge, Battle of cavalry to attack and then at night the rest of army would
Namraq took place and Muslims won attack
Nauman died but Muslims continued
Battle of Jasr Dark led Persians to their own death
Persians under Bahman went to take revenge The town surrendered
Euphrated laid between the 2 armies
Abu Ubaid decided to cross the river Wars with Byzantines
Horses went out of control as they had never seen
Muslims went to Damascus and took over
Persian Elephants
Ordered to cut howdahs to kill Persians Battle of Fihl
Elephants trampled so Muslim commanders died one by Maaz Bin Jabal was sent with 3 options for Persians
one and they chose to fought
Bridge was also cut so Musana ordered to build the Khalid Bin Waleed drew the forces in and then
launched an offensive thus Muslims won
bridge thus they retreated
6000 Muslims died Battle of Yurmuk
Heraculis ordered an attack on Muslims
Battle of Buwaib Muslims gave 3 options which were rejected
Battle started and Khalid Bin Waleed lured
Muslims sent to fight the Persians, who were under the Byzantines to rough terrain
rule of Mehran A storm also blew on them so they ran away
Persians were told to cross the river this time Fall of Jerusalem
Jarir ibn Abdullah killed Mehran, so the Persians lost Fortified as sacred to Jews and Christian
hope Seige was laid but citizens surrendered on condition
Muslims captured the bridge after the Persians fled that Hazrat Umar should come
The entire Persian army was defeated, with many Hazrat Umar walked in while walking camel
Persians dying People said “Islam has exalted all religions”
A treaty was signed
Battle of Qadsiya
Conquest of Egypt
Muslims camped at Qadsiya Amr Bin Aas started to conquer towns of Egypt
King was invited to Islam but he disrespected Fustat surrendered after 7 month of siege
Stand-off of 3 months lasted King sent army to Alexandria and s siege started
Rustum attacked while Saad led from bed Heraclius died so Muslims intensified their attack and
3
rd
day Rustum was killed and Persians retreated Alexandria was conquered

Battle of Jalula Martyrdom

Persian King took refuge in fortified Jalula
Muslims laid a siege for 7 months
Persians launched an offensive
Muslim commander Qaka pulled back
A storm blew on Persians and they ran away
Jalula was captured

Battle of Nahwand

WWW.ZNOTES.ORG Copyright © 2025 ZNotes Education & Foundation. All Rights Reserved. This document is
authorised for personal use only by Farhan at undefined on 27/01/25.
CAIE IGCSE ISLAMIYAT

Firoz a Persian slave complained to Hazrat Umar about Causes of revolt against Hazrat Usman
his a lot of taxes
His tax was 2 dirhams per diem People took advantage of his soft nature
Umar said the amount was okay as he worked as a Hypocrite Jews under Abdullah bin Saba rose and caused
carpenter, painter and ironsmith rift among Hazrat Ali and Usman. He was exiled to Egypt
Firoz struck Umar with a dagger while he was leading where he rose to fame
morning prayer Rivalry between Arabs and Non-Arabs increased as Arabs
The wound was Fatal and he died in Dhul Hajjah 23 AH started to settle in their territories
Prophet (pbuh) was a Hashemite while Usman was an
Administration Umayyad so Hashemite could not tolerate him

Made Majlis-e-shura consisting of eminent companions. Charges against Hazrat Usman

