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TOXIC ENVIRONMENT MONITORING USING

SENSORS BASED ON ARDUINO
R.Rajalakshmi, PG Student J.Vidhya, Associate Professor
Electronics and Communication Engineering Electronics and Communication Engineering
IFET College of Engineering IFET College of Engineering,
Villupuram, India Villupuram, India
[email protected] [email protected]

Abstract— Nowadays, people are pretentious by hazardous sensor node is fixed on a bicycle to detect harmful environment
environment. Toxic pollution corrupted in water, soil, and air is conditions using Zigbee wireless module.
harmful or poisonous. It includes factory-made wastes like toxic
heavy metals from mining or chemicals from factories, and also II. RELATED WORK
sewage and particulates from power plants. Contamination
comes in many forms, and it infects people differently, The work described in reference [6] presents a
occasionally in ways that may not be immediately noticeable. visionary design for a adaptable, extensible and cost effectual
This system is made for people safety applications. This paper convenient system for observing the LPG gas leaks in the
aimed to monitoring toxic gases in deleterious environmental existence of air using LABVIEW. Reference [7] presents to
conditions for safety applications based on Wi-Fi. The proposed monitor pollutant environment using wireless sensor networks
system is to monitor harmful gases like Carbon Monoxide,
on real time. The gases like CO and CO2 are determined using
Methane, Hydrogen, Flammable gases using sensors. When the
criterion level go beyond the threshold limit an alert message will calibration technique. Reference [8] presents to monitor
be send to the user using GSM. weather conditions in chemical industries and also continuous
monitoring to get the exact toxic gases level of atmosphere of
Keywords— Safety application; Environment monitoring; Toxic city and to calculate harmful emissions of every year.
gases; Sensors; GSM module; Air pollution monitoring Reference [9] presents IoT based air quality monitoring
scheme in real time using Raspberry pi. The parameters like
I. INTRODUCTION PM2.5, CO2, CO, febricity, steam and air pressure were
monitored and is transmitted to cloud. Reference [10] presents
People functioning in gutters and below ground mines or
other mining corporations usually have respiratory disorders a complete system that is given an intense datasheet
due to the type of waft present in the working atmosphere. For concerning the parameters like heat, humidness, pressure, CO
exemplar, In my country the worker often have to enter and harmful air impurities of the town atmosphere exploitation
manholes or sewers to clean them. The ablution machines are low price, low power Advanced Risc Machine based mostly
possible but frequently they fail. Sometimes deadly gases like digital computer that’s Raspberry pi using LAN. In reference
Carbon monoxide (CO), Carbon dioxide (CO2), Nitrogen [11] describes the hardware system to monitoring dangerous
dioxide (NO2) or inflammable gases like Hydrogen (H), environment and to store and analyse sensors data and
Methane (CH4), Liquid Petroleum Gas may be present. These evaluate energy consumption using Wireless Sensor Network.
could be final for the person entering such fields.So a proposed In reference [12] presents an chemistry detector was designed
a simple system is proposed to monitor the harmful gases in to observe the harmful gases like NH3 associate degree
hazardous environment. The work reported in [1] presents to element chemical compound at totally different areas within
monitoring toxic environment conditions like temperature and the animal house. In reference [13] presents a novel style of
relative humidity. The collected data transmitted from sensor to RFID sensing element patch create of semiconducting cloth
mobile phone using Bluetooth. Reference [2] describes and integrated on cloths and expanded the semi conductive
Bluetooth wireless node used to measuring CO2 concentration, cloth based totally RFID for warmth sensing and demonstrate
the Earth’s magnetic field and to monitored temperature and its use by activity variations within the outside heat. Reference
humidity. The rechargeable Li-ion battery is used for recharge [14] presents to monitoring poisonous environment using
the Bluetooth wireless node. Reference [3] presents a vesture
wireless sensors through Zigbee. In reference [15] describes
system to detect hazardous situations for safety application.
the design of a wireless sensor network to observing
The parameters monitored like CO2, temperature and humidity
and data is transmitted using Zigbee. The work described in dangerous gases like CO2 and measures low power strategies
reference [4] presents to monitoring urban environment using for better battery life through wireless personal area network.
sensors.The parameters like temperature, humidity, Reference [22] describes the detailed survey on toxic
atmospheric pressure, ambient light. In work [5], presents to environment monitoring based on different technologies using
monitor air pollutants together with O2 and PM10.A mobile sensors.

