ARCH_411 – •landscape - parks, streets, plants

etc
DESIGN 07
KEY COMPONENTS
INTRODUCTION TO 1 urban design pursues
URBAN COMMUNITY multiple objectives for multiple
DESIGN (G1) clients

Architecture- individual buildings, EXAMPLES URBAN DESIGN

smaller scale -public spaces - create vibrant
Urban design- planning and areas
creating something, medium scale, -transportation Networks - improve
specific spaces in the city connectivity
Urban planning -strategy for the -mixed used developments-
city Layout, arrangement, integrate residential, commercial
organizing, large scale, where and recreational spaces
things should go
2 urban design addresses the
First urban designer - hippodamus sensory environment
of Miletus EXAMPLES URBAN DESIGN -
•Piraeus (port of Athens) - rational streetscaping and landscaping -
street and grid system and a enhance the physical and visual
central plaza experience
•City of thurium - building facades and materials -
ensure that buildings contribute
Urban design - "manipulation of positively
the physical environment" - - lighting design-Improve safety
professor Meyer Wolfe and ambiance
- everyone needs are considered
- improves people lives and the 3. URBAN DESIGN CONSIDERS
overall city experience THE IMPLICATION OF FORM-
GIVING ACTION IN A RANGE OF
Consideration _ SCALES - addresses conditions
•People perceived and behavior within the project boundaries but
•impact of design choices also the recommendation effects
•meeting multiple goals on the larger surroundings
•public participation 4. URBAN DESIGN USES AN
URBAN DESIGN ELEMENTS EXPLICIT, PUBLIC DECISION -
•buildings - defining space MAKING PROCESS - mag survey
•public space- where people come
together A PROCESS DIAGRAM FROM
•streets - connect space MEYER WOLFE'S
•transport - help people move 1. definitional - preliminary study
through the city 2. Conceptual - alternative
exploration
3. Evaluative - alternative their needs, foster a sense of
evaluation ownership and pride
4. Decisions - synthesis trade off 7. Designing for flexibility and
model adaptability - foster social
GMA- rational growth, consistency, interaction and community
concurrency – GROWTH engagement
MANAGEMENT ACT
1. A 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. A 6. C 7. A 8.B Urban form/structure -
9. C 10. A 11. B 12. C 13. B 14. C Arrangement of land use in urban
15. D 16. A 17. D 18. A 19. C 20. D areas
BUILDING A -urban spatial structure -
concerns the arrangement of public
COMMUNITY THROUGH and private space in cities
URBAN DESIGN (G2) -"urban form" - used to describe a
city's physical characteristics- size,
Urban design- is the practice of shape, and configuration of an
planning and organizing the urban area
physical layout Community -
group of people connected by a Elements;
shared location, interests or values. • Natural environment
• Topography
STRATEGIES • soil types (bearing capacity)
1. Creating public space for • types of vegetation
gathering - encourage social • climate and micro climate
interaction and community • environment characteristics
activities • landscape features
2. Encouraging walkability and
accessibility - walkable 1. Grid iron/rectangular
neighborhoods with accessible pattern-grid street plan or gridiron
public spaces plan - type of city plan In which
3. Designing for mixed used and streets run at right angles to each
diversity- integrate residential, other
commercial and recreational, cater e.g Plan of CHANDIGARH CITY
to diverse groups and foster
community ties. Advantages
4. Incorporating community spaces • Shorter routes
in residential areas- such as • easy to extend
playgrounds and communal • easy to find places
gardens, to connect and strengthen Disadvantages
community bonds • Associated with traffic congestion
5. Promoting inclusivity and social • many intersections/robots
equity- reduce social inequality, • time consuming
promoting social equity • fuel consuming
6. Fostering community • road rage/ frustration
engagement through participatory
design - ensures that spaces reflect
2. Radial/concentric system - 4. MULTI CENTERED SYSTEM -
organizing visual material by city grows from several
arranging it around a central point independent points rather than
- inner outer ring roads linked by from one central business district
radiating roads
- core has the business area Advantages
- industrial area interspersed within • optional locations for focal
the residential activities and system terminals
- periphery has green belts • good psychological orientation
• adaptability to existing conditions
Advantages Disadvantages
• a direct line of travel • depends on stability to key
• centrally directed flows locations
• economic of a single point or • potential accessibility problems
origin point • tendency to dilute focal activities
• less intersections
• easier flow of traffic 5. Irregular System - No set
• aesthetic appeal pattern.
Disadvantages
• central congestion Advantages
• local flow problems • create aesthetic appeal due to
• difficult building sites different roads
• unplanned growth can create • less traffic congestion
traffic problems • less interactions

