Learning Activity 1

Activity 1.1. What are the goals of Mathematics Education and brief discuss each.

Directions: Evaluate and apply what you have learned in this lesson. Read each item carefully
and answer accordingly.

There are two (2) goals of Mathematics Education and as follows:

1. " To provide opportunities for individuals to develop skills and attitudes needed for effective
participation in everyday living and prepare them for future education and the world of work so
that they make worthwhile contributions to the society at large"

Mathematics has a great impact to our life which provide us the opportunity to lead our life
meaningfully by using mathematical ideas, concept, skills and reasoning in communication for
active participation in dealing and understanding of the world as a whole. Mathematics
promotes a positive attitudes and beliefs that can bring out in our world of works in the future.

Mathematics has a significant impact on our lives, allowing us to live meaningful lives through
the application of mathematical ideas, concepts, skills, and reasoning in communication for
active engagement in dealing with and understanding the world as a whole. Mathematics
encourages positive attitudes and beliefs that will benefit our workplace in the future.

2. Mathematical empowerment focuses on developing critical and analytical thinking skills

among all Filipino students.

Mathematics empowers students to develop critical and analytical thinking skills. It also helps
Filipino students to develop a positive attitudes and skills in an appropriate situation.
Mathematics nowadays it seems to be more alive, useful and helpful for the students not just
in providing opportunities to develop skills and attitudes but also in dealing, participating and
communicating using mathematical ideas and knowledge both in oral or written.

Mathematics encourages pupils to think critically and analytically. It also aids the development
of positive attitudes and skills in Filipino students in appropriate situations. Mathematics
appears to be more alive, useful, and beneficial for students nowadays, not only in terms of
offering opportunities for students to acquire abilities and attitudes, but also in terms of dealing
with, engaging in, and communicating using mathematics.
Activity 1.2. Present and brieflyPrinciples
explain theofdifferent
Mathematics
principles in Mathematics Education
through a graphic organizer. Education

Being mathematically competent means more than having the ability to compute and
perform algorithms and mathematical procedure

A mathematically competent is someone whose able to apply the mathematical skills,

ideas and reasoning to solve social problem that we have in our everyday living aside
from having the ability to solve some mathematical problems.

The physical and social dimensions of a mathematical environment contribute to one's

success in learning mathematics

In learning mathematics, physical environment is necessary as well as the social

environment is one of the reason or factors why some students really hurts mathematics
because the teacher is not a good motivator enough to let the students to embrace the
essence and value of learning mathematics.

Mathematics is best learned when students are actively engaged

Meaningful learning takes placed when the students actively engage in an activity. Like
mathematics can be easy to learned by the learners if the learners given the opportunity
to solve the problem by them.

A deep understanding of mathematics requires a variety of tools for learning

One of the tools that can be apply or utilize to have a deep understanding of
mathematics is a manipulated and hands-on materials which can really help the students
to achieve a meaningful and effective learning.

Assessment in mathematics must be valued for the sake of knowing what and how
students learn or fail to learn mathematics

Assessment is one of the useful tools for the teachers to know if his/her students achieve
the desired goals or not. It also provides the results which can help the teachers to
determine the strength and weaknesses of his/her students.

Students' attitudes and beliefs about mathematics affect

Students with positive attitudes and beliefs on mathematics can really appreciate the
essence and importance of mathematics. They are also interested in learning
mathematics as well. However, students with negative attitudes and beliefs are really
affects their learning in mathematics.

Mathematics learning needs the support of both parents and other community groups

Our parents, relatives, friends, peers and other people that surround us including those
people in our community should contribute and help the students for the success of
learning mathematics. Those people should help in motivating and showing how
mathematics is being applied and value by these people.
Activity 1.3. Briefly describe the Mathematics Framework for Philippine Basic Education

Mathematics Framework for Philippine Basic Education is about the flow or standards of
curriculum for mathematics education in the Philippines. It describe how mathematics is being
emphasized and alive in the life every Filipino. Mathematics Education follow a certain
curriculum which implemented by curricularists and other curriculum stakeholders that makes
the curriculum apply and takes place in the life of students.

