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Hw2

The document outlines a series of exercises related to differential equations, including verifying solutions, finding particular solutions, and determining linear independence of functions. It covers various types of equations and methods such as the Wronskian and Abel's Theorem. Additionally, it includes initial value problems and reduction of order techniques.

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12 views3 pages

Hw2

The document outlines a series of exercises related to differential equations, including verifying solutions, finding particular solutions, and determining linear independence of functions. It covers various types of equations and methods such as the Wronskian and Abel's Theorem. Additionally, it includes initial value problems and reduction of order techniques.

Uploaded by

Рза Пашалы
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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UFAZ - French AZerbaijani University

Homework 2

Exercise 1. Verify that the functions y1 = ex and y2 = e2x are solutions of the dierential equation

y ′′ − 3y ′ + 2y = 0.
Then nd a particular solution of the form

y = c1 y1 + c2 y2

that satises the initial conditions y(0) = 1, y ′ (0) = 0.

Exercise 2. (The following problem illustrates the fact that the superposition principle does not generally
hold for nonlinear equations).
Show that y = x3 is a solution of
y · y ′′ = 6x4 ,
but that if C 2 ̸= 1, then y = Cx3 is not a solution.

Exercise 3. Determine whether the pair of functions

f (x) = sin2 x and g(x) = 1 − cos 2x


is linearly independent or linearly dependent on the real line.

Exercise 4. Verify that yp = 1 is a particular solution of the nonhomogeneous equation

y ′′ + y = 1.
Show that yc = c1 cos x + c2 sin x is the general solution of the associated homogeneous equation

y ′′ + y = 0.

Prove that y = yc + yp is a solution of the given nonhomogeneous equation.


Find a solution of the initial value problem

y ′′ + y = 1, y(0) = −1 = y ′ (0).

Exercise 5. Find the general solution of the dierential equation

y ′′ + 2y ′ − 15y = 0.

Exercise 6. Find the general solution of the dierential equation

2y ′′ + 3y ′ = 0.

Exercise 7. Find the general solution of the dierential equation

9y ′′ − 12y ′ + 4y = 0.
Exercise 8. Show that y1 (t) = t1/2 and y2 (t) = t−1 form a fundamental set of solutions of

2t2 y ′′ + 3ty ′ − y = 0, t > 0.

Exercise 9 (Abel's Theorem). Let y1 and y2 be solutions of the second-order linear dierential equation

y ′′ + p(t)y ′ + q(t)y = 0,
where p and q are continuous on an open interval I . Show that the Wronskian W [y1 , y2 ](t) is given by
 Z 
W [y1 , y2 ](t) = C exp − p(t) dt ,

where C is a constant that depends on y1 and y2 , but not on t.


Further, W [y1 , y2 ](t) either is zero for all t in I (if c = 0) or else is never zero in I (if c ̸= 0).

Exercise 10. We know that y1 (t) = t1/2 and y2 (t) = t−1 are solutions of the equation

2t2 y ′′ + 3ty ′ − y = 0, t > 0.


Verify that the Wronskian of y1 and y2 is given by Abel's formula.

Exercise 11. Find the solution of the initial value problem

16y ′′ − 8y ′ + 145y = 0, y(0) = −2, y ′ (0) = 1.

Exercise 12 (Reduction of order). Given that y1 (t) = t−1 is a solution of

2t2 y ′′ + 3ty ′ − y = 0, t > 0,


nd a fundamental set of solutions.

Exercise 13. Find a particular solution of the dierential equation

y ′′ − 3y ′ − 4y = 3e2t .

Exercise 14. Find a particular solution of the dierential equation

y ′′ − 3y ′ − 4y = 2 sin t.

Exercise 15. Find a particular solution of the dierential equation

y ′′ − 3y ′ − 4y = −8et cos(2t).

Exercise 16. Find a particular solution of the dierential equation

y ′′ − 3y ′ − 4y = 3e2t + 2 sin t − 8et cos(2t).

Exercise 17. Find the particular solution of the dierential equation

y (4) + y ′′′ − 7y ′′ − y ′ + 6y = 0.
Also nd the solution that satises the initial conditions

y(0) = 1, y ′ (0) = 9, y ′′ (0) = −2, y ′′′ (0) = −1.

Exercise 18. Find the particular solution of the dierential equation

y (4) − y = 0.
Also nd the solution that satises the initial conditions
7 5
y(0) = , y ′ (0) = −4, y ′′ (0) = , y ′′′ (0) = −2.
2 2

Exercise 19. Find the particular solution of the dierential equation

y (4) + y = 0.

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