SCANTLING CALCULATION

Particulars:
Frame spacing, a = 0.5 m
Web frame spacing, e = 1.5 m
Length of ship, L = 65 m
Breadth of ship, B = 10 m
Draft, T = 3.5 m
Height, H =5m
Block co-efficient, Cb = 0.75
Speed, Vs = 11 knot

By Using the GL Rule book Scantling Calculation is given below:

1) Bottom Shell plating: - (Chapter-1; section-6; paragraph –B.1; page-6-2)

The thickness tB of the bottom shell plating is not to be less than determined by the following
formulae:
For ships without proven longitudinal strength:
tB = tB1 [within 0.4 L amidships]
tB = max[tB1 ; tB2 ] [within 0.1 L forward of the aft end of the length L and within 0.05 L aft of
F.P.]

tB1 = 1.9 ∙ nf ∙ a ∙ √ PB ∙ K + tK [mm]

tB2 = 1.21 ∙ a ∙ √ PB ∙ K + tK [mm]

Where,
nf = factor to take the framing system into account, defined as

nf = 1.00 [for transverse framing]

nf = 0.83 [for longitudinal framing]

a = frame spacing = 0.5 m

PB = Load on bottom
= 10∙T + P0 ∙ CF [ KN / m2]
= 10 × 3.5 + 17.34× 1
= 52.34 KN / m2
Where,
T = Draft
P0 = Basic External dynamic load [KN / m2] for wave directions with or against the ship’s
heading’s:

P0 = 2.1∙ (CB + 0.7) ∙ C0 ∙ CL ∙ f

= 2.1 × (0.75 + 0.7) × 6.7 × 0.85 × 1
= 17.34 KN / m2
CB = block co-efficient [from principle particulars]
C0 = wave co-efficient

L
C0 = [ 25 +4.1] ∙ CRW [for L < 90 m]
65
= [ 25 + 4.1]∙ 1
= 6.7

300−L
C0 = [ 10.75 – ( 100 ¿ 1.5 ]∙ CRW [for 90 ≤ L ≤ 300 m]

C0 = 10.75∙ CRW [for L > 300 m]

Where,
L = length between perpendiculars
CRW = Service range co-efficient

CRW = 1.00 for unlimited service range

CL = length co-efficient
=
√ L
90
for L < 90 m

=
√
= 0.85
65
90

CL = 1.0 for L ≥ 90 m
f = probability factor
Defined as,
f = 1.00 for plate panels of the outer hull (shell plating, weather decks)
f = 0.75 for secondary stiffening members of the outer hull (frames, deck beams), but not less
than fQ
[ fQ is a function of the design lifetime. For a lifetime of n > 20 years, f Q may be determined by
the following formula for a straight-line spectrum of seaway-induced stress ranges:
−5
2× 10
fQ = - 0.125 log ( )]
n

f = 0.60 for girders and girder systems of the outer hull (web frames. stringers, grillage
systems), but not less than fQ / 1.25

CF = Distribution factor
= 1.00

K = Material factor

K=1 for ReH = 235 N/mm2

tK = Corrosion addition
= 1.5 mm for t` ≤ 10 mm
1.5∙ t
= for t` > 10 mm
√K
where, t`= required rule thickness excluding tK [mm]

Therefore,
tB1 = 1.9 ∙ nf ∙ a ∙ √ PB ∙ K + tK
= 1.9 × 1 × 0.5 × √ 52.34 ×1 + 1.5
= 8.37 mm
And,
tB2 = 1.21 ∙ a ∙ √ PB ∙ K + tK
= 1.21 × 0.5 × √ 52.34 ×1 + 1.5
= 5.87 mm

Therefore, we take the thickness of bottom plate as 9 mm.

2) Flat keel plating: - (Chapter-1; section-6; paragraph –B.4.1; page-6-4)

The thickness tFK of the flat plate keel is not to be less than be determined by the following
formulae:

tFK = tB + 2.0 [within 0.7 L amidships and in way of the engine seating]
=9+2
= 11 mm

Therefore, we take the thickness of flat keel plate as 11 mm.

3) Bilge plating: (Chapter-1; section-6; paragraph –B.4.1; page-6-4)

4)

Bilge plating is considered to be same as flat keel plating.

Therefore, we take the thickness of Bilge plating as 11 mm.