It was always consulted
Judiciary was made and Qazis were introduced He had appointed inefficient relatives as governors. But
Each province was placed under a wali who was the his relatives were appointed only in 4 provinces. 1 of
military and religious head those was appointed by Hazrat Umar and the other 2
Provinces divided into districts placed under amils were appointed in public interest.
Call them to Hajj and heard their complaints He did not exercise control over his companions but he
Received secret reports on officers just trusted them and gave them liberty
Officials would send particulars of their property to He had burnt the copies of Quran but the copies with
check if they are corrupt or not wrong dialect of Quran were only burnt
Established department of education, jails, police and He had lost the ring of Prophet (pbuh) intentionally but
finance. in reality it was lost while he was directing a construction
New taxes were introduced He has changed the structure of Masjid-e-Nabawi but he
Surplus was distributed among Muslims just expanded it
Civilian were not allowed in cantonments
Arabs not allowed to buy property in territories Rebellion and death
Non-Muslims were given freedom and old, poor and
disabled were exempted from paying Jizya In 656 AD some protesters entered Madinah
Introduced pension Hazrat Ali acted as an intermediary and advised Hazrat
Built towns and roads Usman to remove Abdullah and post Amr
The protesters wanted Muhammad bin Abu Bakr as their
3.3. Caliph Hazrat Usman governor
Their wish was fulfilled
Election On their way back they found a slave with a letter by
Usman ordering to kill some people
Hazrat Umar nominated Hazrat Ali, Hazrat Usman, They went back and Hazrat Ali agreed to arbitrate
Zubair, Talha, Saad bin abi Waqas and Abdur Rehman Hazrat Usman agreed that it was his slave but rejected
bin Auf for Caliph that he sent the letter
Abdur Rahman rejected it and Talha was not here They besieged his house
Decided that Abdur Rahman would choose He refused to fight and shed Muslim blood
Saad supporter Usman, Zubair supported Ali and Usman After 50 days some rebels went in their house and struck
while Usman and Ali supported each other a sword in his forehead
Abdur Rehman consulted other people and Hazrat His blood dropped on Surah Baqrah verse 137
Usman was chosen as Khalifa His wife lost her fingers saving him
Declared Khalifa on 4th Muharram 24 AH He died on 18th Dhul Hijjah 35 AH

Administration

WWW.ZNOTES.ORG Copyright © 2025 ZNotes Education & Foundation. All Rights Reserved. This document is
authorised for personal use only by Farhan at undefined on 27/01/25.
CAIE IGCSE ISLAMIYAT

Followed steps of first 2 Khalifas Umayyads in Syria under Muawiya were asking to avenge
Held conferences with Walis and Ameers to hear their midst of Hazrat Usman
complaints People in Makkah also joined
Allowed Arabs to buy land in territories Hazrat Ali rejected to punish the assassins as he had no
Cantonments were extended evidence or peace in Empire
Canals and dams were built Talha and Zubair seeing this approached Hazrat Ayesha
Increased allowance of people by 25% and they raised an army against Hazrat Ali
Both armies met at Basra
3.4. Caliph Hazrat Ali Hazrat Ali sent a message to Hazrat Ayesha explaining
his reasons
Election They both negotiated
Hypocrites from both sides started the battle
After 4 days the rebels decided to leave Talha and Zubair were killed
Before leaving they offered the office of Khalifa to Hazrat Hazrat Ayesha’s camel was brought down thus the battle
Ali who rejected it was stopped and she was escorted back by Muhammad
Then they offered to ansars who also rejected and Talha bin Abu Bakr
and Zubair did the same
They gave an ultimatum Battle of Siffin
Muslims assembled and leader of Egyptians said they
Syria under Muawiya didn’t allege to Hazrat Ali
wanted a brave, pious and close companion of
Propeht(pbuh) as Khalifa Muawiya displayed blood-stained clothes of Hazrat
Hazrat Ali only this criteria so he took over the office on Usman in mosques
He even accused Hazrat Ali of being an accomplice in this
25th Dhul Hijjah 35 AH
murder
Change of Governors He displayed Talha and Zubair as Martyrs
Soon this propaganda took over Iraq and Iran
Suhail Bin Hanif was appointed in Syria, Saad bin Ubadah Hazrat Ali wrote to Muawiya asking him to allege to him
in Egypt, Ummara Bin Sahab in Kufa, Usama bin Hanif in or face war
Basra and Abdullah bin Abbas in Yemen Muawiya asked to avenge the death of Hazrat Usman
However Muawiya, governor of Syria refused to step Thus both armies met at Siffin
down. Muawiya was losing so he ordered his first rank to fasten
Quran to their lances
Battle of Camel Hazrat Ali ordered his army to not fall into this trap but
they refused
The matter was taken to arbitration