The flow or standards of curriculum for mathematics instruction in the Philippines are discussed in the
Mathematics Framework for Philippine Basic Education. It explains how mathematics is highlighted and
alive in every Filipino's life. Mathematics education follows a set of guidelines that are implemented by
curricularists and other curriculum stakeholders to ensure that the curriculum is followed and
implemented.

1.A mathematically competent person is someone who, in addition to being able to solve some
mathematical problems, is able to apply mathematical skills, ideas, and reasoning to solve social
problems that we face in our daily lives.
2. The physical environment is necessary for learning mathematics, as is the social environment. One of
the reasons or factors that some students really hurt mathematics is that the teacher is not a good
motivator enough to allow the students to embrace the essence and value of learning mathematics.

3. Meaningful learning occurs when students actively participate in an activity. Mathematics, for
example, can be easily learned by students if they are given the opportunity to solve problems.

4. One of the tools that can be used to gain a thorough understanding of mathematics is manipulative
and hands-on materials, which can greatly assist students in achieving meaningful and effective learning.

5.Assessment is one of the most useful tools for teachers to use in determining whether or not their
students have met their objectives. It also provides results that can assist teachers in determining the
strengths and weaknesses of their students.

6. Students who have positive attitudes and beliefs about mathematics can truly appreciate its essence
and importance. They are also enthusiastic about learning mathematics. Students with negative
attitudes and beliefs, on the other hand, have a negative impact on their mathematics learning.

7.

Process of Teaching and Learning: A Paradigm Shift

A teacher can change the teaching and learning into a game with his teaching styles.
Teaching is not only an activity of the mind but also a function of the heart. If we suppose that
teacher is a magician who helps to dream of success in life. The good teacher tells his story to
give new experiences to his students. There is a need to focus on learning strategy and to support
the learner by innovative ideas. According to Marzano (2007) past studies gives quantitative
information about the influence of effective teacher and democratic school on academic
achievement achievement of a learner, therefore the role of a teacher as well as school is entirely
directionally proportional a teacher must prepare his lesson according to different techniques so
that students may enjoy the study.

A report which was published in 1966 known as Equality in Education Opportunity,

which is also commonly known as Coleman Report 1966 asks some fundamental questions about
the teaching and learning process. In the light of this report, Marzano wrote a book in 2007
entitled as “The Art and Science of Teaching”. This report and book were the miracles and
strong evidence in favor of schools and teachers to prove the responsibility and worry about the
learners. Since then further studies have shown confirmation for the different decisions with a
discussion that operative schools can make a plentiful variance in the attainment of the learners.
The last decades of the 20th century also cleared the picture of schools and its innovative
teaching-learning processes. The schools have setup their infrastructures and manpower
capabilities with an effective teaching-learning environment.

Every person cannot be a teacher if he is properly not skilled with the teaching
profession. As we know that Socrates gave quiz method for learning and teaching. As Aristotle
once said that “For the things we have to learn before we can do them, we learn by during
them”. Aristotle suggested that education which can provide practical knowledge will be useful.
Aristotle highlighted in his work that “Anything that we have to learn to do we learn by the
actual doing of it We came just by doing just acts, temperate by doing temperate ones, brave by
doing brave ones”. Aristotle was not a professor but was its prototype. He gave his valuable
period of life for the teaching and learning. Although his work was not like research, is written in
that manner we are using his work as an ideal research.

Every teacher should start his lesson by the real example and must finish it by teaching
the use and application of knowledge. The real teacher evaluates achievement of his student
using formative approaches. Therefore, the continuous and comprehensive evaluation (CCE) is
the proper tool for interactive valuation. According to Bloom “If there is no interaction in the
classroom, no any type learning and teaching can take place.” So what should do a teacher?

A teacher is a former who reforms the education system, an instructor who instructs the
learner, a maker who makes the future of learner, a driver who drives the curriculum, a generator
who generates the knowledge and many things more. The teacher converts teaching in the
transformational process. He transmits the knowledge to the learner to generate ideas. Teacher
grants some special power to develop the capacity for self-monitoring and self-directing the
ideas. Therefore, a teacher can make some changes by some new implementations.

