Ec ee ee ee eee ee ee een eens SUE AVE Salw LES UCCy). GD EXPERIMENT 8 \EM: To study the relation between frequency and length of a given wire under constant tension using sonometer. APPARATUS A sonometer, a set of eight tuning forks, ; kghanger, seven ; kg slotted weights, rubber pad, paper rider, metre scale, screw gauge. THEORY If stretched wire (string) vibrates in resonance with a tuning fork of frequency v, then the string so has same frequency v. If the string has a length I, diameter D, material of density p and tension T, then if (A) ves fe ID \ np ‘Scanned with CamScanner208 Comprehensive Practical Physics—X1 Relation between frequency (v) and length (1). From Eq. (1) above, voc ; or 1 vl = Constant. Agraphbetween vand > willbeastraightline, while agraph between vandlwillbea rectangular hyperbola. Relation between length (1) and tension (T). From Eq. (1) above, aT “T= Constant or VT «1 or To? Agraph between Tand will be a straight line. DIAGRAM Refer Fig, 18.08. PROCEDURE To find the relation between frequency and length: 1. Place the sonometer on the table as shown in Fig. 18.08. 2. Test the pulley and make it frictionless by oiling (if necessary). 3. Put suitable maximum weight in the hanger. 4, Move wooden bridges P, P outward to include maximum length of wire (AB) between them. 5, Take a tuning fork of least frequency from among the set. Strike its prong with a rubber pad to make it vibrate. Bring the tuning fork near your ear. . Pluck the wire AB from the middle and leave it to vibrate. Listen sound produced by tuning fork and wire and judge which has less frequency (sound which is grave and has low pitch, has less frequency). 8, Since the long wire may have less frequency, decrease its length by moving the bridges inwardly. Check the frequencies again. 9. Goon decreasing the length till frequency of vibrating wire AB becomes equal to the frequency of the tuning fork. 10. Put an inverted V-shaped paper rider on the wire AB in its middle. Vibrate the tuning fork and touch the lower end of its handle with sonometer board. The wire AB vibrates due to resonance and paper rider falls. 11. Note the length of the wire AB between the edges of the two bridges and record it in ‘length decreasing’ column. 12. Bring the two bridges closer and then adjust the length of the wire by increasing it little by little till rider falls. 13. Note the length of the wire and record it in ‘length increasing’ column, rNo ‘Scanned with CamScannerof Strings and Air Columns 209 ‘a Me the remaining five tuning forks, one by one, in order of increasing frequency and repeat steps Sto 18, 4g. Rword your observations as given below. a SERVATIONS Constant tension on the wires, T= __ kg. ‘Table for frequency and length Nite Observation 1 is given as sample.) (ALCULATIONS 1, Find mean length J. 2. Find - T B 3 ata raph between van taking v along X-axis and along Y-axis oo oe a froquoncy and ongth seees ‘ : -y A “e h y © Frequoney (ine Graph between frequency (v) and length J. It is a rectangular hyperbola. ‘Scanned with CamScannerComprehensive Practical Physics—X1 x a 4, Plota graph between vand 7 taking valong X-axis and along Y-axis. The graph comes to be a straight line as shown in below. Graph between v and 1/1 Y Scal Xaxk 1om=32Hzof v ‘Y-axis : 1.6m = 0.005 em*' of 1/1 g 5 S -obes 3 3 s yo ce 0.025 os 0256" 288 320 384 480 «512 x Frequency (v) in Hz Graph between v and 1/1. It is a straight line. RESULT From the graph, we conclude that vi = constant and v cc z ‘This verifies law of length of transverse vibrations of strings. ‘Scanned with CamScanner