†Kvm©wUKv ● AbjvBb jvwb©s cøvUdg©

GBPGmwm cixÿv cÖ¯‘wZi DËimn c~Y©v½ g‡Wj †U÷-1

1. mvgvwRK weÁvb Abyl‡`i Ggb GKUv cwVZ welq Av‡Q †hwUi ZvwË¡K, e¨envwiK Ges DbœZ †`k¸‡jv‡Z †ckv wn‡m‡e
¯^xK„wZ †c‡q‡Q| GwU ˆeÁvwbK c×wZ‡Z mgm¨v wPwýZKiY, cªwZKvi, cªwZ‡iva I Dbœqbg~jK Kv‡Ri mv‡_ m‡PZbZv
m„wó I gvbem¤ú` Dbœq‡b f~wgKv iv‡L|
K. mgvRKg© †Kvb ai‡bi weÁvb?
L. eûgyLx mgm¨vi mgvavb ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
M. DÏxc‡K mvgvwRK weÁvb Abyl‡`i †Kvb wel‡qi Bw½Z Kiv n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ welqwUi cwiwa Av‡jvPbv Ki|
2. †gvnb GKwU mgvR Dbœqbg~jK ms¯’vq Kg©iZ| Zvi ms¯’vwU MªvgxY f~wgnxb‡`i e„wËg~jK cªwk¶Y †`q| bvix I wkï
wbh©vZb †iv‡a m‡PZbZvg~jK Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i| Avevi bvix I wkï wbh©vZ‡bi KviY AbymÜvb K‡i Zv †gvKvwejvi
Dcvq D™¢ve‡b wb‡qvwRZ _v‡K|
K. Aa¨vcK WweøD. G. wdªWj¨vÛvi wjwLZ GKwU eB‡qi bvg †jL|
L. AvZ¥Kg©ms¯’vb ej‡Z Kx †evS?
M. DÏxc‡K mgvRK‡g©i cwiwafy³ †hme Kvh©µ‡gi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q Zv eY©bv Ki|
N. '†gvn‡bi ms¯’vi Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g mgvRK‡g©i cwiwai mvgvb¨B cªwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q'- Dw³wU e¨vL¨v Ki|
3. BD‡iv‡ci GKwU ivóª Zv‡`i †`‡ki `wi`ª I feNy‡i‡`i mgm¨v mgvav‡bi j‡¶¨ GKwU AvBb cªYqb K‡i| G AvB‡b
ivóª `wi`ª‡`i `vwqZ¡ MªnY Kivi cvkvcvwk Am”Qj `wi`ª‡`i `vwqZ¡ †bIqvi Rb¨ m”Qj AvZ¥xq¯^Rb‡K eva¨ Kiv nq|
K. †Kv_vq mgvRKg© †ckvi cwic~Y©Zv cvq?
L. bMivqY Kx?
M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ AvBbwU †Kvb weL¨vZ `wi`ª AvB‡bi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y©? e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K evsjv‡`‡k G AvB‡bi cª‡qvM m¤¢ve¨Zv hvPvB Ki|
4. GKwU †`‡ki Av_©-mvgvwRK mgm¨v †gvKvwejvi Rb¨ GKwU KwgwU MVb Kiv n‡qwQj| G KwgwU mgm¨vi cuvPwU KviY
wPwýZ K‡i G¸‡jv `~ixKi‡Yi Rb¨ cuvPwU mycvwik K‡ib| G¸‡jv ev¯Íevqb †`‡ki Dbœq‡b my`yi cªmvix f~wgKv iv‡L|
K. `wi`ª AvBb Kx?
L. A¶g `wi`ª ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
M. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ cvV¨eB‡qi †Kvb wi‡cvU© Gi mv`„k¨ Av‡Q? e¨vL¨v `vI|
N. G wi‡cv‡U©i ¸iæZ¡ Zy‡j ai|
5. Avwni I Rvwng †QvU‡ejvi eÜy| GK mv‡_ eo n‡q‡Q, Gm Gm wm I cvm K‡i‡Q GKB cªwZôvb †_‡K| wKš‘ Gici
Avwn‡ii †jLvcov eÜ n‡q hvq| Avi Rvwng wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K D”Pwk¶v MªnY Kivi ci †m GKwU K‡j‡R wk¶K
wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb K‡i| Avi Avwni Zvi evevi mv‡_ e¨emvq wb‡qvwRZ
K. g~j¨‡eva Kx?
L. †ckvi †¶‡Î Revew`wnZv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †Kb?
M. DÏxc‡K Avwni Ges Rvwng, G‡`i Kvi Kg©wU †ckv? e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. ÒmKj †ckvB e„wË wKš‘ mKj e„wË †ckv bqÓ- we‡kølY Ki|
6. Avjvj I `yjvj evj¨eÜy| `yRbB cªvBgvwi ch©šÍ GKmv‡_ †jLvcov K‡i‡Q| cªvBgvwii ci Avjv‡ji †jLvcov eÜ n‡q
hvq| wKš‘ `yjvj †jLvcov †kl K‡i mgv‡Ri GKRb cªwZwôZ Wv³vi wn‡m‡e mybv‡gi mv‡_ KvR Ki‡Q|
K. g~j¨‡eva Kx?
L. mgvRKg© g~j¨‡eva ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
M. DÏxc‡Ki `yjv‡ji RxweKv AR©‡bi cš’v‡K Kx bv‡g AwfwnZ Kiv hvq? D³ wel‡qi ˆewk󨸇jv Av‡jvPbv Ki|
 N. DÏxc‡Ki Avjvj I `yjv‡ji RxweKv AR©‡bi cš’vi g‡a¨ ˆemv`„k¨ Av‡jvPbv Ki|
7. evev-gv‡K nvwi‡q †QvU wecvkv gvgvi gva¨‡g Avkªq †bq miKvwi wkï cwiev‡i| GLv‡b †m cvwievwiK cwi‡e‡ki ga¨
w`‡qB †e‡o IVvi my‡hvM cv‡e| †jLvcovi cvkvcvwk Zv‡K GLv‡b KvwiMwi wk¶vI cª`vb Kiv n‡”Q| Zvi g‡Zv AviI
AmsL¨ GwZg †Q‡j‡g‡qiv G Avkªq‡K‡›`ª evm K‡i Ges h_vh_ wk¶v cvq|
K. 'Kj¨vY' kãwUi Bs‡iwR cªwZkã Kx?
L. mgvRKj¨vY ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
M. DÏxc‡Ki cªwZôvbwU mgvRKj¨v‡Yi D‡Ïk¨‡K Kxfv‡e cªwZdwjZ K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. wecvkv‡K mnvqZv Kivi gva¨‡g D³ cªwZôvbwU Iqvëvi G. wdªWj¨vÛvi cª`Ë mgvRKj¨v‡Yi aviYv‡KB cªwZôv
K‡i‡Q- we‡kølY Ki|
8. Kv‡qm mv‡ne Zvi gv`Kvm³ †Q‡j‡K ms‡kva‡bi Rb¨ GKwU wbivgq †K‡›`ª wb‡q †M‡jb| †mLv‡b Kg©iZ mgvRKg©x
mgvRK‡g©i †gŠwjK c×wZi GKwU cªwµqv AbymiY K‡i gv`Kvm³ †Q‡jwUi mgm¨v mgvav‡bi †Póv K‡ib|
K. mgvRK‡g©i mnvqK c×wZ KqwU?
L. mgwó msMVb ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
M. DÏxc‡K mgvRK‡g©i †Kvb †gŠwjK c×wZi Bw½Z i‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. 'DÏxc‡K Bw½ZK„Z c×wZwU gv`Kvm³ †Q‡jwUi mgm¨v mgvav‡b f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i'- we‡kølY Ki|
9. evsjv‡`‡ki Dbœq‡bi †cªw¶‡Z MªvgxY e¨vsK GK Abb¨ bvg| Mªv‡gi `y¯’ I Amnvq m¤úª`v‡qi Dbœq‡b G e¨vsK Zv‡`i‡K
cª`vb K‡i _v‡K| Gi gva¨‡g G e¨vsK Mªv‡gi Amnvq RbMY‡K ¯^vej¤^x Ki‡Z f~wgKv ivL‡Q Ges Zv‡`i Drcv`b
e„wׇZ mvnvh¨ Ki‡Q| Gi cªfv‡e evsjv‡`‡ki wcwQ‡q _vKv Rb‡Mvôx †`‡ki Dbœq‡b Ask wb‡”Q Ges evsjv‡`‡ki
Av_©mvgvwRK Dbœqb Z¡ivwš^Z n‡”Q|
K. mvgvwRK Dbœq‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨i †cª¶vcU‡K KZ fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq?
L. mvgvwRK Dbœqb ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
M. DÏxc‡Ki cªwZôvbwU mvgvwRK Dbœq‡b Kxfv‡e mvnvh¨ Ki‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. DÏxc‡Ki cªwZôvbwUi Kvh©Kjv‡ci ga¨ w`‡q mvgvwRK Dbœq‡b mgvRK‡g©i j¶¨I c~iY n‡q‡Q- gšÍe¨wU g~j¨vqb
Ki|
10. Rbve dRj GKRb †ckv`vi mgvRKg©x| wZwb mgm¨vMª¯Í e¨w³i Ici †Rvic~e©K †Kv‡bv wm×všÍ Pvwc‡q †`b bv| wm×všÍ
Mªn‡Yi †¶‡Î e¨w³i gZvgZ cªKv‡ki ¯^vaxbZv †`Iqv nq| hv‡Z mgm¨vMª¯Í e¨w³ wb‡RB wb‡Ri wm×všÍ Mªn‡Y m¶g
nq|
K. e¨w³ mgvRK‡g©i Dcv`vb KqwU?
L. mgvRKg© †ckv ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
M. DÏxc‡K e¨w³ mgvRK‡g©i †Kvb bxwZi Bw½Z i‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. e¨w³i mgm¨v mgvav‡b D³ bxwZi Zvrch© we‡kølY Ki|
11. mygvBqv GKwU †gvwU‡fkb †m›Uv‡i KvDwÝji wn‡m‡e mgvRKg©xi f~wgKvq KvR K‡i| iv‡k` bv‡gi GKRb mgm¨vMª¯Í
e¨w³ Zvi Kv‡Q mvnv‡h¨i Rb¨ Av‡m| †m iv‡k`‡K mv`‡i MªnY K‡i Ges Zvi mv‡_ †ckvMZ m¤úK© M‡o †Zv‡j| †m
iv‡k‡`i mv‡_ wewfbœ wel‡q GKv‡šÍ Av‡jvPbv K‡i Ges Zvi Z‡_¨i †MvcbxqZv wbwðZ K‡i| mygvBqv iv‡k‡`i mv‡_
mve©¶wYK †hvMv‡hvM wbwðZ K‡i| Zvi AskMªnY wbwðZKi‡Y Zvi cQ›`, AcQ›` I gZvgZ‡K ¸iæZ¡ †`q| d‡j Zvi