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III. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION c) Methane (CH4) Gas Sensor :
A. Hardware materials Methane gas sensor is used to detect the methane gas
1. Arduino UNO Board in the atmosphere and its output is in sequential form. The
dangerous level of methane gas is 300ppm to 10,000ppm.
Arduino UNO is a microcontroller panel that
supports the ATmega328p. It's twenty digital input/output pins
(of that half dozen is also used as PWM results and 6 can be d) Flammable gas and smoke sensor (MQ2):
used as linear entries), a sixteen megacycle per second
resonating chamber, a serial cable association, an influence This flammable gas and smoke sensor is used to
doodly-squat, associate degree in-circuit design programming measures the congregations of combustible gas in the air and
(ICSP) header, and a push. It covers all required to support the its value in analogue form. The concentration level of
microcontroller merely link to a computer (or applicable wall flammable gas of 300 to 10,000ppm and it can operating at -
power adapter) with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC 20 to 50 degree celcius consumes low power.
transcriber or battery to induce launched.
The Arduino varies from boards are not using FTDI 3. GSM Module
USB-to-serial driver chip as a substitute of an arduino
computed as a sequential converter. It has own USB boot Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) is
loader for users reprogram and it support libraries and wireless the more extensively used wireless technology for mobile
with Wixel shield for embedded electronics. phones all over the world. In this design, GSM SIM900A
module is used to send the report to the user mobile in the
form of SMS using AT commands.

Fig.1. Arduino UNO Board

Spark Fun Inventor’s Kit embraces an Arduino Uno

onward with the combination of ingredients (e.g. breadboard,
jumper wires, sensors and LED’s) that construct it feasible to
make a number of initiatory designs. “Fig. 1,” shows the Fig 2. Block diagram of Toxic Environment monitoring module
Arduino Uno Board.

“Fig. 2,” portrays the design of the prospective

2. Sensors harmful gases penetrating module. The harmful gases
monitoring system includes various sensors to measure
a) Carbon Monoxide (CO2) Sensor: parameters like temperature, carbon monoxide, hydrogen
Carbon Monoxide Sensor (MQ7) is a sensor that is sulphide, methane, liquid petroleum gas, ammonia and
sensitive to effects of CO. CO is a very dangerous gas which flammable gas. If the parameter level exceeds the threshold
is odourless, colourless, and tasteless, so it cannot be smelt, value the system will alert users through the messenger using
seen, or tasted. CO is measured in parts per million (ppm). GSM.
The average level in homes is 0.5-5ppm. B. Software design
Embedded ‘C’ language is more predominantly
b) Hydrogen (H) sensor: device used to the code for interfacing all sensors and modules
to Arduino board. The Arduino Integrated Development
A Hydrogen sensor is used to detect a level of Environment (IDE) tool is prone to debug the developed
hydrogen gas in pollutant environment.

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program. The Arduino community calls a program as sketch. These parameters are checked with the threshold
The Arduino IDE lets you to write sketches that provide values and necessary action is taken by the microcontroller as
instructions telling the Arduino board what to do and how to indicated in the flowchart. When the parameter level overfeeds
do it. the threshold range SMS will be send to the people via the
mobile phone using GSM. The circuit diagram of “Fig. 4,”
shows the various operations in the poisonous atmosphere
monitoring system.

IV. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

The hardware implementation of toxic environment
monitoring design is shown in “Fig. 5,”

Fig 3. Flow chart

The flowchart of “Fig. 3,” shows the various

operations in the toxic environment supervising design. The
operation begins connect the required sensors to Fig 5. Hardware implementation
microcontroller. Processing the sensors data using
Microcontroller and Embedded C. The Microcontroller Some of the toxic places monitored in this paper.
translates the measured sensor outputs into the desired “Fig. 6,”shows the output of normal environment viewed
parameters such as CO, H, CH4, Flammable gas. using Arduino IDE software.

Fig 4. Circuit diagram Fig. 6.Result of Normal environment

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“Fig. 7,” shows the sewage place. The result of “Fig. 9,” shows the drainage place. The result of
sewage place is shown in “Fig. 8,” drainage place is shown in “Fig. 10,”

Fig. 7. Sewage place

Fig 9. Drainage place

Fig. 10. Result of drainage place

Fig. 8. Result of sewage place

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“Fig. 11,” shows the food wastage place. The result TABLE I. Comparison of toxic gases results from different environment
of food wastage place is shown in “Fig. 12,”

Comparison the results between normal and hazardous environment

Name of the Result of normal Result of Threshold level (in
toxic gases environment (in hazardous ppm)
ppm) environment
(food wastage
place, sewage
place) (in ppm)

Carbon 369 600 1600

monoxide
Methane 57 175 100000
Hydrogen 150 300 1000
LPG gas 60 200 1000
Flammable 190 300 100000
gas

Table I. shows the comparison of the toxic gases

results from normal environment and hazardous environment
and predefined the threshold value.
If any sensor value exceeds the threshold value the
mobile will alert the user using GSM
Fig 11. Food wastage place

V. CONCLUSION
The proposed system is efficient to observe various
parameters like Carbon monoxide, Hydrogen, Methane and
Flammable gases in hazardous environment using sensors
based on ATmega328p microcontroller for safety applications.
Venomous gas monitoring for various aspects of atmosphere
were conducted using GSM. The toxic gases were monitored
in sewage places, drainage places and food wastage places.
Each and every toxic gas has a threshold value. The parameter
level exceeds the threshold value the mobile will alert the user
through GSM. The discovering and observing of poisonous
gases are taken for alert the user. In future work, Wireless
transmitting devices can be added to this system for transfer
data to cloud server based on IOT.

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