3. Linear system- elongated Disadvantages

urban formation • can get lost
-purely segregated zone for railway • travel longer distances
lines
-zone of production and communal PRINCIPLES
enterprises 1. Character - A place with its own
-residential zone identity 2. Continuity & closure - a
-a park zone place where public and private
-agricultural zone spaces clearly distinguished
3. Public realm - a place with
Advantages attractive and successful outdoor
-high accessibility spaces
- adaptability to linear growth 4. Ease of movement - a place that
- useful along limited edge easy to get and move through.
5. Legibility - a place that has clear
Disadvantages image and easy to understand
- very sensitive to blockage • routes- key element in the way
- requires control of growth that campus is perceived
- lack of focus • landmarks - object or feature of a
landscape or town
• focal point - public spaces are key community, sense of shared
to the legibility of any place experience
• view - create new vistas and
landmarks What makes a good community
architecture? - the principle of
6. Adaptability - describe the community-based design is that
capability to adapt private and the built environment works better
public urban elements 7. Diversity- when those who use it are actively
a mix of architectural styles, public and directly involved in it's creation
spaces that accommodate different and management
activities
How does architecture
contribute to the character of
your community?
- Architecture has played a
significant role in shaping society.
By providing custom living spaces
that offer comfort, good health,
and safety, architecture has made
a positive impact on the world

Placemaking - aims to enhance

PLACE MAKING (G3) public spaces to reflect the needs
and aspirations of the community.
Community building - a great way - foster connections between
to bring people together and create people and the places they share.
a sense of togetherness. Ex. Parks, markets, plazas
- Began in 1960s - urbanist, Jane
THE SENSE OF COMMUNITY IS Jacobs and William h Whyte.
IMPORTANT FOR PEOPLE TO - Downtown lowa city- good
FEEL LIKE THEY BELONG example of placemaking
SOMEWHERE AND HAVE A
GROUP OF PEOPLE TO RELY ON Jane Jacobs - urbanologist, noted
for her clear and original
4 COMPONENTS observations on urban life and its
• Membership - feeling like you are problems
a part of a group, sense of William Holly Whyte - mentor of
belonging project for public spaces because
• Influence - like you can have an of his seminal work in the study of
impact on your community, your human behavior in urban setting.
voice is matter
• fulfillment of needs - your needs 5 PLACEMAKING PRACTICES IN
are being met by your community, ARCHITECTURE
you're supported
• emotional connection - being •include a mix of uses
close to other people in your •design to the human scale
•invite passerby 5. Transportation and mobility
•respond to the local context 6. Sustainability
•consider ecology, history, and
culture KEY PRINCIPLES FOR POST-
CORONA ARCHITECTURE AND
What is placemaking? URBAN DESIGN
- an approach to urban design that
prioritize people over infrastructure • Health and safety - creating
spaces that allow for physical
What is the importance of distancing while maintaining social
placemaking? interaction
- strengthen and support • flexibility and adaptability - adapt
communities is all about creating to changes in needs are essential
places that bring people together for resilience
• sustainability and resilience-
Strategies for post-pandemic emphasize sustainable practices
placemaking • community and inclusivity-
encourage social interaction and
• reimagining public spaces inclusivity Design Strategies
• flexible design • Design for health - improve air
• health and safety integration quality and hygiene
• flexible spaces - that can be
What is community building in easily reconfigured for different
urban design? - a way of uses
planning, building, and creating • outdoor spaces - integrate green
places for living and working spaces and pedestrian zones
• technology integration - utilize
Post-pandemic world -refers to the smart city technologies
global or societal conditions after Urban Design strategies for
the pandemic has been effectively resilient communities
controlled • Reimagining public space -
support social distancing while
Challenges during pandemic enabling social interaction
• insufficient public space • transportation and mobility
• workforce challenges solution - reduce reliance on
• mental wellbeing crowded public transportation,
promote flexible work
KEY ASPECTS arrangements
1. outdoor spaces –
2. Flexible and multifunctional CHALLENGES AND
spaces- allowing for a variety of CONSIDERATIONS
gatherings while maintaining • Balancing economic constraint
adequate distance and design innovation - finding cost
3. Digital integration- digital effective solutions that do not
platforms etc 4. Programmatic compromise on quality or
initiatives functionality
• addressing inequality - have
access to well-designed spaces
• regulatory and policy implications
- adopting building codes and
others

FUTURE DIRECTIONS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

• best practices for architecture

and urban designers - encourage
continuous learning and adoption
of best practices
• Community Engagement -
engage communities in the design
process

Police station - Police officers

work to maintain law and order
Hotel - offers accommodations and
services
Gas station - vehicles can refuel
with gasoline etc
Library - where books are
available for borrowing or reading
Restaurant - where prepared
meals are served to customers
Airport - airplanes take off and
land Cinema - where films are
shown to audience
Hospital - place you go to see
doctors and nurses
Museum - dedicated to
preservation and exhibition of
objects