mgvavb djcªm~ nq|
K. mgvRK‡g©i mnvqK c×wZ KqwU?
L. mgwó Dbœqb ej‡Z Kx †evS?
M. DÏxc‡K mygvBqv iv‡k‡`i mgm¨v mgvav‡b e¨w³ mgvRK‡g©i †hme bxwZgvjv cª‡qvM K‡i‡Q Zvi eY©bv `vI|
N. Òi¨v‡cv e¨w³ mgvRK‡g©i AvZ¥v¯^iƒcÓ- mgm¨v mgvav‡b i&hv‡cvi ¸iæZ¡ D‡jøLc~e©K e³e¨wU we‡kølY Ki|
 DËigvjv
1. mvgvwRK weÁvb Abyl‡`i Ggb GKUv cwVZ welq Av‡Q †hwUi ZvwË¡K, e¨envwiK Ges DbœZ †`k¸‡jv‡Z †ckv wn‡m‡e
¯^xK„wZ †c‡q‡Q| GwU ˆeÁvwbK c×wZ‡Z mgm¨v wPwýZKiY, cªwZKvi, cªwZ‡iva I Dbœqbg~jK Kv‡Ri mv‡_ m‡PZbZv
m„wó I gvbem¤ú` Dbœq‡b f~wgKv iv‡L|
K. mgvRKg© †Kvb ai‡bi weÁvb?
L. eûgyLx mgm¨vi mgvavb ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
M. DÏxc‡K mvgvwRK weÁvb Abyl‡`i †Kvb wel‡qi Bw½Z Kiv n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ welqwUi cwiwa Av‡jvPbv Ki|
1 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
K. mgvRKg© GKai‡bi mvgvwRK weÁvb|
L. mgvRKg© eûgyLx mgm¨vi mgvavb‡Kw›`ªK ˆeÁvwbK c×wZwbf©i GKwU mvnvh¨Kvix I m¶gKvix †ckv| mgvRK‡g©i j¶¨
n‡jv mgvRRxeb †_‡K mKj cªKvi RwUj mgm¨v `~i K‡i cwiKwíZ Dcv‡q Kvw•¶Z I MVbg~jK Av_©mvgvwRK I
mvs¯‹…wZK cwi‡ek m„wói gva¨‡g mKj gvby‡li ˆ`wnK, gvbwmK, mvgvwRK, cvwievwiK, A_©‰bwZK I ˆbwZK Z_v mvgwMªK
Kj¨vY mva‡b mnvqZv Kiv| †m Kvi‡Y mgvRKg©‡K eûgyLx mgm¨vi mgvav‡b eûgvwÎK †ckv ejv nq|
M. DÏxc‡K mvgvwRK weÁvb Abyl‡`i AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq 'mgvRKg©‡K' Bw½Z Kiv n‡q‡Q|
mvaviYfv‡e mgvRKg© n‡jv ˆeÁvwbK c×wZwbf©i Ggb GKwU mvnvh¨Kvix †ckv, hv mgvR¯’ e¨w³, `j I mgwói wewfbœ
mgm¨vi myôy mgvavb I Dbœq‡b Ggbfv‡e mnvqZv K‡i hv‡Z Zviv wb‡R‡`i m¤ú‡`i m‡e©vËg e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g wb‡R‡`i
mgm¨v wb‡RivB mgvavb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
WweøD. G. wdªWj¨vÛvi mgvRKg© m¤ú‡K© e‡jb, ÒmgvRKg© ˆeÁvwbK Ávb I gvbe m¤úK© welqK `¶Zvi Ici wfwËkxj
Ggb GK †ckv`vi †mevKg© hv e¨w³, `j ev Rbmgwó‡K mvgvwRK ev e¨w³MZ mš‘wó Ges ¯^vaxbZv jv‡f mnvqZv
K‡i|Ó
mgvRKg© n‡”Q mymsMwVZ mgvRKj¨vY e¨e¯’vi ˆeÁvwbK cªwµqv| AvaywbK mgvRRxe‡b cwiewZ©Z mgvRe¨e¯’vq bvbvgyLx
mgm¨v mgvav‡b mgvRK‡g©i D™¢e| wkívqb I knivq‡bi d‡j m„wó RwUj I eûgyLx mgm¨vi Kvh©Ki †gvKvwejvq
`¶Zvm¤úbœ ev †ckv`vi mgvRKwg©MY mgvRK‡g©i Ávb, AwfÁZv, ˆbcyY¨Zv‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q mvgvwRK M‡elYvi gva¨‡g
mgm¨vi KviY, cªK„wZ I cªfve wbY©q K‡i mgm¨vi Kvh©Ki mgvavb K‡i _v‡K|
AZGe ejv hvq, DÏxc‡K Bw½ZK„Z welqwU n‡”Q mgvRKg©|
N. Av‡gwiKvi RvZxq mgvRKg©x mwgwZ (NASW) cªKvwkZ G¨vbmvB‡K¬v‡cwWqv Ae †mvk¨vj IqvK© Mª‡š’ (17Zg GwWkb)
mgvRKg© Ávb I `¶Zv Abykxj‡bi e¨vcK †¶Î Zy‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| mgvRKg© Abykxj‡bi e¨vcK cwiwai AšÍfy³ © cªavb
†¶Î¸‡jv n‡jv-
gv`Kvmw³ wbqš¿Y, cªwZ‡iva I wPwKrmv †mev; cªexYKj¨vY †mev; mgwói Kj¨vY Ges gvbe‡mev cwiKíbv; Aciva I
wK‡kvi Aciva ms‡kvab †mev; cªwZeÜx Ges ˆ`wnK cªwZeÜx †mev; mgvRKg© †ckvi Dbœq‡b wk¶v‡mev; cwi‡ek Ges
mvgvwRK cwiKíbv; cwievi cwiKíbv I RbmsL¨v cwiKíbv; cvwievwiK wk¶v KvD‡Ýwjs; ¯^v¯’¨‡mev KwgDwbwU gvbwmK
¯^v¯’¨, cªRbb civgk©, ¯^v¯’¨ I nvmcvZvj cwiKíbv, gvZ„ I wkï¯^v¯’¨, Rb¯^v¯’¨ Kg©m~wP| GQvovI M„nvqb Ges M„n‡Kw›`ªK
†mev; gvbwmK ¯^v¯’¨ Ges eyw× cªwZeÜx †mev; Awfevmx cybe©vmb †mev; cªwZ‡ewk †mev; wkï I cªexY‡`i msi¶Y †mev;
miKvwi mgvRKj¨vY †mevmg~n; mvgvwRK mvnvh¨ Ges mvgvwRK wbivcËv †mev; wPËwe‡bv`b Ges cwi‡ek Dbœqb
cwiKíbv; mgvRK‡g© M‡elYv; we`¨vjq mgvRKg©, mvgvwRK bxwZi Dbœqb; hye‡mev G‡RwÝ Ges Kg©m~wP; kªgKj¨vY,
wkí I e¨emvi †¶‡Î mgvRKg© †mev; msL¨vjNy †mev; cjøx mgvR‡mev cªwZôvb|

2. †gvnb GKwU mgvR Dbœqbg~jK ms¯’vq Kg©iZ| Zvi ms¯’vwU MªvgxY f~wgnxb‡`i e„wËg~jK cªwk¶Y †`q| bvix I wkï
wbh©vZb †iv‡a m‡PZbZvg~jK Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i| Avevi bvix I wkï wbh©vZ‡bi KviY AbymÜvb K‡i Zv †gvKvwejvi
Dcvq D™¢ve‡b wb‡qvwRZ _v‡K|
K. Aa¨vcK WweøD. G. wdªWj¨vÛvi wjwLZ GKwU eB‡qi bvg †jL|
L. AvZ¥Kg©ms¯’vb ej‡Z Kx †evS?
M. DÏxc‡K mgvRK‡g©i cwiwafy³ †hme Kvh©µ‡gi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q Zv eY©bv Ki|
N. '†gvn‡bi ms¯’vi Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g mgvRK‡g©i cwiwai mvgvb¨B cªwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q'- Dw³wU e¨vL¨v Ki|