5) 4) Side shell plating: (Chapter-1; section-6; paragraph –C.1; page-6-4)

For ships without proven longitudinal strength:

t s=t s 1 Within 0.4 L amidships
t s=max [ t s 1 ; t s 2 ] Within 0.1 L forward of the aft end of the length L and within 0.05L aft of F.P

t s 1=1.9 . nf . a √ Ps . k +t k [ mm ]

t s 2=1.21 . a √ P s . k + t k [ mm ]
6) Where Ps = loads on Ship’s sides (Chapter-1; section-6; paragraph –C.1; page-6-5)

For elements having the load center located above the load waterline:
20 2
Ps =Po . c f . kN /mm
10+ z−T
20
¿ 17.34 ×1 ×
10+ 4−3.5

= 33.03 KN/mm^2 [for wave directions with or against the ship’s heading]
Where,
Z = vertical distance (m) between load center of element and base line
=4m
So,
t s 1=1.9 . nf . a √ Ps . k +t k [ mm ]

¿ 1.9 ×1 ×0.5 × √ 33.03 ×1+1.5

¿ 7.001 mm

t s 2=1.21 . a √ P s . k + t k [ mm ]

¿ 1.21 ×0.5 × √ 33.03 ×1+1.5

¿ 4.97 mm

Therefore, we take the thickness of Side Shell plating as 8 mm.

Thickness of Double bottom plating : (Chapter-1; section-8; paragraph –C.4.1; page-8-
6) The thickness of inner bottom plating should not be less than
t IB =1.1× a × √ p ×k + t K

(In this case p= p s)

t IB =1.1× 0.5 × √ 33.03 ×1+1.5

¿ 4.66 mm

So we take the thickness of Double bottom plating as 5 mm.

5) Shear strake: (Chapter-1; section-6; paragraph –C.3.1; page-6-5)

The width b of the sheer strake is not to be less than determined by the following formula:
b = 800 + 5 ∙ L [mm] [ with b ≤ bmax ]
= 800 + 5 x 67
= 1135mm

bmax = maximum width of the sheer stake [mm]

= 1140
So, the thickness t of the sheer strake is, in general, not to be less than determined by the
following Formula:

t=0.5 . ( t D +t s ) [ mm ] with t ≥t s

Where,
tD = required thickness of strength deck = 7 mm
ts = required thickness of side shell = 8 mm

t = 0.5 x (7+8) = 7.5 mm

Therefore, we take the thickness of shear strake as 9 mm.

6) Mainframe spacing: (Chapter-1; section-9; paragraph –B.2; page-9-2)

mk 3=1.0− ( l ku
l
l
)
+0.4 × ko [ withmk 3 ≥ 0.6 ]
l

lku, lko = Length of lower/ upper bracket connection of main frames within the length l (m) (=
unsupported span)
Here we assume l ku =0.5 m ,l ko =0. .5 m, l=(4.6-0.8-(2*0.5))

=2.8
So,

m k 3=1.0− ( 0.5
2.8
+0.4 ×
2.8 )
0.5
[ withm k3 ≥ 0.6 ]

¿ 0.936
Section modulus: - (Chapter-1; section-9; paragraph –B.2.1.1; page-9-2)

The section modulus WR of the main frames including end attachments are not to be less than

WR = n⋅mk3 ⋅ (1−m2a) mc ∙ a ⋅l2 ⋅p⋅k

determined by the following formulae:

Where,
mc = 1
mk3 = 0.936
n = factor, defined as
= 0.9−0.0035 L [for L¿ 100 m]
=0.6725
ma = Factor to take the load distribution into account

[ ( )]
2
a a a
= 0.204 × l × 4 – l [with l ≤ 1 ]

[ ( )]
2
0.5 0.5
= 0.204 × 2.8 × 4 – 2.8

= 0.612
l = Unsupported span [m] = 0.5 m
p = ps = 33.03KN / m2
Therefore,
WR = n⋅mk3 ⋅ (1−m2a) mc ∙ a ⋅l2 ⋅p⋅k
= 0.6725 × 0.936× {1−( 0.612 )2 } ×1 ×0.5 ×.5 ×33.03 × 1
= 2.03

Therefore, the dimension of Ordinary frame L Sec is – 20x20x4 mm.

7) Web – frame: (Chapter-1; section-9; paragraph –B.5.3.1; page-9-5)
Where web frames and supporting stringers are fitted instead of tiers of beams,
their section modulus W to be determined by the following formulae:
W = 0.55 × e × l2 × p × nc × K [cm3]

where,

l = unsupported span [m], without consideration of cross ties, if any

= 1.5
l1 = Similar to l , however, considering cross ties, if any = 1.5
p = Design pressure = ps = 33.03 KN / m2
nc = co-efficient according to the following Table = 1

Table of reduction co-efficient , nc

Number of cross ties nc
0 1.0
1 0.5
3 0.3
≥3 0.2

Therefore,
Section modulus is,
W = 0.55 × e × l2 × p × nc × K [cm3]
W = 0.55 × 1.5 × (1.5)2 × 33.03× 1 × 1 [cm3]
= 330.34268.19 cm3

Therefore, the dimension of web frame I-sec is 800x10 mm.

