EXILE IN DAPITAN, 1892-96

Presenter:
Abad, Gary
Alvarez, Aldrin James
Castillo, Cris Nathaniel
Hailar, Cristian Arjay

BEGINNING OF EXILE IN DAPITAN

 July 17, 1892 -The ferry boat "Cebu" arrived in Dapitan.
 Rizal carried a letter from the Superior of the Jesuit Society of the Philippines, Father
Pablo Pastells. The said letter is to be given to the Jesuit Parish Priest in Dapitan, Father
Antonio Obach.
 In the letter, the superior said that Rizal could stay and live in the parish, BUT there are
conditions provided:
1. That Rizal publicly retract his errors concerning religion, and make statements that
were clearly pro-Spanish and against revolution.
2. That he perform the church rites and make a general confession of his past life.
3. That henceforth he conduct himself in an exemplary manner as a Spanish subject and a
man of religion.
 Rizal did not agree with these conditions, therefore, Rizal decided to stay at the place of
Captain Ricardo Carnicero.
 Captain Carnicero who is the warden that assigned to look after Rizal became good
friends.
 Jose Rizal decided to stay to stay at the house of Ricardo Carnicero where he was told to
oversee his activities daily. He ordered his people to closely observe Rizal.
 Rizal was given freedom to go anywhere and even permitted to cultivate the land near the
plaza.
 At least once a week, Rizal is reporting to the captain.
 The captain was delighted with Rizal's fine personality and quality as a person.
 Rizal also admired the kind and generous Spanish Captain. He wrote a poem for
Carnicero entitled “A Don Ricardo Carniceo”, on August 26, 1892- captain’s birthday

WINS IN MANILA LOTTERY

 September 21,1892 - Rizal won in Manila Lottery.
 Informant of the said event used the mail boat "Butuan" to reach Dapitan.
 Lottery Ticket number 9736 won second prize amounting Twenty Thousand Pesos.
 The lottery Ticket which was not owned by Rizal because it was jointly owned by
him, Captain Carnicero and Franciso Equilior, a Spanish resident of Dipolog.
 o Php 20,000 was divided to the 3 of them, so Php 6,200 was the amount given
to each of them in which Rizal used to:
o Gave the amount of Php 2,000 to his father who was still in Hong Kong.
o Gave the amount of Php 200 to his friend Basa, who was based in Hong Kong.
o The rest he invested thru purchasing a piece of land in Talisay to build his tree
houses, one square type made of bamboo, another hexagonal type made of
wood and the last was octagonal shape made of nipa.

RIZAL-PASTELLS DEBATE ON RELIGION

 The Rizal-Pastells debate was a significant intellectual and theological exchange between
José Rizal and Fr. Pablo Pastells, a Spanish Jesuit priest. Their debate centered around
issues of religion, specifically Christianity and faith, in relation to rationalism and
philosophy. The debate took place through a series of letters exchanged while Rizal was
in exile in Dapitan, during the late years of his life.
 In spite of their religious differences, Rizal and Pastells remained good friends. Father
Pastells gave Rizal a copy of the Imitación de Cristo (Imitation of Christ), a famous
Catholic book by Father Thomas a Kempis. And Rizal, in grateful reciprocation, gave his
Jesuit opponent in debate a bust of St. Paul which he had made.

RIZAL CHALLENGES A FRENCHMAN TO A DUEL

 The incident in which José Rizal challenged a Frenchman named Juan Lardet to a
duel took place during his exile in Dapitan. Lardet was a French businessman who had
purchased lumber from Rizal. The conflict arose from a misunderstanding regarding the
quality of the lumber, which escalated into a matter of honor and eventually led to the
challenge.
 As a man of principle and honor, Rizal responded by challenging Lardet to a duel, which
was a common way for gentlemen at the time to settle personal disputes, especially those
involving insults to one’s reputation.