 2 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
K. Aa¨vcK WweøD. G. wdªWj¨vÛvi wjwLZ GKwU eB‡qi bvg n‡jv - Introduction to Social Welfare.
L. wb‡RB wb‡Ri Kg©ms¯’v‡bi e¨e¯’v Kiv‡K AvZ¥Kg©ms¯’vb e‡j| AviI GKUy ¯úó K‡i ejv hvq †h, wbR¯^ A_ev FY
Kiv ¯^í m¤ú` wbR¯^ wPšÍv, Ávb, eyw×gËv I `¶Zv‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q b¨~bZg SyuwK wb‡q AvZ¥cª‡Póvq RxweKv AR©‡bi
e¨e¯’v‡K AvZ¥Kg©ms¯’vb ejv nq|
M. DÏxc‡K mgvRK‡g©i cwiwafy³ MªvgxY mgvR‡mev, mgvR ms¯‹vi I mvgvwRK AvB‡bi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q|
MªvgxY mgvR‡mevi AvIZvq `vwi`ª¨ f~wgnxb K„lK I kªwgK‡`i‡K e„wËg~jK cªwk¶‡Yi gva¨‡g Kg©¶g I AvZ¥wbf©ikxj
e¨w³‡Z iƒcvšÍi Kiv nq| G‡¶‡Î e„wËg~jK I Dbœqb Kg©m~wP, my`gy³ FY`vb Kg©m~wP, eq¯‹‡K›`ª, hye‡K›`ª, wkï‡K›`ª
cªf„wZ Mªvg Dbœqb Kg©m~wPi Øviv MªvgxY RbM‡Yi fvM¨ cwieZ©‡bi †Póv Kiv nq| d‡j f~wgnxb, `vwi`ª¨ †jv‡Kiv GKwU
†`‡ki †evSv bv n‡q m¤ú‡` cwiYZ nq| DÏxc‡Ki ms¯’vwU bvix I wkï wbh©vZb‡iv‡a m‡PZbZvg~jK Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv
K‡i hv mgvRK‡g©i cwiwafy³ mgvR ms¯‹v‡ii mv‡_ mv`„k¨c~Y©| †h mgv‡R bvix I wkï wbh©vwZZ I Ae‡nwjZ †m mgv‡R
mgvRKj¨vY cª‡Póv mdj n‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB mgvRKg© e¨e¯’vq mvgvwRK Kvh©µ‡g c×wZi Øviv mgvR ms¯‹vi I
mvgvwRK AvBb cªYq‡bi cwi‡ek m„wó Kiv nq| Av‡gwiKv Ges weª‡U‡bi mgvRKj¨vY e¨e¯’vi Dbœq‡b wewfbœ mgvR
ms¯‹vig~jK Kg©KvÐ Ges mvgvwRK AvBb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb ivL‡Q|
N. DÏxc‡K †gvn‡bi ms¯’vq mgvRK‡g©i cwiwafy³ MªvgxY mvgvR‡mev, mgvRms¯‹vi I mvgvwRK AvB‡bi cªwZdjb N‡U‡Q|
Øviv mgvRK‡g©i cwiwai mgMª welq bq, eis mvgvb¨B wZdwjZ n‡q‡Q| GQvovI mgvRK‡g©i cwiwafy³ †hme welq
†q‡Q Zv n‡jv-
mvgvwRK bxwZ I cwiKíbv : mgvR KvVv‡gv, mvgvwRK g~j¨‡eva mvgvwRK mgm¨v I mvgvwRK cª‡qvRb m¤ú‡K© AwfÁ
mgvRKwg©MY ivóªxq ch©v‡q Ges wewfbœ Kg©m~wPi bxwZ wba©viY I cwiKíbv cªYq‡b D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ae`vb iv‡L| myZivs
mvgvwRK bxwZ I cwiKíbv cªYqb mgvRK‡g©i cwiwafy³|
bgvRKj¨vY Kg©m~wP : mvgvwRK bxwZ‡K RbM‡Yi Rb¨ †mev Dc‡hvMx K‡i †Zvjvi Rb¨ we‡kl we‡kl †¶‡Î we‡kl
we‡kl Kg©m~wP MªnY Kiv nq| †hgb wkïKj¨vY, hyeKj¨vY, bvixKj¨vY, ¯^v¯’¨‡mev BZ¨vw`| G mg¯Í Kg©m~wPi myôy I
Kvh©Kix ev¯Íevq‡b AvaywbK Kj¨vY †KŠkj ( welfare strategy) AwfÁ mgvRKwg©MY D‡jøL‡hvM¨ f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|
Av_©mvgvwRK Dbœqb : mgvRKg© mvwe©K Dbœqb e¨e¯’v wn‡m‡e †h‡Kv‡bv mgwói Av_©mvgvwRK Dbœq‡b e¨eüZ n‡”Q| mgwó
Dbœqb Kg©m~wP wn‡m‡e mvgvwRK m‡PZbZv m„wó, AwaKvi I KZ©e¨ m‡PZbZv, mvgvwRK f~wgKv cvjb, ¶gZvi Dbœqb,
e„wËg~jK cªwk¶Y Ges Ab¨vb¨ Dcv‡q Avq DcvR©b mswkøó †¶‡Î mgvRKg© Dbœqbkxj †`kmg~‡n h‡_ó djcªm~Zv AR©b
K‡i‡Q|
kvixwiK cªwZeÜx Kg©m~wP : AÜ, gyK-ewai I Ab¨vb¨ cªwZeÜx‡`i Kj¨v‡Y wewfbœ ai‡bi cªwZeÜx Kg©m~wP cwiPvwjZ n‡q
_v‡K| hvi g‡a¨ AÜ ¯‹yj, gyK-ewai ¯‹yj, kvixwiK weKjv½ cªwk¶Y I cybe©vmb Kg©m~wP Ab¨Zg| miKvwi I †emiKvwi
D‡`¨v‡M cwiPvwjZ wewfbœ Kg©m~wP‡Z we‡klÁ mgvRKwg©MY Kvh©Kix f~wgKv cvjb K‡i hv‡”Q|
mvgvwRK M‡elYv : mvgvwRK AvšÍtwµqv I mvgvwRK mgm¨v m¤úwK©Z Z_¨ msMª‡ni ˆeÁvwbK I c×wZMZ AbymÜvb
cªwµqv‡K mvgvwRK M‡elYv e‡j| mgvRK‡g©i e„nr †¶Î‡K AwaKZi Kvh©Kix I djcªm~Ki‡Yi ¯^v‡_© mvgvwRK
M‡elYv‡K Gi Ab¨Zg †¶Î wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq|
GQvovI kni mgvR‡mev Kg©m~wP, cvwievwiK †mev, gvbwmK †mev, ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cªf„wZ mgvRK‡g©i cwiwafy³| ZvB ejv
hvq, †gvn‡bi ms¯’vi Kv‡R mgvRK‡g©i cwiwai AvswkK cªwZdjb N‡U‡Q|

3. BD‡iv‡ci GKwU ivóª Zv‡`i †`‡ki `wi`ª I feNy‡i‡`i mgm¨v mgvav‡bi j‡¶¨ GKwU AvBb cªYqb K‡i| G AvB‡b
ivóª `wi`ª‡`i `vwqZ¡ MªnY Kivi cvkvcvwk Am”Qj `wi`ª‡`i `vwqZ¡ †bIqvi Rb¨ m”Qj AvZ¥xq¯^Rb‡K eva¨ Kiv nq|
K. †Kv_vq mgvRKg© †ckvi cwic~Y©Zv cvq?
L. bMivqY Kx?
M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ AvBbwU †Kvb weL¨vZ `wi`ª AvB‡bi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y©? e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K evsjv‡`‡k G AvB‡bi cª‡qvM m¤¢ve¨Zv hvPvB Ki|
3 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
K. Av‡gwiKvq mgvRKg© †ckvi cwic~Y©Zv cvq|
L. bMivqY ej‡Z Ggb GKwU cªwµqv‡K †evSvq, hv‡Z K„wlwfwËK †ckv ev Rxebe¨e¯’v †_‡K AK„wlwfwËK †ckvq ev
Rxebc×wZ‡Z gvbyl ¯’vbvšÍwiZ nq| MªvgxY Rxebc×wZ †_‡K kû‡i Rxebc×wZ‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ nIqv I †mB †gvZv‡eK
e¨envwiK, ixwZbxwZi cwieZ©b mvabB n‡”Q bMivqY|
M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ AvBbwU Bsj¨v‡Ûi 1601 mv‡ji GwjRv‡e_xq `wi`ª AvB‡bi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y©|
1601 mv‡ji GwjRv‡e_xq `wi`ª AvBb Bsj¨v‡Ûi BwZnv‡m `wi`ª‡`i Kj¨v‡Y GKwU hyMvšÍKvix c`‡¶c| c~e©eZ©x `wi`ª
AvBb¸‡jvi e¨_©Zv I AmviZv `~i Kiv, `wi`ª‡`i h_vh_ I myôy mvnvh¨`vb, Kg©ms¯’vb m„wó K‡i `wi`ª‡`i AvZ¥wbf©ikxj
Kiv I mvwe©K e¨e¯’v Mªn‡Yi gva¨‡g `wi`ª‡`i fv‡M¨vbœq‡bi j‡¶¨ GB AvBb cªYqb Kiv nq| GB `wi`ª AvB‡b `wi`ª‡`i
m¶g, A¶g Ges wbf©ikxj evjK-evwjKv- G wZb fv‡M fvM K‡i c„_K Kvh©µ‡gi gva¨‡g cybe©vm‡bi e¨e¯’v MªnY Kiv
nq| Am”Qj ev Amnvq `wi`ª e¨w³i cwievi ev AvZ¥xq¯^Rb m¤ú`kvjx n‡j Zv‡K mvnvh¨`v‡bi ZvwjKvfy³ Kiv n‡Zv
bv| m”Qj AvZ¥xq¯^Rb m¤úbœ `wi`ª‡`i wf¶v †`Iqv I †bIqv `y‡UvB wbwl× †NvlYv Kiv nq|
myZivs †`Lv hv‡”Q, DÏxc‡Ki BD‡ivcxq ivóªwUi AvBbwUi mv‡_ GB AvBbwU wg‡j hv‡”Q| AZGe ejv hvq, DÏxc‡K
DwjøwLZ AvBbwU Bsj¨v‡Ûi 1601 mv‡ji GwjRv‡e_xq `wi`ª AvB‡bi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y©|
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 1601 mv‡ji GwjRv‡e_xq `wi`ª AvBbwU evsjv‡`‡ki wf¶ve„wË nªv‡m mnvqK n‡e |
evsjv‡`‡k wf¶ve„wË eZ©gv‡b mvgvwRK mgm¨vq iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡q‡Q| †hLv‡b cªK„Z wf¶yK‡`i cvkvcvwk QÙ‡ekx
wf¶yK‡`i cªvavb¨ †`Lv hvq| mgv‡R †eKviZ¡ e„w× †c‡q‡Q| GB †cª¶vc‡U 1601 mv‡ji `wi`ª AvBbwU cª‡qvM Kiv
†h‡Z cv‡i| †Kbbv Bsj¨v‡Û wf¶ve„wË `gb I †eKviZ¡ `~ixKi‡Yi cvkvcvwk `wi`ª‡`i mvnvh¨`vb‡K †K›`ª K‡i Zv‡`i
fv‡M¨vbœq‡bi j‡¶¨ AvBbwU cªYxZ nq| GB `wi`ª AvB‡b `wi`ª‡`i m¶g, A¶g Ges wbf©ikxj evjK-evwjKv -G wZb
fv‡M fvM K‡i c„_K Kvh©µ‡gi gva¨‡g cybe©vm‡bi e¨e¯’v MªnY Kiv nq| mej I Kg©¶g wf¶yK‡`i wf¶v`vb K‡Vvifv‡e
wbwl× Kiv n‡qwQj| Zv‡`i‡K kªgvMv‡i A_ev ms‡kvabvMv‡i KvR Ki‡Z eva¨ Kiv n‡Zv| GB D‡`¨v‡Mi gva¨‡g
evsjv‡`‡ki †eKviZ¡ mgm¨v I QÙ‡ekx wf¶yK‡`i `~ixKi‡Y Kvh©Ki f~wgKv ivL‡e| A¶g `wi`ª‡`i cªwZ cwievi, m”Qj
AvZ¥xq¯^Rb‡`i `vwqZ¡ ¯^xK„wZ †`Iqv nq| m”Qj †KD bv _vK‡j miKvwifv‡e Zv‡`i Rb¨ evwn¨K mvnv‡h¨i e¨e¯’v Kiv
nq| GB D‡`¨v‡Mi gva¨‡g evsjv‡`‡ki eZ©gvb mgm¨vi A‡bKUv mgvavb Kiv m¤¢e| Ab¨w`‡K wbf©ikxj evjK-
evwjKv‡`i Rb¨ `ËK e¨e¯’v MªnY Kiv nq| AvBb ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ ¯’vbxq c¨vwimwfwËK `vwqZ¡ MªnY Kiv nq|
myZivs mKj w`K we‡ePbvq ejv hvq, evsjv‡`‡ki eZ©gvb †cª¶vc‡U 1601 mv‡ji GwjRv‡e_xq `wi`ª AvBbwU cª‡qvM
Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

4. GKwU †`‡ki Av_©-mvgvwRK mgm¨v †gvKvwejvi Rb¨ GKwU KwgwU MVb Kiv n‡qwQj| G KwgwU mgm¨vi cuvPwU KviY
wPwýZ K‡i G¸‡jv `~ixKi‡Yi Rb¨ cuvPwU mycvwik K‡ib| G¸‡jv ev¯Íevqb †`‡ki Dbœq‡b my`yi cªmvix f~wgKv iv‡L|