Kharijites
These people were involved in revolt against Hazrat
Usman and his murder
They fought with Hazrat Ali at Siffin but responded to
Muawiyas call
On way back they insisted Hazrat Ali to attack when he
refused 12000 men distanced
These people believed in killing unbelievers and
recognized first 2 khalifas only

WWW.ZNOTES.ORG Copyright © 2025 ZNotes Education & Foundation. All Rights Reserved. This document is
authorised for personal use only by Farhan at undefined on 27/01/25.
CAIE IGCSE ISLAMIYAT

Arbitration Allah has no family nor He has any help

Quran says “no son has he begotten nor has he a partner
Abu Musa Ashari represented Hazrat Ali while Amr Bin in his dominion”
Aas was from Muawaiya’s side If there was any help the world would be a mess
They agreed that both should be deposed Allah’s power is beyond human thinking
But Amr bin Aas player foul and only agreed with Hazrat Quran says “no vision can grasp him”
Ali to be deposed He has control over everything.
Thus everyone prepared for a second war He can see what is hidden in minds and hearts
Surah Ikhlas says “there is none like Him”
Battle of Nahrawan Muslims should follow His commands
Results in reward in this world and the next.
On his way to attack Muawiya Hazrat Ali went to
Nahrawan to deal with Kharijites 4.2. Angels
All kharijites were killed except a few who escaped
Fall of Egypt Angels are heavenly beings with the duty to serve Allah
Hazrat Ali wanted to move against Muawiya but his Quran says “He does send down His angels with the
forces deserted him inspiration of His command”
In meantime, Muawiya ordered Amr bin Aas to conquer They are not daughters or deities of Allah
Egypt They have no free will like jinns and humans
Decided that Muawiya would rule over Syria and Egypt It is a sin to ask their help
while Hazart Ali over rest of empire Angels come to earth to help people
Some angels are:
Martyrdom Rizwan ruling over Heaven and Malik over Hell
Kiramann Katibin write our deeds as Quran says
Kharijites decided to kill Hazrat Ali “Over you are appointed angels to protect you kind
Abdur Rehman ibn Muljim was selected On 18th
and honourable writing everything down”
Ramadan 40 AH Muljim attacked Hazrat Ali with a
Munkir and Nakir question the dead
poisonous sword while he was leading morning prayer in
Hazrat Izrael takes people’s souls
Kufa
Hazrat Israfel will blow the trumpet on Last Day
He died on 21st Ramadan
Hazrat Mikael controls nature
His son Hasan killed Muljim next day
Hazrat Jibrael chief of angels brought down
Administration revelations and divine books, Quran says “The Lord of
Spirit has come down with it”
Followed first 3 Khalifas
The capital was moved to Kufa 4.3. Revealed Books

4. Articles of Faith
4.1. Allah
Allah is one and supreme
Quran says “He is Allah the one and only”

WWW.ZNOTES.ORG Copyright © 2025 ZNotes Education & Foundation. All Rights Reserved. This document is
authorised for personal use only by Farhan at undefined on 27/01/25.
CAIE IGCSE ISLAMIYAT