Friendly environment for teaching and learning

Today, it is being believed that school share the places of torture by sick, but now these
are formed in a place of learning with fun. The schools of new generations are creating the
environment of happiness among learners and giving suggestions for best performance.

Teaching and learning are significant responsibilities, it’s not merely job. Education is the
mystery for the learner where the role of a teacher is not to open this mystery but to help to
search the proper ways of disclosing this mystery by the learner himself. Today, teaching is not
an act. It is becoming an art of understanding the learner, his needs, his psychology, his
functioning, his mental stages, his stress, his happiness, his weakness, his strong sides and
science of learning. In his book, The Republic Plato wrote “That’s what education should
be,” I said, “the art of orientation. Educators should devise the simplest and most effective
methods of turning minds around. It shouldn’t be the art of implanting sight in the organ, but
should proceed on the understanding that the organ already has the capacity, but is improperly
aligned and isn’t facing the right way.” It is believed that a teacher has the third eye by which
he can see what a learner wants. Sometimes the teacher is called as future predictors due to his
ability to know the strength and ways to increase the stamina of the learner. Alexander the great
(king of the Greek kingdom of Macedon) said for his great teacher Aristotle that “I am
indebted to my father for living, but to my teacher for living well. Therefore, “Those who
educate children well are more to be honoured than they who produce them; for these only gave
them life, those, the art of living well.”

The teacher must be taught such type that the learner can be able to create self-awareness
to monitor other comprehensive difficulties of his subject. It was the past when “chalk with
talk” method was used to teach. But in this continuous growing world, there is a compulsion to
change the techniques of teaching by the teacher and learning by the learner.

Making Teaching Strategies

The teaching strategies can be categorized in convergent and divergent teaching. The
convergent teaching is teacher centered and structure where passive alertness of students is
necessary, but divergent teaching is child centered where active alertness of learner is important.
In convergent teaching, the learner cannot impart his knowledge but in divergent he can. A
teacher can teach by the divergent teaching method with following instructions-
 By knowing the level of ability and speed of learning of individual.
 By identifying the styles of learning of the learner.
 By identifying the personality of the learner.
 By making the inter-disciplinary curriculum.

In favoured of the science of learning Kolb (1999) described the styles of learning. Kolb
claims that actual knowledge and mental conceptualization redirect left and right brain to think
individually. He believes that experiences reflect the styles of learning while learning styles are
not related to personality trit. He gave a model for the learning process. In which he emphasizes
on four (4) type of learning process as –
 Divergent learning (related to innovation and imagination)
 Assimilation learning (related to empirical and inductive knowledge)
 Convergent learning (related to application of ideas and problem solving)
 Accommodation learning (related to intuition and trial and error)

Sergiovanni (1994) found his research that to create an environment for shaping the
learners into an interconnected and helpful learning society, the teacher must need to impart his
efforts for the effectiveness of the teaching by models, joyful mood, openness, responsive
development, honesty and loving about students.
With his teaching styles, a teacher can turn teaching and learning into a game. Teaching is not only a
mental activity, but also a heart function. Assume that the teacher is a magician who assists students in
dreaming of success in life. A good teacher tells his story to provide his students with new experiences.
There is a need to concentrate on learning strategy and to support the learner through
innovation.According to Marzano (2007), previous studies provide quantitative information about the
influence of an effective teacher and a democratic school on a learner's academic achievement
achievement; thus, the role of a teacher as well as a school is entirely directionally proportional; a
teacher must prepare his lesson using various techniques so that students enjoy the study.

A report published in 1966 titled Equality in Education Opportunity, also known as the Coleman Report
1966, raises some fundamental questions about the teaching and learning process. In response to this
report, Marzano published The Art and Science of Teaching in 2007.This report and book were miracles
and strong evidence in favor of schools and teachers in demonstrating responsibility and concern for the
students. Since then, additional studies have shown support for the various decisions with a discussion
that operative schools can make a significant difference in the attainment of the learners.The final
decades of the twentieth century also helped to clear the picture of schools and their innovative
teaching-learning processes. The schools have created an effective teaching-learning environment by
establishing infrastructure and manpower capabilities.