K. `wi`ª AvBb Kx?
L. A¶g `wi`ª ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
M. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ cvV¨eB‡qi †Kvb wi‡cvU© Gi mv`„k¨ Av‡Q? e¨vL¨v `vI|
N. G wi‡cv‡U©i ¸iæZ¡ Zy‡j ai|
4 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
K. PZy`©k kZvãx n‡Z Ebwesk kZvãx ch©šÍ Bsj¨vÛ I Av‡gwiKv‡Z miKvi cªYxZ `wi`ª‡`i wbqš¿Y I `gbg~jK AvBbB
`wi`ª AvBb|
L. hviv KvRKg© K‡i RxweKv wbe©vn Ki‡Z A¶g Zv‡`i‡K A¶g `wi`ª ejv nq| iæMœ, e„×, AÜ, ewai, weKjv½, Db¥v`
cªf„wZ A¶g `wi`ª †kªwYi AšÍf©y³| G †kªwY‡K wbev‡m ivLv n‡Zv Ges †mLv‡b mva¨g‡Zv KvR Ki‡Z n‡Zv|
M. DÏxc‡K 'K' †`‡ki wi‡cvU©wUi mv‡_ HwZnvwmK wefvwiR wi‡cv‡U©i wgj i‡q‡Q|
wefvwiR wi‡cvU© n‡”Q mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wP cªYqbmsµvšÍ GK cªwZ‡e`b| Bsj¨v‡Ûi mvgvwRK wbivcËv e¨e¯’vi
†¶‡Î `xN© 18 gvm me©¯Í‡ii RbM‡Yi gZvgZ mv‡c‡¶ 1942 mv‡j m¨vi DBwjqvg wefvwiR-Gi †bZ„Z¡vaxb ÔmvgvwRK
wegv I Abyiƒc Kg©m~wPi AvšÍtwefvMxq KwgwU' GKwU wi‡cvU© †ck K‡ib, hv BwZnv‡m wefvwiR wi‡cvU© bv‡g L¨vZ|
AvaywbK Bsj¨v‡Ûi mvgvwRK wbivcËv e¨e¯’v cªeZ©‡b 1942 mv‡ji mvgvwRK wbivcËvg~jK Kg©m~wPi f~wgKv D‡jøL‡hvM¨|
wefvwiR wi‡cv‡U© gvbemgv‡Ri AMªMwZi cªavb AšÍivq I cªwZeÜKZv wn‡m‡e cuvPwU KviY D‡jøL Kiv nq| hv‡K Kwgkb
c‰`Z¨ e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i| G¸‡jv n‡jv- 1. Afve, 2. †ivMe¨vwa, 3. AÁZv, 4. gwjbZv A_©vr A¯^v¯’¨Ki †bvsiv
 cwi‡ek I 5. AjmZv| wefvwi‡Ri g‡Z, mgvR †_‡K G c½y‰`Z¨ AcmviY Kiv †M‡j mgv‡R myL-mg„w× Avbv m¤¢e|
GRb¨ wZwb G mgm¨v mgvav‡b mycvwikI cª`vb K‡iwQ‡jb| DÏxc‡Ki wefvwiR wi‡cv‡U©i Z‡_¨i m`„k|
myZivs †`Lv hv‡”Q, DÏxc‡K Av‡jvwPZ wi‡cvU© Ges wefvwiR wi‡cv‡U©i g‡a¨ wgj i‡q‡Q|
N. DÏxc‡K Bw½ZK„Z wefvwiR wi‡cvU©wUi ¸iæZ¡ wePv‡i ejv hvq, Bsj¨v‡Ûi mvgvwRK wbivcËv KvVv‡gv m„wó‡Z Abe`¨
f~wgKv †i‡L mgvR‡mevi †¶‡Î gvBjdjK n‡q Av‡Q|
wØZxq wek¦hy× cieZ©x mg‡q Bsj¨v‡Û †h, mvgvwRK AwbðqZv I wbivcËvnxbZvi m„wó nq, Zv wbim‡bi j‡¶¨ GKwU
Kvh©Ki c`‡¶c wn‡m‡e 1942 mv‡ji mvgvwRK wbivcËvg~jK Kg©m~wPi m~ÎcvZ N‡U| hv wefvwiR wi‡cv‡U©i Ici wfwË
K‡i cªYqb Kiv nq| wefvwiR wi‡cv‡U©i mycvwik¸‡jv Bsj¨v‡Ûi mgvR‡mevi †¶‡Î Avg~j cwieZ©b Ges ev¯ÍegyLx bZyb
aviv cªeZ©b K‡i| Gi mycvwik Abymv‡iB Bsj¨v‡Ûi mvgwMªK mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wP Ges G Kg©m~wPi †giæ`Ð wn‡m‡e
¯^xK„Z mvgvwRK wegv e¨e¯’v M‡o D‡V‡Q| wefvwiR wi‡cv‡U© gvbemgv‡Ri AMªMwZi cªavb AšÍivq c½y‰`Z¨ Acmvi‡Y
gZ †`Iqv nq| G Ae¯’v DËi‡Y wZwb mKj ¯Í‡ii RbM‡Yi Rb¨ mgwš^Z mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wP cªeZ©‡bi mycvwik
K‡ib| G wi‡cv‡U©i mycvwik Abyhvqx cvwievwiK fvZv AvBb 1945, wegv AvBb 1946, RvZxq mvnvh¨ AvBb 1948,
RvZxq ¯^v¯’¨ †mev AvBb 1946 cªf„wZ mvgvwRK wbivcËvg~jK AvBb cªYxZ n‡qwQj| Gme AvBb Bsj¨v‡Ði mvgvwRK
wbivcËv wbwðZKi‡Y we‡kl Kvh©Ki wQj| we‡klZ mvgvwRK wegv Kg©m~wPi AvIZvq hy³iv‡R¨i RbM‡Yi Rb¨ RvZxq
¯^v¯’¨ wegv, eva©K¨ I c½y wegv, †eKvi wegv, weevn, Rb¥ I g„Z¨yi Rb¨ we‡kl wegv, kªwgK ¶wZc~iY cªf„wZ myweav cª`vb
Kiv nq| G wi‡cv‡U©i wfwˇZB Bsj¨v‡Ð mvgvwRK AvBb cªYq‡bi gva¨‡g mvgvwRK wbivcËvg~jK Kg©m~wP †Rvi`vi nq,
hv c„w_exi wewfbœ †`‡k mvgvwRK wbivcËvi g‡Wj wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nq| m‡e©vcwi ejv hvq, Bsj¨v‡Ûi mvgvwRK wbivcËv
KvVv‡gv m„wó‡Z wefvwiR wi‡cv‡U©i ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg|

5. Avwni I Rvwng †QvU‡ejvi eÜy| GK mv‡_ eo n‡q‡Q, Gm Gm wm I cvm K‡i‡Q GKB cªwZôvb †_‡K| wKš‘ Gici
Avwn‡ii †jLvcov eÜ n‡q hvq| Avi Rvwng wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K D”Pwk¶v MªnY Kivi ci †m GKwU K‡j‡R wk¶K
wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb K‡i| Avi Avwni Zvi evevi mv‡_ e¨emvq wb‡qvwRZ
K. g~j¨‡eva Kx?
L. †ckvi †¶‡Î Revew`wnZv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †Kb?
M. DÏxc‡K Avwni Ges Rvwng, G‡`i Kvi Kg©wU †ckv? e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. ÒmKj †ckvB e„wË wKš‘ mKj e„wË †ckv bqÓ- we‡kølY Ki|
5 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
K. g~j¨‡eva n‡jv AvPvi-AvPi‡Yi fv‡jvg›` wePv‡ii gvb`Ð|
L. †ckvi MªnY‡hvM¨Zv wbf©i K‡i Revew`wnZvi Ici| †ckv`vi Kg©xi Kv‡R AvšÍwiKZv I GKvMªZv m„wó‡Z Gi ¸iæZ¡
me©v‡Mª| ZvB cªwZwU †ckvq i‡q‡Q Revew`wni e¨e¯’v, hv Kg©x‡`i e¨w³MZ `vwqZ¡‡eva I ¯^”QZv‡K wbiƒwcZ Ki‡Z
cv‡i| Gi d‡j cªwZôv‡bi MwZ e„w× cvq|
M. DÏxc‡Ki Rvwn‡gi Kg©wU †ckv|
†ckv ej‡Z D”Pgv‡bi we‡kl Ávb, ˆbcyY¨ I gh©v`vm¤úbœ †Kv‡bv we‡kl e„wˇK †evSvq| g~jZ †h‡Kv‡bv †ckvi
†ckv`vwi‡Z¡i welqwU AvaywbKKv‡j we‡klfv‡e msÁvwqZ n‡q‡Q| AvaywbK wkí wecø‡evËi mg‡q cªwZwU †ckvq hy³
n‡q‡Q mswkøó wel‡qi Ávb, `¶Zv, ˆbcyY¨, AwfÁZv, mvgvwRK ¯^xK„wZ cªf„wZ Dcv`vbmg~‡ni| ZvB wbw`©ó KvwiMwi
`¶Zvm¤úbœ e¨w³ hLb Zvi †gav, wk¶vMZ †hvM¨Zv I `¶Zv h_vh_fv‡e e¨envi K‡i Kvg¨ j¶¨ AR©‡b m¶g nb
Ges `¶Zvi mv‡_ RxweKv AR©b K‡ib Zv‡KB IB e¨w³i †ckv ejv nq| DÏxc‡K Avwni I Rvwng bv‡g `yRb e¨w³i
K_v D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| GmGmwm cvm Kivi ci Avwni cov‡kvbv eÜ K‡i †`q Ges Zvi evevi e¨emvi mv‡_ mshy³
nq| Ab¨w`‡K, Rvwng D”Pwk¶v MªnY K‡i GKwU K‡j‡R wk¶K wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb K‡i| wk¶KZv †ckvq †hvM`vb Kivi
Rb¨ Zv‡K GKUv wel‡q D”Pwk¶v MªnY Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q|
Dc‡i DwjøwLZ †ckvi msÁvi mv‡_ Rvwn‡gi Kg©wUi wgj Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq e‡j Zvi Kg©wUB †ckv wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡e|
N. †ckv I e„wË kã `ywU G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_ Mfxifv‡e m¤úK©hy³| ci¯úi m¤úK©hy³ kã n‡jI eZ©gvb mg‡q Df‡qi
g‡a¨ †gŠwjK I my¯úó cv_©K¨ wb‡`©k Kiv n‡q‡Q| Rxebavi‡Yi Rb¨ mKj Kg©B e„wË wn‡m‡e cwiwPwZ cvq| wKš‘ cª‡Z¨K
e„wˇK †ckv wn‡m‡e ¯^xK„wZ †`Iqv hvq bv| KviY †ckvi Rb¨ cª‡qvRb nq we‡kl Ávb, `¶Zv I ˆbcy‡Y¨i| Ab¨fv‡e
ejv hvq, Ggb wKQy KvR Av‡Q †h¸‡jv mvaviY eyw× I kvixwiK mvg_¨© _vK‡j †h †KD Ki‡Z cv‡i| A_©vr hv mvaviY
 Ávbeyw×m¤úbœ †h‡Kv‡bv e¨w³B Aej¤^b Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges GRb¨ †Kv‡bv we‡kl wk¶v I cªwk¶‡Yi cª‡qvRb nq bv
Zv‡KB e„wË e‡j| †hgb- w`bgRyi, M„nf„‡Z¨i KvR, Kywj cªf„wZ| Gme Kv‡Ri Rb¨ we`¨vj‡qi wk¶v I cªwk¶‡Yi
cª‡qvRb nq bv| †h †KD †`‡Lï‡b mvgvb¨ Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g Avq Ki‡Z cv‡i| Ab¨w`‡K, †Kv‡bv wel‡qi ZvwË¡K I
e¨envwiK w`K m¤ú‡K© Ávb I †hvM¨Zv AR©b K‡i Zvi mvnv‡h¨ RxweKv AR©‡bi cš’v‡K †ckv ejv nq| †hgb-
wPwKrm‡Ki wPwKrmv, DwK‡ji IKvjwZ cªf„wZ| e„wË I †ckvi gv‡S Gme my¯úó cv_©K¨ cwijw¶Z nq e‡jB ejv hvq
†h, 'mKj †ckvB e„wË wKš‘ mKj e„wË †ckv bq|

6. Avjvj I `yjvj evj¨eÜy| `yRbB cªvBgvwi ch©šÍ GKmv‡_ †jLvcov K‡i‡Q| cªvBgvwii ci Avjv‡ji †jLvcov eÜ n‡q
hvq| wKš‘ `yjvj †jLvcov †kl K‡i mgv‡Ri GKRb cªwZwôZ Wv³vi wn‡m‡e mybv‡gi mv‡_ KvR Ki‡Q|
