Evolution
Darwin’s Theo
Natural Selecti
MAIN IDEA: Charles D
developed a theory of e
on natural selection.
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Why was Darw
controver
Evolution vs. Creati
● Creationism – belie
created all living thin
● Evolution – theory t
have changed over ti
Until the 1800s
● People thought the s
organisms on earth w
existence Loading
● This changed when s
fossils of organisms
earth
What made Darw
previous assumpti
different organisms
Scientists observed…
● Fossil evidence
● Many different speci
● Variations (differenc
species
Change in Thought
● Scientists began to w
why these changes to
● 2 biologists believed
changed in response t
environments:
● French Jean Baptiste
● British Charles Darw
Lamarck’s Theory
● 1809 – Lamarck pro
of evolution
● Theory based on 2 h
● Organisms develop t
and disuse of body p
● Acquired characteris
from parents to offsp
According to Lama
giraffes have lon
Lamarck’s giraffe e
Copy)
Lamarck assumed giraffe
originally and ate grass
Grass died due to climate
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Giraffes ate leaves off tre
As giraffes stretched neck
Giraffe’s acquired long n
future generations
Scientists questioned this
Charles Darwin
● Born in 1809
● Age 22, went on voyag
(British ship) as a natur
● Mapping expedition of
S. Pacific
Darwin’s Thoughts
Charles Lyell’s book influ
Lyell said Earth was milli
Observed fossils of marin
mountains, etc
Observed changing earth
volcanoes, etc; saw chang
Thought organisms woul
these changes
Darwin’s Studies
● Observed thousands
species
● Took careful notes
● Collected specimens
● Studies fossils
Galapagos Islands (
● Off coast of Ecuador
● Observed MANY differ
● Many similar to those o
America
● Observed tortoises, igua
with slight differences o
● Ex: different beaks of fi
Help from Gould (D
● John Gould, another B
● Concluded finches wer
species, and were not o
America
● Darwin though species
reaching islands
DO NOW
● What is the difference
selection and artificia
● What is the difference
selection and evolutio
Artificial vs. Natura
● Artificial - breeding fo
● Natural – naturally “de
bred more often – caus
in species over time (ev
Darwin’s Theory
● Published book: On th
by Means of Natural Se
from another scientist,
Wallace
● Theory based on 4 mai
● Variations
● Inheritance of traits
● Overproduction
● Survival of the fittes
Variations
● Variations (differences
members of the same s
● Ex: different breeds of
cats, etc.
Inheritance of Variation
● Traits are inherited
Overproduction
● Organisms produce mo
can survive and reprod
● This ensures that some
survive to reproduce
● Ex: fish, insects, frogs,
Survival of the Fitte
● Organisms with traits t
adapting survive to rep
● Pass on these useful tra
● Natural selection – en
determines which varia
selected
Peppered Moth Exa
COPY)
● Early 1800s, England
● Peppered moths were m
few were white, few w
(variations)
● Gray blended with tree
didn’t see or eat them,
but black ones were ea
● Industrial Revolution –
built
● Black soot on trees
● Which moths were NO
survive?
● Once, many years ago,
size of cats. Now, they
much bigger. How wou
explain this change? H
explain it?
Evidence of Evoluti
● Fossils
● Anatomy
● Embryos
● Molecules
● Biogeography
Fossil Evidence
● Show extinct species
● Show relationships bet
ancient organisms
● Show intermediate spe
between ancient and m
