Scribd
Upload
9 views2 pages

Data Communication

The document outlines the process of digital transmission, focusing on analog to digital conversion and the components of digital communication systems. It describes the roles of information sources, source encoders, channel encoders, digital modulators, communication channels, digital demodulators, channel decoders, source decoders, and output transducers. Each component is essential for converting and transmitting signals efficiently while managing noise and interference.

Uploaded by

Smitha Rajesh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
9 views2 pages

Data Communication

The document outlines the process of digital transmission, focusing on analog to digital conversion and the components of digital communication systems. It describes the roles of information sources, source encoders, channel encoders, digital modulators, communication channels, digital demodulators, channel decoders, source decoders, and output transducers. Each component is essential for converting and transmitting signals efficiently while managing noise and interference.

Uploaded by

Smitha Rajesh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Unit III: Digital Transmission

Analog to Digital Conversion : Block Diagram of Digital Communication System. Parallel and serial
Pulse Code Modulation(PCM), Sampling, Sampling Rate, Quantization, Delta modulation, Adaptive
Delta Modulation, Transmission modes, Parallel Transmission, Serial Transmission, Asynchronous
Transmission, Synchronous Transmission.

ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERSION
Digital Communication Systems:

Elements of Digital Communication Systems

1. Information Source and Input Transducer:

The source of information can be analog or digital, e.g. analog: audio or video signal, digital: like
teletype signal. In digital communication the signal produced by this source is converted into digital
signal which consists of 1′s and 0′s. For this we need a source encoder.

2. Source Encoder:

In digital communication we convert the signal from source into digital signal as mentioned above.
The point to remember is we should like to use as few binary digits as possible to represent the
signal. In such a way this efficient representation of the source output results in little or no
redundancy. This sequence of binary digits is called information sequence.

Source Encoding or Data Compression: the process of efficiently converting the output of whether
analog or digital source into a sequence of binary digits is known as source encoding.

3. Channel Encoder:

The information sequence is passed through the channel encoder. The purpose of the channel
encoder is to introduce, in controlled manner, some redundancy in the binary information sequence
that can be used at the receiver to overcome the effects of noise and interference encountered in
the transmission on the signal through the channel.
For example take k bits of the information sequence and map that k bits to unique n bit sequence
called code word. The amount of redundancy introduced is measured by the ratio n/k and the
reciprocal of this ratio (k/n) is known as rate of code or code rate.

4. Digital Modulator:

The binary sequence is passed to digital modulator which in turns convert the sequence into electric
signals so that we can transmit them on channel (we will see channel later). The digital modulator
maps the binary sequences into signal wave forms , for example if we represent 1 by sin x and 0 by
cos x then we will transmit sin x for 1 and cos x for 0. ( a case similar to BPSK)

5. Channel:

The communication channel is the physical medium that is used for transmitting signals from
transmitter to receiver. In wireless system, this channel consists of atmosphere , for traditional
telephony, this channel is wired , there are optical channels, under water acoustic channels etc.We
further discriminate this channels on the basis of their property and characteristics, like AWGN
channel etc.

6. Digital Demodulator:

The digital demodulator processes the channel corrupted transmitted waveform and reduces the
waveform to the sequence of numbers that represents estimates of the transmitted data symbols.

7. Channel Decoder:

This sequence of numbers then passed through the channel decoder which attempts to reconstruct
the original information sequence from the knowledge of the code used by the channel encoder and
the redundancy contained in the received data

Note: The average probability of a bit error at the output of the decoder is a measure of the
performance of the demodulator – decoder combination.

8. Source Decoder:

At the end, if an analog signal is desired then source decoder tries to decode the sequence from the
knowledge of the encoding algorithm. And which results in the approximate replica of the input at
the transmitter end.

9. Output Transducer:

Finally we get the desired signal in desired format analog or digital.

You might also like