K. g~j¨‡eva Kx?
L. mgvRKg© g~j¨‡eva ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
M. DÏxc‡Ki `yjv‡ji RxweKv AR©‡bi cš’v‡K Kx bv‡g AwfwnZ Kiv hvq? D³ wel‡qi ˆewk󨸇jv Av‡jvPbv Ki|
N. DÏxc‡Ki Avjvj I `yjv‡ji RxweKv AR©‡bi cš’vi g‡a¨ ˆemv`„k¨ Av‡jvPbv Ki|
6 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
K. g~j¨‡eva n‡jv AvPvi-AvPi‡Yi fv‡jvg›` wePv‡ii gvb`Ð|
L. †hme Av`k©, aviYv, wek¦vm I bxwZgvjvi wfwˇZ mgvRK‡g©i me©Rbxb wfwË iwPZ n‡q‡Q Ges †h¸‡jv mgvRK‡g©i
j¶¨ wbY©q I mvgwMªK cªwµqv cwiPvjbv I wbqš¿Y K‡i _v‡K Zv‡KB mgvRK‡g©i g~j¨‡eva wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ Kiv hvq|
G g~j¨‡eva n‡jv mgvRK‡g©i D‡Ï‡k¨i mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y© Av`k©wfwËK bxwZgvjvi mgwó| hvi wbwi‡L mgvRKwg©MY †mev
Kg©m~wP cwiPvjbv K‡i _v‡Kb|
M. DÏxc‡Ki `yjv‡ji RxweKv wbe©v‡ni DcvqwU‡K †ckv wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ Kiv hvq|
†ckv n‡jv RxweKv AR©‡bi Ggb cš’v, hvi Rb¨ cª‡qvRb we‡klvwqZ Ávb I cªwk¶Y| we‡klvwqZ wk¶v, `¶Zv I
†KŠkj‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q †ckv`vi Kg©x Zvi Kg©m¤úv`b K‡i _v‡K| mgvRKj¨vY Awfav‡b (Social Work
Dictionary) ejv n‡q‡Q, Ò‡ckv n‡jv we‡klvwqZ wk¶v, `¶Zv I †KŠkjwfwËK GKwU e„wË, hv mvaviY g~jbxwZ I
we‡kl ˆbwZK gvb`Ð Øviv cwiPvwjZ|Ó †ckvi ˆewkó¨ewji †fZ‡i i‡q‡Q- †ckvMZ Ávb I †hvM¨Zv; RbKj¨vYgywLZv,
†ckvMZ `vwqZ¡‡eva; †ckvMZ ˆbcyY¨ I `¶Zv; †ckvMZ ¯^xK„wZ; †ckvMZ g~j¨‡eva; †ckvMZ| msMVb; †ckvMZ
ˆbwZK gvb`Ð; DcvR©bkxjZv Ges cwigvc‡hvM¨ I ch©‡e¶Y‡hvM¨ djvdj| Dch©y³ ˆewkó¨vewj _vK‡jB †Kej
†h‡Kv‡bv RxweKv wbe©v‡ni Dcvq †ckvq iƒcvšÍi N‡U|
N. DÏxc‡K Avjv‡ji RxweKv wbe©v‡ni Dcvq n‡jv- GKwU e„wË, Ab¨w`‡K `yjv‡ji RxweKv wbe©v‡ni cš’v n‡jv Wv³vwi
†mev| hv GKwU ¯^xK„Z †ckv| †ckv I e„wËi g‡a¨ my¯úó ˆemv`„k¨ we`¨gvb cª_gZ, †ckvi wbR¯^ mymsMwVZ ÁvbfvÛvi
i‡q‡Q| †ckv`vi e¨w³‡K wbw`©ó wk¶v Kvh©µ‡gi AvIZvq Ávb AR©b K‡i †ckvMZ †hvM¨Zvi AwaKvix n‡Z nq|
c¶všÍ‡i e„wËi wbR¯^ †Kv‡bv ÁvbfvÛvi †bB| wØZxqZ, `yjv‡ji KvRwU‡Z ˆbcyY¨ I `¶Zvi AwaKvix n‡Z nq|
Ab¨w`‡K Avjv‡ji Kv‡R `¶Zv I ˆbcyY¨ AR©‡bi †Zgb cª‡qvRb nq bv| Z„ZxqZ, `yjv‡ji †ckvi g‡Zv mKj †ckvq
Kg©x‡`i AvPvi-AvPiY wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ ¯^Zš¿ g~j¨‡eva I ˆbwZK gvb`Ð _v‡K| e„wËi †¶‡Î †Zgb †Kv‡bv g~j¨‡eva I
ˆbwZK gvb`‡Ði cª‡qvRb nq bv| PZy_©Z, `yjv‡ji †ckvi Dbœqb I ¯^v_© msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ †ckvMZ cªwZôvb i‡q‡Q|
G‡¶‡Î e„wËi Rb¨ †ckvMZ cªwZôv‡bi cª‡qvRbxqZv Avek¨K bq| cÂgZ, `yjv‡ji KvRwU n‡jv RbKj¨vYg~jK †mev|
†hLv‡b Rb¯^v_© cªavb| wKš‘ Avjv‡ji Kv‡R e¨w³¯^v_© cªavb| lôZ, `yjv‡ji †ckv n‡jv wbcyY Kjv‡KŠkjmg„× eyw×`xß
KvR| wKš‘ Avjv‡ji e„wË n‡jv ˆ`wnK kªgwbf©i KvR| mßgZ, `yjv‡ji †ckvq Revew`wnZv i‡q‡Q| Ab¨c‡¶ e„wËi
†¶‡Î Avjv‡ji †Kv‡bv Revew`wnZvi cª‡qvRb †bB|
myZivs †`Lv hv‡”Q, `yjvj I Avjv‡ji Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ eûwea ˆemv`„k¨ cwijw¶Z nq| Zv‡`i GKwU †ckv Ab¨wU e„wË|

7. evev-gv‡K nvwi‡q †QvU wecvkv gvgvi gva¨‡g Avkªq †bq miKvwi wkï cwiev‡i| GLv‡b †m cvwievwiK cwi‡e‡ki ga¨
w`‡qB †e‡o IVvi my‡hvM cv‡e| †jLvcovi cvkvcvwk Zv‡K GLv‡b KvwiMwi wk¶vI cª`vb Kiv n‡”Q| Zvi g‡Zv AviI