8) Dimension of side stringer: - We take the dimension of side stringer same as that of the
web frame.
Therefore, the dimension of side stringer is I-sec is 800x10 mm.
.

9) Dimension of deck beam: (Chapter-1; section-9; paragraph –B.1.1; page-10-2)

The section modulus Wd and of transverse deck beams and of deck longitudinals contributing to
the longitudinal strength are to be not less than determined by the following formulae
Wd = c × (mk12 –ma2 )×a× l2 × p× k [cm3]

mk1 = factor to take a shortened unsupported span into account

−l KI + l KJ
= 1 3 (Reference)
10 × l

Here,
lKI,lKJ = Effective supporting length [mm] due to heel stiffeners and brackets at frame I
and J
1
= min [ hs + 0.3×hb + c ; Ib+hs]
1

Here,
c1 = Co-efficient [1/mm] defined as
= 0 for I b ≤ 0.3 hb
hs = Height of the heel stiffener [mm] = 0.25 mm
lb , hb = Dimensions of the brackets [mm]
hb = 0.25 mm
lb = [c= 19.6 + 0.3 × 0.25¿ (According to fig)
= 1.47mm
C = 0.75 [for beams, girders and transverses which are simply supported at one or
both ends]
ma = 0.119
 1
lKI = min [ hs + 0.3×hb + c ]
1

= min [0.20 + 0.3×0.25 + 0 ]

= min 0.325 mm
lKJ = l b + hs
= 1.47+ 0.25
= 1.72 mm

Now ,
−l KI + l KJ
mk1 = 1 3
10 × l
−0.275+1.37
= 1 3
1 0 × 2.3

= 0.99591
P = PD = Load on weather deck
20 ×T
= P0 × (10+ z−T )H × CD [ KN / m2 ]

20 ×3.5
= 17.34 × ( 10+4−3.5 ) 5 × 1 [ KN / m2 ]

= 37.34 [ KN / m2 ]
Here ,
CD = Distribution factor according to table 4.1 in sec 4 page 64 = 1.0 for midship

So ,
Wd = c × (mk12 –ma2) ×a× l2 × p× k
= 0.75 × {(0.99591)2 – (0.612)2}×0.5 × (.5)2 × 37.34 × 1
= 2.16 cm3

Therefore, the dimension of deck web frame L-sec is 20×20×4 mm.

10) Dimension of deck girder: - (Reference)
The section modulus of deck girder should not be less than

WDG = c × e × p× l2× k Here,

P = PD = 37.34 KN/m2
So,
WDG = c × e × p× l2× k
WDG = 0.75 × 1.5 ×37.34 × (2)2× 1
= 168.06 cm3

Hence the dimension of the deck girder T-section is 120×120×10 mm.

11) Dimension of deck plate: -

Thickness of deck plate: (Chapter-1; section-7; paragraph –C.2.1; page-7-7)

a.
The plate thickness t is determined by the following formula –
tD = 1.1×a× √ p L ×k + tK
Where, a=0.5m
Acceleration addition ,av = F× m
And,
v0
F = Co-efficient = F = 0.11
√L
 pL = load on cargo deck = pL = pc ×( 1 + av )

And,
Static load on cargo pc = 7× h = 7× 4.6 = 32.2 [ KN / m2 ]
Here, V0 = Velocity of the ship = 11 knot
So,
11
F = 0.11 = 0.1478
√67

Now,
av = F× m
= 0.1478 x 1.0
= 0.1478

And, pL = pc ×( 1 + av)
= 32.2 x (1 +0.1478)
= 36.959 [ KN / m2]
So, tD = 1.1×a× √ p L ×k + tK
= 1.1 ×0.5 × √36.959 ×1+1.5
= 4.844 mm = 5 mm

We can take Thickness of deck plate as 5 mm.

12) Dimensions of longitudinal: (Chapter-1; section-9; paragraph –C.3.2; page-9-8)

a. Deck longitudinal: - Section modulus WL of longitudinal and longitudinal beams of strength

deck is determined by the following formulae: -
83 2
mk 1
Wl = σ ❑ × ( mk1 −ma ) × a× l2× p
2 2
[cm3 ] {With( m2k1−m2a ) ≥ }
p r 2

Where,
σ p = permissible local stress [KN/mm2] , defined as :
r

150
= σ perm−¿|σ L| { With σ p ≤ k }
r

Here,
σL = design longitudinal hull girder bending stress
σ perm= total permissible stress [N/mm2]

L 230 230
σ perm = (0.8 + ¿× { With σ perm ≤ k }
450 k
65 230
σ perm = (0.8 + ¿×
450 1