Different apostles were sent with Divine Books Everything good or bad comes from Allah
They were for a specific time and people Predestination means fixing a limit, the Quran says “We
Their message was the same as Quran but people have created everything in measure and proportion”
changed those books Everything is decided by Allah as the Quran says “He
Quran says “They change their place” knows what is behind before and after Him”
Some Divine Books are: Our gender and date of birth and death are predestined
Zaboor of Hazrat Daud but our actions are not
Torah revealed to Hazrat Musa Hazrat Ali asked a man to take care of his camel and
Quran says “And before this was Book of Moses as a saddle. He ran away with the saddle and Ali could not
guide and mercy” give him 50 dirhams. Ali saw his own saddle at the
Bible revealed to Hazrat Isa market. The man had sold it for 50 dirhams.
Quran says “We sent him the gospel: therein was Allah had destined 50 dirhams for man but what
guidance and light and confirmation of Law” mattered was how he earned it
Quran revealed to Prophet Muhammad(PBUH)
It is the last divine message for everyone 4.6. Life after Death
It says “This is the Book in it is guidance”
Life on earth is temporary and we all will die
4.4. Prophets Quran says “It is righteousness to believe in Allah and the
Last Day”
Prophets are people who receives Allah’s revelation First phase of life after death is the state of Barzakh
Quran says “We sent for every people and apostle” It is a life of grave which is temporary
Prophets guided people and spread Allah’s message Life after Day of Judgement is eternal
They are honest and dedicated who faced a lot of Quran says “One day the earth would be changed to a
persecution e.g. Ibrahim was thrown in fire new earth so would the heavens”
Allah also helps them e.g. He split sea for Musa Everyone will die and then resurrected
They were granted miracles too e.g. Isa was born without Then will be accountable for their actions
a father and could cure the blind Quran says “No injustices would be done that day”
Quran says “We make no distinction between one and Inmates of hand heaven will be given their accounts on
another of His Messengers” the right hand and inmates of hell on left
Some major prophets are Nuh, Ibrahim, Isa, Ishaq, No relations would matter that day
Yaqoob, Yusuf, Musa, Daud and Suleman. Own body parts would witness against people
The chain started from Adam and ended at Muhammad It is a physical experience
(pbuh). Quran says “He is messenger of Allah and seal of
Prophets”
5. Pillars of Faith
4.5. Predestination and Decree
5.1. Shahada, Declaration of Faith

WWW.ZNOTES.ORG Copyright © 2025 ZNotes Education & Foundation. All Rights Reserved. This document is
authorised for personal use only by Farhan at undefined on 27/01/25.
CAIE IGCSE ISLAMIYAT

Shahada is “I bear witness that there is no god but Allah Should be clean as Quran says “Allah doesn’t accept
who is one, who has no partners and I bear witness that prayers without purification
Muhammad is His servant and apostle” 2 types of impurities are:
The first part talks about Tawhid, oneness of Allah Hads-e-Asghar caused by answering call of nature or
He has authority over everything as Quran says “He has vomiting
power to dispose all affairs” Hads-e-Akbar is caused by marital relations,
He doesn’t have any family or help, Surah Ikhlas says “He Menstruation, childbirth and alcohol
is Allah one and only” A person can clean himself by:
We should only worship Allah Performing wudhuh before prayer
The second part talks about Prophet(PBUH) First mouth is rinsed and then water is sniffed into
Tells us to follow his sunnah as Quran says “He who nostrils. Next face is washed and arms up to the
obeys the messenger obeys Allah” elbow. Ears are cleaned and head is wiped. Lastly feet
He guided us and helped us not go astray are washed.
He is the last prophet as Quran says “But he is the Wudhuh becomes ineffective due to state of Hads-e-
messenger of Allah and Seal of Prophets” Asghar, Hads-e-Akbar, sleeping and fainting.
To clean Hads-e-Akbar, Ghusl is performed in which
5.2. Prayers whole body is cleaned
If water is not available a person can perform
Importance Tayummum
Bodies should be covered
Firstmost thing to be accountable of Facing Qiblah and have intention to pray
Prophet(PBUH) said “Prayer is key to paradise”
Spiritually cleanses us as Quran says “prayer restrains Method
from shameful and unjust deeds”
Makes people punctual and humble
Strengthen belief in Allah as hadith says “You should
worship Allah as if you see Him”
Makes people realize they need Allah
Major part of faith as Hadith says “What stands between
a man and a disbeliever is the abandonment of prayer

Conditions

WWW.ZNOTES.ORG Copyright © 2025 ZNotes Education & Foundation. All Rights Reserved. This document is
authorised for personal use only by Farhan at undefined on 27/01/25.
CAIE IGCSE ISLAMIYAT