AmsL¨ GwZg †Q‡j‡g‡qiv G Avkªq‡K‡›`ª evm K‡i Ges h_vh_ wk¶v cvq|
K. 'Kj¨vY' kãwUi Bs‡iwR cªwZkã Kx?
L. mgvRKj¨vY ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
 M. DÏxc‡Ki cªwZôvbwU mgvRKj¨v‡Yi D‡Ïk¨‡K Kxfv‡e cªwZdwjZ K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. wecvkv‡K mnvqZv Kivi gva¨‡g D³ cªwZôvbwU Iqvëvi G. wdªWj¨vÛvi cª`Ë mgvRKj¨v‡Yi aviYv‡KB cªwZôv
K‡i‡Q- we‡kølY Ki|
7 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
K. 'Kj¨vY' kãwUi Bs‡iwR cªwZkã n‡jv 'Welfare'|
L. mgvRKj¨vY ej‡Z mgv‡R emevmiZ Rb‡Mvôxi D‡Ï‡k¨ cwiPvwjZ Kj¨vYg~jK KvR‡K †evSvq| 'mgvR' I 'Kj¨vY' G
`ywU k‡ãi mgš^‡qB mgvRKj¨vY kãwU MwVZ| mgvRKj¨vY aviYvwU cªvPxbKvj †_‡KB mgv‡R cªPwjZ| Z‡e mg‡qi
Ave‡Z© GwU cªvwZôvwbK iƒcjvf K‡i| ZvB mgvRKj¨vY n‡jv gvby‡li Kj¨vY I g½j wbwðZKi‡Y RvZxq ch©v‡q M„nxZ
hveZxq Kg©m~wPi mgwó| AvaywbK `„wó‡KvY †_‡K mgvRKj¨v‡Yi aviYv Gfv‡eB cªwZôv jvf K‡i‡Q|
M. DÏxc‡Ki cªwZôvbwU wecvkvi g‡Zv GwZg I Amnvq wkï‡`i mgm¨v mgvav‡b mvnvh¨ Kivi gva¨‡g mgvRKj¨v‡Yi
D‡Ïk¨‡K cªwZdwjZ K‡i|
mgvRKj¨v‡Yi D‡Ïk¨B n‡jv mgv‡Ri Kj¨vY mvab Kiv| Avi DÏxc‡Ki miKvwi wkï cwievi mvgvwRK cªwZôvb wn‡m‡e
mgvRKj¨v‡Yi D‡Ïk¨‡KB c~iY Ki‡Q| gvbyl, Zvi mgm¨v I mgvavb G wZbwU Dcv`v‡bi wfwˇZB mgvRKj¨v‡Yi
Kvh©µg cwiPvwjZ nq| mgv‡Ri gvby‡li bvbvgyLx mgm¨v cªwZKvi K‡i myLx I mg„× mgvR M‡o †ZvjvB n‡jv
mgvRKj¨v‡Yi D‡Ïk¨| Avi DÏxc‡Ki mvgvwRK cªwZôvbwU wecvkvi g‡Zv GwZg wkï‡`i mnvqZv w`‡q mgvRKj¨v‡Yi
G D‡Ïk¨‡KB c~iY K‡i‡Q DÏxc‡Ki wecvkv wcZ„gvZ„nxb GwZg wkï| gvgvi gva¨‡g †m miKvwi wkï cwiev‡i G‡m
Avkªq †bq| G cªwZôvbwU Zvi g‡Zv GwZg wkï‡`i DbœZ Rxebgvb wbwðZKi‡Y Zv‡`i‡K †jLvcov I KvwiMwi wk¶v
w`‡q _v‡K| DÏxc‡Ki mvgvwRK cªwZôvbwU Zvi Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g mgvRKj¨v‡Yi Amnvq I mgm¨vMª¯Í Rbm¤úª`vq‡K
mnvqZv Kivi j¶¨ c~iY K‡i| mgvRKj¨vY †hgb gvbyl Zvi mgm¨v I mgvav‡bi wfwˇZ KvR K‡i DÏxc‡Ki mvgvwRK
cªwZôvbwUI †Zgwb wecvkvi g‡Zv mgm¨vMª¯Í e¨w³‡`i mgvav‡bi Rb¨ KvR K‡i hv‡”Q|
ZvB wecvkvi g‡Zv GwZg Rbm¤úª`v‡qi Kj¨v‡Y KvR Kivi gva¨‡g Ges Zv‡`i mgm¨vi mgvav‡b cª‡Póv Pvjv‡bv‡Z
DÏxc‡Ki †mevg~jK cªwZôvbwU cªZ¨¶fv‡e mgvRKj¨v‡Yi D‡Ïk¨‡KB cªwZdwjZ K‡i|
N. GwZg wecvkvi Rb¨ m‡šÍvlRbK Rxebgvb wbwðZ K‡i DÏxc‡Ki miKvwi wkï cwievi Iqv›Uvi G. wdªWj¨vÛvi cª`Ë
msÁvbyhvqx mgvRKj¨v‡Yi aviYv‡KB cªwZwôZ K‡i‡Q|
Iqvëvi G. wdªWj¨vÛvi cª`Ë mgvRKj¨v‡Yi msÁvwU n‡jv- "mgvRKj¨vY n‡jv mvgvwRK cªwZôvb Øviv mgvR‡mev
cª`v‡bi Ggb GK mymsMwVZ Kg©c×wZ, hvi j¶¨ n‡jv e¨w³ I `j‡K m‡šÍvlRbK Rxeb I ¯^v¯’¨gvb AR©‡b mvnvh¨
Kiv, e¨w³MZ I mvgvwRK Dbœqb mvab K‡i AšÍwb©wnZ ¶gZvi weKvk mvab Kiv Ges cwievi I mgv‡Ri mv‡_ mvgÄm¨
†i‡L Zv‡`i Kj¨v‡Yi c_ mnRZi Kiv|Ó D³ msÁvbyhvqx DÏxc‡Ki mvgvwRK cªwZôvb miKvwi wkï cwievi †_‡K
wecvkvi g‡Zv GwZg †Q‡j‡g‡qiv †mev cv‡”Q| mymsMwVZ Kg©c×wZi AvIZvq Zv‡`i e¨w³MZ I mvgvwRK Dbœqb
mva‡bi j‡¶¨ Zv‡`i‡K †jLvcovi cvkvcvwk KvwiMwi wk¶vI cª`vb Kiv n‡”Q| G KvwiMwi wk¶v wecvkvi g‡Zv wkï‡`i
AšÍwb©wnZ ¶gZvi weKvk NUvq| Aciw`‡K, †jLvcov †kLvi d‡j Zv‡`i c‡¶ cwievi I mgv‡Ri mv‡_ Lvc LvB‡q
Pjv m¤¢e nq| A_©vr †`Lv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki mvgvwRK cªwZôvb wecvkvi g‡Zv GwZg wkï‡`i bvbvgyLx †mev w`‡q e¨w³ I
`jxq ch©v‡q m‡šÍvlRbK Rxebgvb weav‡b mnvqZv Ki‡Q| Gi gva¨‡g D³ cªwZôvbwU mgv‡Ri Kj¨v‡Yi c_‡K mnR
K‡i‡Q|
ZvB DcwiD³ msÁvi ˆewkó¨ wePv‡i ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki cªwZôvbwU m¤ú‡K© cª‡kœi gšÍe¨wU h_v_©|

8. Kv‡qm mv‡ne Zvi gv`Kvm³ †Q‡j‡K ms‡kva‡bi Rb¨ GKwU wbivgq †K‡›`ª wb‡q †M‡jb| †mLv‡b Kg©iZ mgvRKg©x
mgvRK‡g©i †gŠwjK c×wZi GKwU cªwµqv AbymiY K‡i gv`Kvm³ †Q‡jwUi mgm¨v mgvav‡bi †Póv K‡ib|
K. mgvRK‡g©i mnvqK c×wZ KqwU?
L. mgwó msMVb ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
M. DÏxc‡K mgvRK‡g©i †Kvb †gŠwjK c×wZi Bw½Z i‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. 'DÏxc‡K Bw½ZK„Z c×wZwU gv`Kvm³ †Q‡jwUi mgm¨v mgvav‡b f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i'- we‡kølY Ki|
8 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
K. mgvRK‡g©i mnvqK c×wZ 3wU|
L. mgwó msMVb (Community Organization) n‡jv mvgwóK ch©v‡q (Macro Level) mgvRKg© Abykxj‡bi c×wZ|
g~jZ mgwó msMVb mgvRK‡g©i Ggb GKwU Abykxjb cªwµqv, hvi gva¨‡g mgwói RbM‡Yi cª‡qvRb I m¤ú‡`i gv‡S
mgš^q Kiv nq| Gi g~j D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv GjvKvi RbMY ev `jxq cªwZwbwai †hŠ_ cª‡Póvq mgwói mgm¨v wPwýZ Kiv Ges
†m¸‡jv c~i‡Yi Dcvq m¤úwK©Z cwiKíbv cªYqb| mvaviYZ DbœZ †`‡ki wKsev Dbœqbkxj †`‡ki DbœZ mgwó‡Z m„ó
mgm¨vi mgvav‡b G cªwµqv Kv‡R jvMv‡bv nq|
M. DÏxc‡K †ckv`vi mgvRK‡g©i Ab¨Zg †gŠwjK c×wZ e¨w³ mgvRK‡g©i Bw½Z i‡q‡Q|
e¨w³ mgvRKg© n‡jv mgvRK‡g©i Ggb GKwU †gŠwjK c×wZ, hv mgm¨vMª¯Í e¨w³i myß cªwZfv, `¶Zv I ¶gZvi weKvk
mvab K‡i| wbR¯^ m¤ú‡`i m‡e©vËg e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g e¨w³‡K Ggbfv‡e ¯^vej¤^x K‡i Zyj‡Z mnvqZv K‡i; hv‡Z †m
wb‡RB wb‡Ri mgm¨vi Kvh©Ki †gvKvwejv K‡i myôy I h_vh_fv‡e mvgvwRK f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z m¶g nq| e¨w³
mgvRKg© g~jZ mgm¨vMª¯Í e¨w³‡K wb‡qB KvR K‡i| e¨w³ mgvRK‡g©i msÁvq Marry E. Richmond e‡jb, Òe¨w³
mgvRKg© n‡jv †mme cªwµqvi mgwó, hv e¨w³‡K Zvi mvgvwRK cwi‡ek I mgv‡Ri Ab¨vb¨ gvby‡li mv‡_ m‡PZbfv‡e
Kvh©Kix mvgÄm¨ weav‡bi gva¨‡g e¨w³Z¡ weKv‡k mnvqZv K‡i|Ó
DÏxc‡K Kv‡qm mv‡ne Zvi gv`Kvm³ †Q‡j‡K ms‡kva‡bi Rb¨ wbivgq †K‡›`ª wb‡q †M‡j †mLv‡b Kg©iZ mgvRKg©x
e¨w³ mgvRKg© c×wZ mgvav‡bi †Póv K‡ib| G‡¶‡Î e¨w³‡Kw›`ªK GB mgm¨vwU mgvav‡b mgvRKg©xi cªavb `vwqZ¡ n‡jv
mgvRK‡g©i Ávb e¨envi K‡i Kv‡qm mv‡n‡ei gv`Kvm³ †Q‡j‡K mgm¨v †gvKvwejvq m¶g K‡i †Zvjv| cªK„Zc‡¶
gv`Kvmw³ †_‡K gyw³ †c‡Z n‡j cªPyi gvbwmK `„pZv AR©b Ki‡Z nq| GRb¨ mvnvh¨v_x©i mg_©‡bi cª‡qvRb c‡o| Avi
e¨w³ mgvRKg© c×wZi mvnv‡h¨ mvnvh¨v_x©‡K Abyiƒc mnvqZv cª`vb Kiv nq| Gi d‡j †m mgm¨v †gvKvwejvq mvg_¨©
AR©b K‡i|
myZivs ejv hvq, DÏxc‡K e¨w³ mgvRK‡g©i Bw½Z i‡q‡Q|
N. DÏxc‡K Bw½ZK„Z c×wZwU n‡jv e¨w³ mgvRKg©, hv gv`Kvm³ †Q‡jwUi mgm¨v mgvav‡b f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i e‡j Avwg
g‡b Kwi|
e¨w³ mgvRKg© n‡jv e¨w³‡Kw›`ªK mgm¨v mgvav‡b mgvRK‡g©i GKwU c×wZ| G c×wZ‡Z mgm¨vMª¯Í e¨w³i myß cªwZfv,
`¶Zv I ¶gZvi weKvk NwU‡q wbR¯^ m¤ú‡`i m‡e©vËg e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g e¨w³‡K ¯^vej¤^x K‡i Zyj‡Z mnvqZv Kiv
nq| d‡j †m wb‡RB wb‡Ri mgm¨vi Kvh©Ki †gvKvwejv K‡i Ges myôyfv‡e mvgvwRK f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z m¶g nq|
e¨w³ mgvRK‡g© mgm¨v mgvavb cªwµqv ej‡Z mvaviYZ mgm¨vMª¯Í e¨w³ ev mvnvh¨v_x©i mgm¨v mgvav‡bi j‡¶¨ M„nxZ
avivevwnK I weÁvbm¤§Z Kg©cªYvwj‡K †evSvq| GB wbw`©ó Kvh©cªYvwj Abymi‡Yi gva¨‡gB mgm¨vi mwVK mgvav‡b
DcbxZ nIqv m¤¢e, hv DÏxc‡Ki Kv‡qm mv‡n‡ei gv`Kvm³ †Q‡ji †¶‡ÎI cª‡hvR¨| Kv‡qm mv‡n‡ei †Q‡ji mgm¨v
mgvav‡b mgvRKg©x‡K cª_‡gB Zvi mgm¨v mswkøó mKj Z_¨ msMªn Ki‡Z n‡e, †h cªwµqv‡K g‡bv-mvgvwRK Abya¨vb
e‡j| Gici wZwb AšÍe©Z©xKvjxb e¨e¯’v wn‡m‡e Zv‡K gvbwmKfv‡e mvnm I †cªiYv`vb Ki‡eb| Gi d‡j Zvi g‡a¨
mvgwqK ¯^w¯Í wd‡i Avm‡e| mgvRKg©xi cieZ©x KvR n‡jv Kv‡qm mv‡n‡ei †Q‡ji mgm¨vi cªK„wZ I KviY wbY©q Kiv|
G‡Z mgm¨v †gvKvwejvi Dcvq wbiƒcY Kiv mnR nq| AZtci mgm¨v mgvav‡bi cª‡qvRbxq e¨e¯’v MªnY K‡i M„nxZ
e¨e¯’vi mdjZv I wedjZv g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb| Gi mv‡_ mgvRKg©x‡K mgm¨v mgvav‡bi cªwµqv wbweofv‡e ch©‡e¶Y ev
AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡¶‡Î cª‡qvR‡b Zv‡K DbœZ †mevi Rb¨ Ab¨Î †cªi‡Yi e¨e¯’vI wb‡Z n‡Z cv‡i| me©‡k‡l
mgvRKg©x gv`Kvm³ †Q‡jwUi mgm¨vi AvbyôvwbK mgvwß NUv‡eb| Avi Gfv‡eB GKRb mgvRKg©x e¨w³ mgvRK‡g©i
mgm¨v mgvavb cªwµqv h_vh_ Abymi‡Yi gva¨‡g gv`Kvm³ †Q‡jwUi mgm¨v mgvav‡b Kvh©Kix f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i|

9. evsjv‡`‡ki Dbœq‡bi †cªw¶‡Z MªvgxY e¨vsK GK Abb¨ bvg| Mªv‡gi `y¯’ I Amnvq m¤úª`v‡qi Dbœq‡b G e¨vsK Zv‡`i‡K
cª`vb K‡i _v‡K| Gi gva¨‡g G e¨vsK Mªv‡gi Amnvq RbMY‡K ¯^vej¤^x Ki‡Z f~wgKv ivL‡Q Ges Zv‡`i Drcv`b
e„wׇZ mvnvh¨ Ki‡Q| Gi cªfv‡e evsjv‡`‡ki wcwQ‡q _vKv Rb‡Mvôx †`‡ki Dbœq‡b Ask wb‡”Q Ges evsjv‡`‡ki
Av_©mvgvwRK Dbœqb Z¡ivwš^Z n‡”Q|
K. mvgvwRK Dbœq‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨i †cª¶vcU‡K KZ fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq?