Everyone cannot be a teacher if they are not properly trained in the teaching profession. Socrates, as we
all know, devised the quiz method of learning and teaching. As Aristotle once said, we learn by doing the
things we need to learn before we can do them. According to Aristotle, education that provides practical
knowledge will be beneficial. Aristotle stated in his work that anything we have to learn to do, we learn
by doing it. We became just by doing just acts, temperate by doing temperate acts, and brave by doing
brave acts. Aristotle was not a professor, but he was the model for one. He dedicated a significant
portion of his life to teaching and learning. Although his work was not like research, it was written in
such a way that we are using it as an ideal research.

Every teacher should begin his or her lesson with a real-life example and end it by teaching the use and
application of knowledge. A true teacher assesses his students' progress using formative methods. As a
result, continuous and comprehensive evaluation (CCE) is the most appropriate tool for interactive
valuation. According to Bloom, there can be no learning or teaching if there is no interaction in the
classroom. So, what should a teacher do?

A teacher is a former who reforms the educational system, an instructor who instructs the learner, a
maker who creates the learner's future, a driver who drives the curriculum, a generator who generates
knowledge, and many other things. In the transformational process, the teacher converts teaching. He
transfers knowledge to the learner in order for the learner to generate ideas. The teacher bestows some
special power to help students develop the ability to self-monitor and self-direct their ideas. As a result,
a teacher can effect change through new implementation.
Friendly environment for teaching and learning

Today, it is believed that schools are places of torture by sick people, but these are now formed in a
place of learning with fun. Schools for the next generation are creating a happy environment for
students and offering advice on how to perform at their best.

Teaching and learning are significant responsibilities; they are more than just a job. Education is a
mystery for the learner, and the role of the teacher is to assist the learner in discovering the proper
methods of disclosing this mystery. Today, teaching is not a performance. It is evolving into an art of
understanding the learner, his needs, psychology, functioning, mental stages, stress, happiness,
weaknesses, strengths, and the science of learning. Plato wrote in his book The Republic, "Thats what
education should be, I said, the art of orientation." Educators should come up with the simplest and
most effective methods of changing people's minds.
It should not be the art of implanting sight in the organ, but rather proceed with the understanding that
the organ already has the capacity but is misaligned and not facing the correct way. It is believed that a
teacher possesses a third eye through which he can see what a learner desires. Because of his ability to
predict the learner's strength and ways to increase stamina, the teacher is sometimes referred to as a
future predictor. Alexander the Great (king of the Greek kingdom of Macedon) said of his great teacher
Aristotle, "I am indebted to my father for life, but to my teacher for well-being." As a result, those who
educate children well deserve to be honored more than those who produce them, because the former
only gave them life, while the latter taught them the art of living well.

The teacher must be taught in such a way that the learner can develop self-awareness in order to
monitor other comprehensive difficulties of his subject. It was a time when the chalk and talk method
was used to teach. However, in this ever-changing world, there is an impetus to change the techniques
of teaching by the teacher and learning by the learner.

Making Teaching Strategies

There are two types of teaching strategies: convergent and divergent teaching. Convergent teaching is
teacher-centered and structured, requiring students to be passively alert, whereas divergent teaching is
child-centered and requires learners to be actively alert. The learner cannot impart his knowledge in
convergent teaching, but he can in divergent. With the following instructions, a teacher can use the
divergent teaching method to teach.

By kowing an individual's level of ability and rate of learning.

By identifying the learner's learning styles.
By determining the learner's personality.
By developing an inter-disciplinary curriculum.

Kolb (1999), a proponent of learning science, described learning styles. Kolb asserts that actual
knowledge and mental conceptualization cause the left and right brains to think separately. He believes
that experiences reflect learning styles, whereas learning styles are unrelated to personality traits. He
gave a model for the learning process. In which he emphasizes on four (4) type of learning process as :

Divergent learning (related to innovation and imagination)

Assimilation learning (related to empirical and inductive knowledge)
Convergent learning (related to application of ideas and problem solving)
Accommodation learning (related to intuition and trial and error)
Sergiovanni (1994) discovered in his research that in order to create an environment for shaping
learners into an interconnected and helpful learning society, the teacher must impart his efforts for the
effectiveness of teaching through models, joyful mood, openness, responsive development, honesty,
and loving about students.