Hands down side niyat is offered Hours of fasting are from dawn till sunset
Allahu Akbar is recited with hands with ear People have a meal before fajr
Qiyam starts in which Sana, Tasmiya, Tawaaz, Surah Not eat, drink, lie and have martial relations
Fatihah and some verses are recited Break fast during Maghrib
Bowing down “Glory to my Lord the great” is recited Pray Tarawih at night
thrice In last odd nights worship as Quran was revealed
Stand up and recite Tasmi and Tehmid Women in period of childbirth and pregnancy are
Prostate twice and recite “Glory to my lord, the most exempted
High” thrice Sick, old, abnormal and travelers are exempted
Perform 26nd Rakaat A person who is exempted may feed a person twice daily
After Sajdah sit and recite tashhud and durud if there are for each fast or give grain
only 2 rakaats. If there are more than 2 only recite Women who miss fast due to menstruation and people
tashhud. On last rakaat recite both who got ill while fasting may fast later
Do salaam A person who intentionally broke his fast will have to fast
Delayed Prayers are offered if a person miss a prayer for 60 days continuously or feed 60 people twice daily for
due to valid reason each fast or give Sadaqah
A person can combine 2 prayers too Prohibited on eids and 11, 12 and 13 Dhul Hijjah
While travelling a person may shorten the rakaats to 2
for 15 days 5.4. Zakaat
Friday prayers are performed in congregation before
Zuhr. It contains a sermon and 2 rakaats Importance
2 Rakaat of eid prayer are also offered on eids
A person may also pray in congregation at a mosque Portion of a man’s wealth given to poor
A person may also privately pray to Allah Prophet (pbuh) said “it should be collected from the well
to do and given to the poor”
5.3. Fasting Mentioned 32 times in Quran mostly with prayer
“establish regular prayer and give regular charity”
Importance Cleanses a person’s wealth as prophet(pbuh) said “Allah
has enjoined Zakkat on you so rest of your wealth may
Fasting is done in month Ramadan be cleansed”
Muslims don’t eat or drink Fulfills needs ofpoor
Hadith says “Allah says: Fasting is for me and I shall Establishes brotherhood and decreases jealousy
compensate it" Decreases financial disparity and hoarding
Refrain from evil and make us close to Allah as a hadith
says “Fasting is a shield and protection from fire and Rate of Zakaat
committing sins”
Reward for deeds are increased as hadith says “During On cash 2.5%
Ramadan provisions of believers are increased” On 93.75 grams of gold and 656.25 grams of silver
Makes us sympathetic towards poor people 1/5th of produce of mine
Healthy for our body 1/10 from natural land produce and 1/20 from irrigated
land produce
Method and Condition On articles exceeding 200 dirhams
For every 40 sheep 1 goat
On every 40 cattle 2-year-old calf
On every 5 camels a goat

Distribution

WWW.ZNOTES.ORG Copyright © 2025 ZNotes Education & Foundation. All Rights Reserved. This document is
authorised for personal use only by Farhan at undefined on 27/01/25.
CAIE IGCSE ISLAMIYAT

Given to Kabah is the holiest place for Muslims and is house of

People who can’t give zakat Allah as said in the Quran. There are several circles
Person who administer zakaat around it
People in debt and need Masjid-e-Haram includes Kabah, Well of Zam Zam,
Converts in need station if Ibrahim and Hatim.
Not given to The City of Makkah is the second circle and its violence is
Descendants of Prophet(pbuh) prohibited
Parent or children Hazrat Adam fixed Haram’s boundary
Non-Muslims From Mawaqis a person can’t enter without Ihram
As a salary Hajr-e-Aswad is placed in the southeast of Kabah and
Out of Haram money was received by Hazrat Ismail from Jibrael. Kissing this
stone shows obedience to Allah
5.5. Hajj Muqam-e-Ibrahim is the Stone in which Hazrat Ibrahim
stood while praying. It is mandatory to pray 2 Rakats
Importance behind this station. It has an impression of Ibrahim’s feet
and stone got soft when he stood on it
Takes place from 9th Dhul Hijjah till 13th Dhul Hijjah Ihram is worn during hajj and Umrah. Ihram for men is 2
Quran says “pilgrimage thereto is a duty me owe to Allah white sheets wrapped from the navel to knees and
those who can afford the journey” around arms. For women, it is daily clothes but not
Covers both financial sacrifice and physical Ibadat touching their face. Restrictions:
It is a spiritual experience which heals a person Allah Covering face and head for men
forgives the person who performs hajj as a Hadith says Using scented things
“an accepted hajj has no reward than paradise” Cutting hair and nails
Hajj also has communal benefits as all Muslims from all Violence
walks of life and gather Tawaf means walking around the Kabah anti-clockwise.
People get to know about each other’s problems Types of tawaf are
People could find business ventures Tawaf-e-ziyarat is an obligatory component of hajj
Not performing hajj if you can is a great sin performed on 10th ,11th or 12th Dhul Hijjah
Tawaf-e-Qudoom performed while entering Kabah
Terms associated with Hajj Tawaf-e-Wida is performed while leaving Kabah
Tawaf-e-Umra is performed for Umra
Any other tawaf is Tawaf-e-Nafl
Mina is a plain between Arafat and Madinah
Muzdailifah is plain between Mina and Arafat
Arafat is 9 miles from Makkah. Stay here is obligatory
during Hajj
Safa and Marwa are 2 hills where Hazrat Hajra ran to find
water for her baby Ismail. Climbing these 2 hills shows
maternal love and is known as Sayi
3 pillars: Jamarat-ul-Uqba, Jamarat-ul-Wusta and Jamarat-
al-Sughra are 3 places where satan tried to stop Ibrahim
and he was stoned. Muslims do the same called rami