L. mvgvwRK Dbœqb ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
M. DÏxc‡Ki cªwZôvbwU mvgvwRK Dbœq‡b Kxfv‡e mvnvh¨ Ki‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. DÏxc‡Ki cªwZôvbwUi Kvh©Kjv‡ci ga¨ w`‡q mvgvwRK Dbœq‡b mgvRK‡g©i j¶¨I c~iY n‡q‡Q- gšÍe¨wU g~j¨vqb
Ki|
 9 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
K. mvgvwRK Dbœq‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨i †cª¶vcU‡K `yB fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq|
L. mvgvwRK welqvw`i DbœqbB n‡jv mvgvwRK Dbœqb| Avi mvgvwRK welqvw`i AšÍfy³ © nq- mvgvwRK, ivR‰bwZK,
mvs¯‹…wZK, cwi‡ek I `„wófw½MZ Dbœqb| ZvB mvgvwRK Dbœqb ej‡Z mgv‡Ri mKj Abyl‡½i mvgwMªK Dbœqb‡KB
†evSvq| G‡`i mvgwMªK mgš^q NUvB n‡jv mvgvwRK Dbœq‡bi Acwinvh© kZ©|
M. DÏxc‡Ki cªwZôvbwU mvgvwRK Dbœq‡bi wZbwU gyL¨ D‡Ïk¨ cvjb Kivi ga¨ w`‡q mvgvwRK Dbœq‡b mvnvh¨ Ki‡Q|
mvgvwRK Dbœq‡bi g~j j¶¨ n‡jv mgv‡Ri cwiKwíZ I mgZvwfwËK Dbœqb mvab Kiv| Avi G‡¶‡Î `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb,
my‡hvM I m¤ú‡`i b¨vh¨ e›Ub Ges MYAskMªnY e„w× Kivi gva¨‡g c`‡¶c †bIqv nq| DÏxc‡Ki cªwZôvbwU G wZbwU
D‡Ïk¨B h_vh_fv‡e c~i‡Y mnvqZv Ki‡Q| GmK¨vc Awa‡ek‡b mvgvwRK Dbœq‡bi G wZbwU w`K‡K gyL¨ wn‡m‡e
we‡ePbv Kiv nq| †Kbbv mvgvwRK Dbœqb mva‡b G welq¸‡jv Acwinvh© kZ© wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| Gme D‡Ïk¨ hw`
h_vh_fv‡e c~iY nq Z‡e mgv‡Ri Ab¨vb¨ †¶‡ÎI DbœwZ mvwaZ n‡e| DÏxc‡K Mªv‡gi `y¯’ I Amnvq Rb‡Mvôxi Dbœq‡b
e¨vsKwU Avw_©K mnvqZv w`‡q _v‡K| Gi gva¨‡g G `wi`ª RbMY ¯^vej¤^x n‡q I‡V Ges Zv‡`i `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvwPZ nq hv
mvgvwRK Dbœq‡bi cª_g kZ©‡K c~iY K‡i| RbM‡Yi my‡hvM I m¤ú‡`i b¨vh¨ eÈb I mØ&henv‡ii DrmvwnZKi‡Yi
gva¨‡g Zv‡`i Drcv`b e„w× K‡i| Avi Mªv‡gi mvaviY RbMY G Dbœqbg~jK Kg©Kv‡Ð mwµqfv‡e AskMªnYI K‡i| G
`ywU Kvh©µg mvgvwRK Dbœq‡bi Aci `ywU D‡Ïk¨‡K c~iY K‡i| Gfv‡eB DÏxc‡Ki cªwZôvbwU mvgvwRK Dbœq‡bi gyL¨
D‡Ïk¨mg~n cvj‡bi gva¨‡g mvgvwRK Dbœq‡b mvnvh¨ Ki‡Q|
N. DÏxc‡Ki cªwZôvbwU Zvi Kj¨vYg~jK Kvh©vewji ga¨ w`‡q mvgvwRK Dbœq‡bi cvkvcvwk mgvRK‡g©i mgv‡Ri Kj¨vY
mva‡bi j¶¨‡KI c~iY K‡i‡Q|
mvgvwRK Dbœq‡bi wewfbœ c×wZ i‡q‡Q| mgvRKg© mvgvwRK Dbœqb mywbwðZ Kivi GKwU c×wZ †hLv‡b ˆeÁvwbK Ávb
I `¶Zv‡K e¨envi Kiv nq| mvgvwRK Dbœqb mva‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ DÏxc‡Ki ms¯’vwU †hfv‡e `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôxi Dbœqb mva‡b
eªZx n‡q‡Q Zv mgvRK‡g©i D‡Ïk¨‡KI c~iY K‡i| †Kbbv mvgvwRK Dbœqb mva‡bi gva¨‡gB mgvRK‡g©i Kj¨vYg~jK
Kvh©vewj mdj n‡Z cv‡i| mgv‡Ri e„nËi Kj¨v‡Y mgvRKg©xiv mvgvwRK Dbœq‡bi wewfbœ ZË¡ I aviYv‡K KvR I †mevq
cwiYZ K‡i| mvgvwRK Dbœq‡bi gyL¨ D‡Ïk¨mg~n c~i‡Y DÏxc‡Ki ms¯’vwU †hfv‡e Z„Yg~j ch©v‡qi Rb‡Mvôxi mvnvh¨
cª`vb‡K AMªvwaKvi w`‡q‡Q †Zgwbfv‡e mgvRK‡g©I mgv‡Ri Kj¨v‡Y `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôx‡K mnvqZv cª`vb me©v‡Mª ¸iæZ¡
cvq| G Kvi‡YB mvgvwRK Dbœqb I mgvRKg©‡K G‡K Ac‡ii cwic~iK wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq| DÏxc‡Ki ms¯’v Z_v
MªvgxY e¨vsK evsjv‡`‡ki mvgvwRK Dbœqb mva‡b Mªv‡gi `wi`ª m¤úª`vq‡K mvnvh¨ cª`vb, Zv‡`i `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb, Drcv`b
e„w× I Dbœqb Kg©Kv‡Ð ¯^Ztù~Z© AskMªnY‡K DrmvwnZ K‡i| MªvgxY e¨vs‡Ki G ai‡bi Kvh©vewj mgvRK‡g©i D‡Ïk¨‡KI
c~iY K‡i| †Kbbv mgvRKg©I mgv‡Ri Z_v gvby‡li Kj¨v‡Y `wi`ª gvby‡li mvnvh¨ cª`v‡bi e¨vcv‡i m‡PZb `„wó iv‡L|
`wi`ª Rb‡Mvôxi Ici †`‡ki mvwe©K Dbœqb A‡bKvs‡k wbf©ikxj e‡j mgvRKg© G welqwUi cªwZ h‡_ó ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc
K‡i| ZvB DÏxc‡Ki cªwZôvbwU Zv‡`i Kvh©µ‡gi gva¨‡g mvgvwRK Dbœqb wbwðZKi‡Yi cvkvcvwk mgvRK‡g©i
j¶¨‡KI c~i K‡i‡Q| ZvB cª‡kœi gšÍe¨wU h_v_©|

10. Rbve dRj GKRb †ckv`vi mgvRKg©x| wZwb mgm¨vMª¯Í e¨w³i Ici †Rvic~e©K †Kv‡bv wm×všÍ Pvwc‡q †`b bv| wm×všÍ
Mªn‡Yi †¶‡Î e¨w³i gZvgZ cªKv‡ki ¯^vaxbZv †`Iqv nq| hv‡Z mgm¨vMª¯Í e¨w³ wb‡RB wb‡Ri wm×všÍ Mªn‡Y m¶g
