Timber Roof
ROOF - Uppermost part of the
building where covering is provided.
Roof covering – keep out the
building from rain, snow, sun, wind
etc.
•Protect the building from adverse
effects of those elements.
12/15/2022 yt 1
Roof Coverings
•Supported by structural elements .
•Must have adequate strength and
stability to carry super imposed load.
Super imposed load – dead load
- live load
- wind load
12/15/2022 yt 2
Requirements of Good Roof
•Must have adequate strength and
stability to carry super imposed load.
Super imposed load- dead load
- live load
- wind load
•Should be durable against the adverse
effects of rain, sun, wind etc.
•Should have proper drainage provision.
•Should be water proof.
•Fire resistance property.
•Should provide thermal insulation, sound
insulation etc.
12/15/2022 yt 3
Classification of roof
Three categorized.
•Pitched Roof
•Flat Roof
•Curved Roof.
Depends upon
• the shape of the building
• Climate
• Available local material
• Individual choice
12/15/2022 yt 4
1. Pitched Roof
• Suitable for coastal region.
• Simple shape, limited width.
2. Flat Roof
• Suitable for plain or hot region.
• Scanty rain fall, no snow fall.
• All shape and sizes
3. Curved Roof
• To give an architectural effects.
• Public building like library, theatre,
recreation center etc.
12/15/2022 yt 5
Pitched Roof
Materials: Timber , Steel.
Main components:
Rafter, purlin, strut, tie.
Satisfactory slope 1:3
Steeper slope 1: 1½
1:1
Angle 10⁰-70⁰
12/15/2022 yt 6
Technical terms of Pitched Roof
•Rafter
•Ridge
•Wall Plate
•Hip
•Valley
•Eaves
•Verge
•Gable wall
•Hipped end
12/15/2022 yt 7
Basic Forms of Pitched Roof
Hip Roof
Deck Roof
12/15/2022 yt 8
Types of Pitched Roof
1. Single Roof
2. Double Roof
3. Triple Roof
12/15/2022 yt 9
1. Single Roof
few types
i. Lean to roof
ii. Couple Roof
iii. Couple close Roof
iv. Collar beam Roof
v. Scissors Roof
12/15/2022 yt 10
i. Lean – to – Roof
(max.2.5 m)
Components:
• Rafter 50x100 @ 450 c/c
• Corbel (steel or Stone)
• String course
• Wall plate 100x75
• Iron knee strap
• Fascia or eave board
• Battens
• Roof coverings
12/15/2022 yt 11
ii. Couple Roof
( Span up to 3.6 m)
•Consists of pair of Rafter.
•Rafter 50x100 @ 450 c/c
•Ridge piece ( 38x150)
•Wall plate ( 100x75)
•Battens 50x25 @150 c/c
•Roof coverings
12/15/2022 yt 12
Contd……Couple Roof
•Not favored roof
•Tendency to spread out at
the wall plate level and
thrust out the walls
supporting the wall plates.
12/15/2022 yt 13
iii. Couple Close Roof ( Suitable span 4.2 m)
•Consists of pair of Rafter.
•Rafter 50x100 @ 450 c/c
•Ridge piece ( 38x150)
•Wall plate ( 100x75)
*Increased span- more load
*Can not resist the thrust.
*Roof may collapse.
*Feet of Rafters are tied.
•Tie Beam 50x 100 @ 450c/c
•-prevents the rafter from
spreading and thrusting out
of the wall.
hold rafters in positions. yt
•12/15/2022 14
*If span more than 4.2 m and upto 4.8 m.
*Introduce extra member - king rod
*Prevents the tie beam from sagging
12/15/2022 yt 15
iv. Collar Roof ( Span up to 5 m.)
•Consists of pair of Rafter.
•Rafter 50x100 @ 450 c/c
•Ridge piece ( 38x150)
•Wall plate ( 100x75)
•Battens 50x25 @150 c/c
•Roof coverings.
*Increased span- greater load
Rafters –
*tendency to bend.
*Raised tie beam
12/15/2022 yt 16
v. Scissors Roof ( Span up to 5 m)
•Consists of pair of Rafter.
•Rafter 50x100 @ 450 c/c
•Ridge piece ( 38x150)
•Wall plate ( 100x75)
•Battens 50x25 @150 c/c
•Roof coverings.
Function similar to collar roof.
Increased span- greater load
Rafter – tendency to bend.
Raised tie beams crossing each
others.
12/15/2022 yt 17
Double Roof (span 5.5 m and upward)
Known as Purlin roof also.
Main elements
Rafter 50x100 @ 400-600 c/c
Purlin 75x225- intermediate
support to rafter.
More span – greater load
Add purlin to reduce the size of
Rafter.
12/15/2022 yt 18
Ends of purlin rest on wall.
Rafters
*at the bottom – notched and
nailed to the wall plate.
* at the top –nailed to the
ridge
* at the center –notched and
nailed over one pair of purlin
In all single Roof- add one or
more sets of purlin become
double roof.
12/15/2022 yt 19
Adding purlins in couple close roof- Purlin roof
*Hanger , runner - prevents tie beam from sagging.
*Hanger(32x50 or 38 x75)
nailed to purlin and tie beam @1200-1600 c/c
*Runner ( 50x 75; 50x 100) nailed to the ceiling joists and
hanger.
12/15/2022 yt 20
12/15/2022 yt 21
