TEST CODE 02112020

FORM TP 2022194 MAY/JUNE 2022

CARIBBEAN E XAM I NAT I O N S COUNCIL

CARIBBEAN ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION®

CHEMISTRY

UNIT 1 – Paper 02

2 hours 30 minutes

READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY.

1. This paper consists of THREE questions. Answer ALL questions.

2. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.

3. Do NOT write in the margins.

4. Where appropriate, ALL WORKING MUST BE SHOWN in this booklet.

5. A data booklet is provided.

6. You may use a silent, non-programmable calculator to answer questions.

7. If you need to rewrite any answer and there is not enough space to do so on the
original page, you must use the extra lined page(s) provided at the back of this booklet.
Remember to draw a line through your original answer.

8. If you use the extra page(s) you MUST write the question number clearly in the
box provided at the top of the extra page(s) and, where relevant, include the
question part beside the answer.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

Copyright © 2021 Caribbean Examinations Council

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Answer ALL questions.

MODULE 1: FUNDAMENTALS OF CHEMISTRY

1. (a) Table 1 refers to the properties of simple subatomic particles.

TABLE 1: PROPERTIES OF SIMPLE SUBATOMIC PARTICLES

Particle Relative Mass Relative Charge Location

Electron 1/1840 –1 (i) ______________

Proton (ii) _____________ +1 Nucleus

1
(iii) _____________ (iv) _____________ Nucleus

Complete Table 1, by inserting the information in the blank spaces provided for (i), (ii),
(iii) and (iv). [4 marks]

(b) In 1803, John Dalton proposed four postulates which became known later as Dalton’s
Atomic Theory. One of the postulates states that

“Atoms of the same element are identical in mass and properties.”

This postulate was later proven invalid by modern atomic theory. Describe the evidence
provided to disprove the postulate and the modifications made to the postulate.

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[2 marks]

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(c) (i) Define the term ‘relative atomic mass’.

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[2 marks]

(ii) Calculate the relative atomic mass of neon which contains 90.9% of 20Ne, 0.3%
of 21Ne and 8.8% of 22Ne.

[2 marks]

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(d) (i) Write the s, p electronic configuration of the oxygen atom in its ground state.

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[1 mark]

(ii) Explain how the atomic orbitals in the oxygen atom overlap to form a double
covalent bond in the oxygen molecule, O2.

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[4 marks]

(iii) The boiling point of water is higher than expected and ice has a lower density than
water. Account for these physical properties of water and ice.

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[4 marks]

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(e) (i) Define the term ‘bond energy’.

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[1 mark]

(ii) Table 2 shows the bond and energy values for some covalent bonds.

TABLE 2: BOND ENERGY VALUES

Bond Energy (kJ mol–1)

H–H 436
O–O 150
O=O 496
C–H 410
C=O 740
C–O 360
O–H 460

Determine the enthalpy change for the reaction of methane and oxygen to produce
carbon dioxide and water. Show all working.

CH4 (g) + 2O2 (g) → CO2 (g) + 2H2O (g)

[5 marks]

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(f) A student is asked to determine the enthalpy of neutralization reaction between 50 cm3 of
1.00 M sodium hydroxide solution and 50 cm3 of 1.00 M hydrochloric acid.

Outline the experimental steps required to obtain an accurate value. Include ALL
calculations.

[Assume that the densities of the acid/base solutions are 1 g cm–3. The heat capacities of
the solutions are 4.20 J g–1 °C–1.]

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[5 marks]

Total 30 marks

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MODULE 2: KINETICS AND EQUILIBRIA

2. (a) A colourless liquid is extracted from ants and the liquid is found to have a pH of 4.2.

(i) Define the term ‘pH’.

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[1 mark]

(ii) Calculate the hydrogen ion concentration of the colourless liquid.

[2 marks]

(iii) Twenty cm3 of a solution with the same pH as that of the extracted colourless
liquid is placed in a flask. The pH of the solution is monitored, as 1 × 10–4 mol
dm–3 aqueous sodium hydroxide is added.

Sketch the titration curve that will be obtained.

[4 marks]

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(iv) Table 3 shows a list of indicators and pH ranges.

TABLE 3: LIST OF INDICATORS AND pH RANGES

Indicator pH range

Phenolphthalein 8.2–10.1

Bromothymol blue 6.0–7.6

Methyl red 4.2–6.3

Suggest with reasons which indicator is the most suitable for use in the titration
in (iii).

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[3 marks]

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(b) (i) Define the term ‘rate of reaction’.

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[2 marks]

(ii) Explain how the following factors may affect the rate of a chemical reaction.

• Catalysts

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[2 marks]
• Surface area

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[2 marks]

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(c) An investigation of the rate of reaction between peroxodisulfate ions (S2O82–) and iodide
ions(I–) provides some experimental data in Table 4.

TABLE 4: EXPERIMENTAL DATA FOR THE

REACTION BETWEEN S2O82– AND I–

Initial Initial Initial Rate

Experiment
Concentration Concentration of Reaction
Number
[S2O82–] mol dm–3 [I–] mol dm–3 mol dm–3 s–1

1 0.05 0.10 1.5 × 10–5

2 0.10 0.10 3.0 × 10–5

3 0.10 0.05 1.5 × 10–5

The equation for the reaction is:

S2O82– + 3I– → 2SO42– + I3–

(i) Use ONLY the data in Table 4 to determine the order of the reaction with respect
to S2O82– and I–.

[4 marks]

(ii) Based on your answer in (c) (i) above, determine the overall order of the reaction.

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[1 mark]

(iii) Determine the rate law for the reaction.

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[2 marks]
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(d) (i) Define the term ‘standard electrode potential of a half cell’.

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[2 marks]

(ii) Draw a labelled diagram to show how the standard electrode potential of the Fe3+
(aq)/Fe2+ (aq) half cell can be determined.

[5 marks]

Total 30 marks

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MODULE 3: CHEMISTRY OF THE ELEMENTS

3. (a) Explain how the following properties of the halogens change going down the group.

(i) Boiling point

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[3 marks]

(ii) Oxidizing power

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[3 marks]

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(b) Write balanced equations to show the reactions between the halide ions and concentrated
sulfuric acid.

(i) The reduction of H2SO4 to SO2 by Br –

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[2 marks]

(ii) The reduction of H2SO4 to H2S by I–

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[2 marks]

(iii) The reaction between H2SO4 and Cl–

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[2 marks]

(c) Complete the following table to show how both AgNO3(aq) and NH3 (aq) can be used to
distinguish between solutions of NaCl(aq) and NaBr(aq).

Observation with Observation with

Test
NaCl(aq) NaBr(aq)

[5 marks]

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(d) Table 5 shows some physical properties of calcium and iron.

TABLE 5: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CALCIUM VS IRON

Melting Point / Density / Atomic Radius /

Element
°C g cm–3 nm

Calcium 839 1.55 9.197

Iron 1540 7.86 0.116

Discuss the values of the physical properties in terms of the structure and bonding of the
elements.

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[4 marks]

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(e) (i) Insert arrows into EACH of the boxes in Figure 1 to show the electronic configuration
of the species.

Figure 1.
[4 marks]

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(ii) Considering the electronic configurations of the Cu+ and Cu2+ ions given below,
discuss the fact that some copper (I) compounds are colourless but most copper
(II) compounds are coloured.

Cu+ 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10

Cu2+ 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d9

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[5 marks]

Total 30 marks

END OF TEST

IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS TEST.

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