nq|
K. e¨w³ mgvRK‡g©i Dcv`vb KqwU?
L. mgvRKg© †ckv ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
M. DÏxc‡K e¨w³ mgvRK‡g©i †Kvb bxwZi Bw½Z i‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. e¨w³i mgm¨v mgvav‡b D³ bxwZi Zvrch© we‡kølY Ki|
10 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
K. e¨w³ mgvRK‡g©i Dcv`vb cuvPwU|
L. mgvRKg© †ckv n‡jv e¨w³, `j I mgwó‡K mnvqZv Kivi Ggb GK †ckv`vi Kvh©µg, hv Zv‡`i mvgvwRK f~wgKv cvjb
¶gZv‡K kw³kvjx I cybiæ×vi K‡i Ges G j¶¨vR©‡b AbyK~j mvgvwRK cwi‡ek m„wó K‡i| myZivs ˆeÁvwbK Ávb I
`¶ZvwfwËK m¶gKvix †ckvi bvg mgvRKg© †ckv|
M. DÏxc‡K e¨w³ mgvRK‡g©i AvZ¥wbqš¿Y bxwZi (Principle of Self-determination) cªwZ Bw½Z i‡q‡Q|
 e¨w³ mgvRK‡g©i g~j j¶¨ n‡”Q AvZ¥wbf©ikxjZv m„wói gva¨g mvnvh¨v_x©i mgm¨v mgvav‡b mnvqZv Kiv| GRb¨
mgvRKg©x‡K mvnvh¨v_x©i AvZ¥wbqš¿Y AwaKv‡ii cªwZ m¤§vb cª`k©b Ki‡Z nq| AvZ¥wbqš¿Y bxwZ mvnvh¨v_x©‡K Zvi
fv‡jv-g›`, mgm¨v I mgvavb, wbR¯^ wPšÍv I a¨vb-aviYv cªf„wZ m¤ú‡K© wm×všÍ Mªn‡Yi AwaKv‡ii ¯^xK„wZ †`q| DÏxc‡K
Rbve dRj mgm¨vMª¯Í e¨w³i Ici †Rvic~eK© wm×všÍ bv Pvwc‡q w`‡q wm×všÍ Mªn‡Yi †¶‡Î Zv‡`i gZvgZ cªKv‡ki
¯^vaxbZv †`b| d‡j Zvi g‡a¨ AvZ¥wbqš¿Y bxwZ dy‡U I‡V| djkªæwZ‡Z mgvRKg©xi mnvqZv I ZË¡veav‡b mvnvh¨v_x©
wb‡RB Zvi f~wgKv I KiYxq m¤ú‡K© wm×všÍ MªnY Ki‡Z m¶g n‡e|
myZivs ejv hvq, DÏxc‡K e¨w³ mgvRK‡g©i AvZ¥wbqš¿Y bxwZi cªwZ Bw½Z i‡q‡Q|
N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ AvZ¥wbqš¿Y bxwZ e¨w³i mgm¨v mgvav‡b eûgyLx f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|
mgvRKg© †ckvi †gŠwjK ˆewkó¨ n‡jv mgm¨vMª¯Í e¨w³‡K m¶g K‡i †Zvjvi gva¨‡g mgm¨vi mgvavb wbwðZ Kiv| hv
mgm¨vMª¯Í e¨w³i `xN©‡gqvw` Kj¨vY‡K mywbwðZ K‡i| Avi †m Kvi‡Y AvZ¥wbqš¿Y bxwZ cª‡qvM Kiv e¨w³ mgvRK‡g©
Avek¨Kxq weavb| †Kv‡bv mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Z e¨w³ mgvRKg©x‡K mgm¨vi cªK„wZ wbY©q Kiv Riæwi GKwU welq|
†Kbbv mgm¨vi cªK„wZ I mgm¨vMª¯Í e¨w³i cªwZ‡iva ¶gZv BZ¨vw` welq¸‡jvi Ici wbf©i K‡i mgm¨vi mgvavb| G
†¶‡Î mgm¨vi cªK„wZ m¤ú‡K© me‡P‡q †ewk ÁvZ mgm¨vMª¯Í e¨w³ (Client) wb‡R| ZvB mgm¨vi mgvav‡b mgm¨vMª¯Í
e¨w³ wb‡RB wm×všÍ wb‡j mgvavb cªwµqv mnR nq| GQvovI e¨w³i cQ›`, Pvwn`v, mvg_¨© I ¶gZv Abyhvqx wm×všÍ
MªnY Ges †m Abyhvqx wb‡R‡K M‡o †Zvjvi †¶‡Î AvZ¥wbqš¿Y ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| mgm¨vi mgvav‡bi wm×všÍ
e¨w³i Ici Pvwc‡q †`Iqv n‡j, mgvavb cªwµqv e¨vnZ nIqvi m¤¢vebv †_‡K hvq| hv mgvavb cªwµqv‡K RwUj K‡i
†Zv‡j| Avevi mgm¨vMª¯Í e¨w³ mgvavb cªwµqvq wb‡R wm×všÍ wb‡j mgvavb †hgb djcªm~ nq †Zgwb e¨w³ AvZ¥wek¦vmx
¯^vej¤^x n‡q I‡V|
AZGe ejv hvq, e¨w³i mgm¨v mgvav‡b AvZ¥wbqš¿Y bxwZi my`~icªmvix Zvrch© i‡q‡Q|

11. mygvBqv GKwU †gvwU‡fkb †m›Uv‡i KvDwÝji wn‡m‡e mgvRKg©xi f~wgKvq KvR K‡i| iv‡k` bv‡gi GKRb mgm¨vMª¯Í
e¨w³ Zvi Kv‡Q mvnv‡h¨i Rb¨ Av‡m| †m iv‡k`‡K mv`‡i MªnY K‡i Ges Zvi mv‡_ †ckvMZ m¤úK© M‡o †Zv‡j| †m
iv‡k‡`i mv‡_ wewfbœ wel‡q GKv‡šÍ Av‡jvPbv K‡i Ges Zvi Z‡_¨i †MvcbxqZv wbwðZ K‡i| mygvBqv iv‡k‡`i mv‡_
mve©¶wYK †hvMv‡hvM wbwðZ K‡i| Zvi AskMªnY wbwðZKi‡Y Zvi cQ›`, AcQ›` I gZvgZ‡K ¸iæZ¡ †`q| d‡j Zvi
mgvavb djcªm~ nq|
K. mgvRK‡g©i mnvqK c×wZ KqwU?
L. mgwó Dbœqb ej‡Z Kx †evS?
M. DÏxc‡K mygvBqv iv‡k‡`i mgm¨v mgvav‡b e¨w³ mgvRK‡g©i †hme bxwZgvjv cª‡qvM K‡i‡Q Zvi eY©bv `vI|
N. Òi¨v‡cv e¨w³ mgvRK‡g©i AvZ¥v¯^iƒcÓ- mgm¨v mgvav‡b i&hv‡cvi ¸iæZ¡ D‡jøLc~e©K e³e¨wU we‡kølY Ki|
11 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
K. mgvRK‡g©i mnvqK c×wZ 3wU|
L. mgvRK‡g©i bxwZ I Kg©‡KŠkj h_vh_ cª‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g mgwó Rxe‡b wewfbœ mgm¨vi mgvavb I mvwe©K Rxebgvb Dbœq‡b
†h c×wZwU we‡klfv‡e wb‡qvwRZ Zv n‡jv mgwó Dbœqb| Dbœqbkxj †`kmg~n Ges DbœZ †`‡ki AbybœZ GjvKvi
mvgvwRK I A_©‰bwZK AMªMwZ Ges Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ eZ©gv‡b mgwó Dbœqb c×wZ e¨vcKfv‡e e¨eüZ nq|
M. DÏxc‡K mygvBqv iv‡k‡`i mgm¨v mgvav‡b e¨w³ mgvRK‡g©i me bxwZB AbymiY K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e¨w³ mgvRK‡g©i
bxwZgvjv Kxfv‡e AbymiY K‡i‡Qb Zv Zy‡j aiv n‡jv-
cª_gZ, mygvBqv iv‡k`‡K mv`‡i MªnY K‡i‡Q| hvi gva¨‡g e¨w³ mgvRK‡g©i MªnYbxwZ Abym„Z n‡q‡Q; wØZxqZ, iv‡k‡`i
mv‡_ GKv‡šÍ K_v ejv Ges Zvi Z‡_¨i †MvcbxqZv i¶v Kivi gva¨‡g †MvcbxqZvi bxwZ ev¯Íevqb †`Lv hv‡”Q: Z„Zxq,
mygvBqv iv‡k‡`i mv‡_ mve©¶wYK †hvMv‡hvM wbwðZ K‡i| d‡j e¨w³ mgvRK‡g©i Ab¨Zg bxwZ †hvMv‡hvM bxwZ Abym„Z
n‡q‡Q; PZy_©Z, mygvBqv mgm¨v mgvavb cªwµqvq iv‡k‡`i AskMªnY wbwðZ K‡i‡Q, hv AskMªnY bxwZ Abymi‡Yi d‡j
N‡U‡Q; cÂgZ, mygvBqv mgm¨v mgvavb cªwµqvq iv‡k‡`i cQ›`, AcQ›` I gZvgZ‡K ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q‡Q, hvi gva¨‡g `ywU
bxwZ Abym„Z n‡q‡Q- 1. e¨w³¯^vZšÍª¨KiY bxwZ, 2. AvZ¥wbqš¿Y bxwZ 3. mygvBqvi me Kv‡R j¶ Kiv hvq †m e¨w³MZ
cQ›`-AcQ‡›`i ¸iæZ¡ bv w`‡q wbi‡c¶Zvi cwiPq w`‡q‡Q, hv Av‡iKwU bxwZ AvZ¥m‡PZbZvi bxwZ Abymi‡Yi cªgvY|
ZvB ejv hvq, mygvBqv iv‡k‡`i mgm¨v mgvavb cªwµqvq e¨w³ mgvRK‡g©i me bxwZgvjv AbymiY K‡i‡Q|
N. e¨w³ mgvRK‡g©i mgm¨vmgvav‡b mvnvh¨v_x© Ges Zvi mgm¨v m¤ú‡K© h_vh_ Z_¨ msMª‡ni gva¨‡g Kvh©Ki mgvavb
cwiKíbv Mªn‡Y †ckvMZ m¤úK© ev Rapport AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y|© †Kbbv mgm¨v mgvavb cªwµqvq h_vh_ Z_¨ AZ¨šÍ
Avek¨K| GwU GKwU wØgyLx cªwµqv| hvi gva¨‡g mgvavb cªwµqv MwZkxj nq| Gi ¸iæZ¡ we‡ePbvq wb‡q †`Lv hvq-
1. mvnvh¨v_x©i mgm¨vi ¯^iƒc wbY©‡q Gi cª‡qvRbxqZv i‡q‡Q|
2. mvnvh¨v_x©i cvwicvwk¦©K Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© aviYv jv‡f GwU `iKvi|
3. mvnvh¨v_x©‡K gvbwmK cxob †_‡K gyw³ w`‡Z Gi Ab¨_v nq bv|
4. mvnvh¨v_x©i AvPi‡Y cwieZ©b Avbq‡b Gi `iKvi|
5. e¨w³i myß cªwZfvi weKvk Ges Av‡eM I Abyf~wZi cªKvk BZ¨vw` †¶‡ÎI i&hv‡cv g~j f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|
6. ¶gZvi cybiæ×v‡ii gva¨‡g mvgvwRK f~wgKv wbwðZ Kivi †¶‡Î i&hv‡cv Avek¨K|
myZivs †`Lv hv‡”Q mgm¨v mgvavb cªwµqvq i&hv‡cv A½v½xfv‡e RwoZ Av‡Q| e¨w³ mgvRK‡g©i cªwZwU Kv‡R Gi e¨envi
j¶ Kiv hv‡”Q| ZvB Felix P. Biestek †ckv`vi m¤úK© m¤ú‡K© e‡j‡Qb, "The relationship has been called
the soul of case work, while the process of study, diagnosis and treatment have called the
body." ZvB i¨v‡cv e¨w³ mgvRK‡g©i AvZ¥v¯^iƒcÓ e³e¨wU h_v_©|