4.

Logical cohesive devices

Definition Marker Example

1: And And 1. I enjoy reading novel books and I usually lose track of time when
connect two I get absorbed in a good story
sentences 2. The sun was shining brightly and people were racing against time
to be at work on time
2: Enumeration First, second....next, finally; to 1. In the meeting today, we encountered some obstacles that need
Listing begin with,to start with, for one to be resolved promptly to keep the process on track. To begin
thing.....for another; another with, we should consider one potential approach to boost the
thing,one final point. process
2. First, we need to gather all the ingredients for the recipe.
Second, preheat the oven to 180 degrees. Next, mix the dry
ingredients together. Finally, bake the mixture for 30 minutes.
3. Addition Also, too, furthermore, moreover, 1. Linda is an experienced manager, and her leadership skills have
Additive then, in addition, above all, and been proven in several successful projects. Furthermore, she has
conjunct what is more; neither, nor, and received numerous awards for her achievements.
either, equally, likewise, similarly 2. She not only completed the project ahead of schedule but, what
and in the same way is more, she also improved the overall quality of the work.
4.Transition Now, with reference to, with 1. I was talking to Jane about the homework, and, incidentally, she
Sequence respect to, with regard to, mentioned that she will be on vacation next week.
incidentally , by the way 2. I wanted to ask you about the project deadline. By the way, have
you seen the latest updates on the company website?
5.Summation Then, all in all, in conclusion, to 1. The project faced several challenges, including tight deadlines
Sum up sum up, in a nutshell and limited resources. All in all, it was a success and met all our key
objectives
2. We spent the afternoon discussing our family vacation plans,
considering different destinations and activities. To sum up, we
decided to go to the beach for a week and rent a house where we
can all relax and enjoy together.
6.Apposition Namely, in other words, for 1.The new policy aims to reduce the company's carbon footprint by
Refer back example, for instance, that is, that implementing more sustainable practices. Another way of putting
is to say, another way of putting it it is that the company wants to become more environmentally
is or an example would be friendly and cut down on pollution
2.The company needs to cut costs in order to improve its financial
stability. In other words, they have to find ways to reduce
expenses and increase profitability
7. Result Hence, so, therefore, thus, as a 1. My best friend and I are going on vacation to Thailan so we made
Consequence result, consequently use of our free time to visit places that we have never seen before.
2. She studied hard for the exam and practiced regularly. As a
result, she scored the highest marks in her class
8. Inference Else, otherwise, then, in other 1. You need to submit the report by Friday; otherwise, it will be too
Implicit words, in that case. late to make the necessary changes before the meeting
2. Thao isn't coming to the lesson today. In that case, she will be
absent due to the heavy rain.
9.Reformulation Better, rather, in other words, 1. She tried several recipes for the dinner party, and better she
or replacement again chose the simplest one, as it turned out to be the most popular
Same thing among the guests
2.We could spend our vacation exploring the city, or we could relax
 on the beach; again, the beach seems like the more appealing
option.
10.Contrast Instead, then, on the contrary, 1. Most people find city life exciting and full of opportunities; on
Antithetic in/by contrast, by comparison, on the contrary, some prefer the peace and quiet of the countryside
conjuncts the other way 2. Living in a small town can be limiting in terms of entertainment
options; by comparison, a big city offers a wider range of activities
11. Concession Anyhow, anyway, besides, else, 1. She knew it was risky to start a new business during the
Unexpected, however, nevertheless, still, economic downturn; all the same, she went ahead and followed
surprise nature though, yet, in any case, at any her passion.
rate, in spite of that, after all, on 2. She has a busy schedule at work, besides, she needs to take care
the other hand, all the same, of her children after work
actually, admittedly, certainly,
really.
12 comparison More, as, less, least 1. He spends more time with his family now, less focused on work
Adjectives and after realizing the importance of a work-life balance
adverbs 2. She could have taken a higher-paying job in the city, but instead
she chose a position with less stress in a smaller town