Method

WWW.ZNOTES.ORG Copyright © 2025 ZNotes Education & Foundation. All Rights Reserved. This document is
authorised for personal use only by Farhan at undefined on 27/01/25.
CAIE IGCSE ISLAMIYAT

On the 8th Dhul Hijjah Muslims wear Ihram and go to

Mina
On the 9th Dhul Hijjah, they offer fajr at Mina and leave
for Arafat. Asr and Zuhr are prayed together and then
they leave for Muzdalifah. Maghrib and Isha are prayed
together and 49 pebbles for rami are collected
On the 10th Dhul Hijjah, they go back to Mina 7 pebbles
are thrown at Jamarat-ul-iqbal. Heads are shaved and
sacrifice is done. Sayi is also performed. Leaves for Mina.
Tawaf Ziyarat is also performed
On 11th, 12th and 13th rami is done and tawaf-e-wida is
performed

6. Jihad
Jihad is every action in which a form of struggle occurs in
the name of Allah

There are 5 types of Jihad:

Jihad against one’s self means fighting un-Islamic desires
in one. It is regarded as one of the greatest jihad
Jihad of tongue is to uphold the truth and speak against
any injustice. When a man asked which jihad is better
Prophet(pbuh) said “A word of truth spoken in front of an
oppressive ruler”
Jihad by the knowledge is to study about Islam and write
about it. Hadith says “ink of a scholar is holier than blood
of a martyr”
Jihad by hand is jihad of action e.g. giving charity or
helping poor. Prophet(pbuh) said “A person whose feet
become dust ridden because of striving in way of Allah
will never be touched by flames of hell”
Jihad by sword
It is fighting in way of Allah
Quran says “fight in way of Allah those who fight you”
Become compulsory when the ideology and lives of
Muslims are under threat.
The rules of Jihad are to not kill civilians, old, women,
children and animals. To not destroy trees or places
of worship and to treat prisoners fairly

WWW.ZNOTES.ORG Copyright © 2025 ZNotes Education & Foundation. All Rights Reserved. This document is
authorised for personal use only by Farhan at undefined on 27/01/25.
CAIE IGCSE
Islamiyat

© ZNotes Education Ltd. & ZNotes Foundation 2024. All rights reserved.
This version was created by Farhan on Mon Jan 27 2025 for strictly personal use only.
These notes have been created by Meerab Farouq, Rania Shoaib for the 2024-2025 syllabus.
The document contains images and excerpts of text from educational resources available on the internet and printed books.
If you are the owner of such media, test or visual, utilized in this document and do not accept its usage then we urge you to contact us
and we would immediately replace said media. No part of this document may be copied or re-uploaded to another website.
Under no conditions may this document be distributed under the name of false author(s) or sold for financial gain.
"ZNotes" and the ZNotes logo are trademarks of ZNotes Education Limited (registration UK00003478331).