= 217.24 KN/mm2
So ,
σp r = 218.244 - |175| = 42.24 KN/mm2
Therefore,
83
× ( mk 1−ma ) × a× l2× p
2 2
W DL = ( P=PD)
σ ❑p r

83
= 43.244 × {(0.99591) −( 0.612) } × 0.5× (.5)2× 37.34
2 2

= 5.66 cm3

Hence the dimension of the Deck longitudinal is 30×30×5 mm.

b. Bottom longitudinal: - The section modulus of bottom longitudinal should not be less than
 83.3
WBL = σ ❑ × ( mk1 −ma ) × a× l2× p
2 2
(P=PB)
p r

83.3
WBL ¿ 43.244 × {(0.99591) −(0.612) } × 0.5× (.5)2× 53.185
2 2

= 8.095 cm3

Hence the dimension of the bottom longitudinal is 30×30×5 mm.

13) Centre girder: : (Chapter-1; section-8; paragraph –C.2.1; page-8-4)

The web thickness tw and the sectional area Af of the face plate within 0.7L amidships are not to
be less than determined by the following formulae
tw = 0.07× L + 5.5 [mm]
= 0.07 x 67+ 5.5
= 10.19 mm
Af = 0.07× L + 12 [cm2]
= 0.07 x 67+ 12
= 16.69 cm2

Scantlings: : (Chapter-1; section-9; paragraph –C.2.2.; page-9-8)

The depth h of the centre girder is not to be less than determined by the following formula: h =
350 + 45 ∙ l [mm]
hmin : minimum depth [mm] defined as;
hmin = 600
l : unsupported span [m] of the floor plates, defined as:
 l = B in general
l = 0.8∙ B in case of longitudinal side bulkheads, the distance between the bulkheads can
be used as unsupported span
l = B' in case of double bottoms with hopper tanks (e.g. on bulk carriers) the fictitious
breadth B' can be used as unsupported span
However, l ≥ 0.8 ∙ B
so, h = 350 + 45 × 0.8 × 12.1[mm]
h = 785.6 mm
The thickness tm of the centre girder is not to be less than determined by the following formulae:
[chapter-1; section-8; paragraph- C.2.2.2; page: 147]

t m= ( h h
ha 100 ) √ k [mm] ; for h ≤ 1200 mm
+1.0

t = ( +3.0 ) √ k [mm] ; for h > 1200 mm

h h
m
h 120a

However, tm ≥ t
h : depth of the centre girder according to C.2.2.1
ha : depth [mm] of centre girder as built
t : plate thickness of the longitudinal girders

so, t m= (
h h
ha 100
+1.0 )√k
t m= (
785.6 785.6
800 100
+1.0 ) √ 1 mm [h is taken as 1000 mm]
a

tm = 8.696 mm
width of centre girder = 10 × tm
= 10 × 8.696 mm
= 86.96 mm

Hence the dimension of the center girder is 800x10 mm.

Thickness of bulkhead plating : (Chapter-1; section-9; paragraph –C.2.2.; page-9-8)

Here c p=0.9 √ f for bulkheads
235
Here, f = Reh

235
= 235 = 1

So,c p=0.9

Spacing of stiffeners, a=1m

Here, h = distance from the load center of the structure to a point 1 m above the bulkhead deck
at the ship's side, for the collision bulkhead to a point 1 m above the upper edge of the collision
bulkhead at the ship's side.

h = 2.75m

So, p=9.81× h
¿ 9.81 ×2.75

¿ 26.978
The thickness of bulkhead plating should not be less than
t BK =c p × a × √ p+t K

¿ 0.9 ×1.5 × √ 26.978+ t K

¿ 9.511mm

So we take the thickness of bulkhead as , t BK =10 mm.

.
 Serial
Items Thickness Dimension
Number
01 Thickness of Bottom plating 9 mm

02 Thickness of Flat keel plate 11 mm

03 Thickness of bilge plating 11 mm

04 Thickness of Side Shell plating 8 mm

05 Shear Strake 9 mm

06 Dimension of Ord. frame L-sec 20X20X4

07 Dimension of Web-frame I-sec 800X10

08 Dimension of Side Stringer I-sec 800X10

09 Dimension of deck beam L-sec 20X20X4

10 Dimension of deck girder T-section 120×120×10

11 Dimension of deck web L-section 110×110×9

12 Thickness of Deck plate 5 mm

13 Dimension of Deck longitudinal L-sec 30X30X5

14 Dimension of Bottom L-sec 30X30X5

longitudinal
15 Dimension of Inner Bottom L-sec 30X30X5
longitudinal
16 Centre Girder I-sec 800X10