RIZAL AND FATHER SANCHEZ

 José Rizal's relationship with Father Francisco de Paula Sánchez during his exile in
Dapitan (1892–1896) was significant and marked by mutual respect. Father Sánchez was
a Spanish Jesuit priest and one of Rizal's former professors at the Ateneo Municipal de
Manila, where Rizal studied as a young man. Among the Jesuit educators, Sánchez was
known for his dedication to teaching and for being one of the most supportive figures in
Rizal's early academic life.
 Father Sánchez, who had a deep fondness for Rizal from his days at the Ateneo, was sent
to Dapitan with the hope of persuading Rizal to return to the Catholic faith and
abandon his criticisms of the Spanish friars and their practices in the Philippines.
 Despite his failure to persuade Rizal to discard his unorthodox views on the Catholic
religion, Father Sanchez enjoyed the latter's company. He assisted Rizal in beautifying the
 plaza. On his birthday, Rizal gave him a precious bi gift a manuscript entitled Estudios
sobre la lengua tagala (Studies on the Tagalog Language) a Tagalog grammar which Rizal
wrote and which he dedicated to his beloved former teacher

IDYLLIC LIFE IN DAPITAN

 Describing his life in Dapitan, Rizal wrote to Blumentritt on December 19, 1893
 I shall tell you how we live here. I have three houses: one square, another hexagonal, and
a third octagonal, all of bam- boo, wood, and nipa. In the square house we live, my
mother, sister Trinidad, a nephew and I; in the octagonal live my boys or some good
youngsters whom I teach arithmetic, Spanish and English; and in the hexagonal live
my chickens. From my house I hear the murmur of a crystal, clear brook which comes
from the high rocks; I see the seashore, the sea where I have small boats, two canoes or
barotos, as they say here. I have many fruit trees, mangoes, lanzones, guayabanos,
baluno, nanka, etc. I have rabbits, dogs, cats, etc. I rise early-at - visit my plants, feed the
chickens, awaken my people and put them in movement. At half-past seven we breakfast
with tea, pastries, cheese, sweatmeats, etc. Later I treat my poor patients who come to my
land; I dress, go to the town in my baroto, treat the people there, and return at 12, when
my luncheon awaits me. Then I teach the boys until 4 P.M. and devote the afternoon to
agriculture. I spend the night reading and studying.

RIZAL’S ENCOUNTER WITH THE FRIARS SPY

 A spy with the assumed name “Pablo Mercado” (Florencio Namanan) and posing as
relative, secretly visited Rizal at his house on the night of November 3, 1893.
 Hired to spy on Rizal’s activities and to filch certain letters and writings of Rizal which
might incriminate him in the revolutionary movement

RIZAL AS A TEACHER
 Rizal established in Dapitan a school. It began with 3 pupils who increased to 16 and
eventually 21.
 He didn't ask the students for payment but instead ask them to help in his projects, farms
and garden.
 He taught them Spanish, English, Mathematics and how to work.
 His class started after lunch until 4:00 in the afternoon
 In his letter to Blumentritt, he once said:
o "One can judge their enthusiasm for study when, even though they have to work
for me; they worked in order to study."
o "Hymn to Talisay." Rizal conducted his school at his home in Talisay, near
Dapitan, where he had his farm and hospital. His favorite rendezvous with his
boys was under a talisay tree, after which the place was named. In honor of
Talisay, he wrote a poem entitled "Himno A Talisay" for his pupils to sing:23
RIZAL AS A PHYSICIAN
He practiced medicine in Dapitan and gave the people free medicines.
 August 1893 - her mother, her sister Trinidad and his nephew Angelica arrived in
Dapitan. They Lived with him for almost one and a half year.
 He operated successfully the eyes of his mother.
 He had many patients not only in Dapitan but from the neighboring towns as well.
 There was a time when a wealthy Englishman went to his clinic and removed his
cataract where he was paid Php 500. The money he received was used to put up lamps
in their streets.
 When his mother left with Trinidad, his two sisters Maria and Narcisa together with
his nephews arrived in Dapitan.
 Unfortunately, his father could not travel to Dapitan because of his deteriorating
condition.

RIZAL AS A SCIENTIST
 Rizal found Mindanao as a rich virgin field for collecting Specimens. Together with
his students they explored on jungles and coasts to seek for some specimens which
will be sent to Europe and in return the European Scientist will send them Scientific
equipment.
 During his 4-year stay in Dapitan, he were able to build up a rich collection of
oncology which consists of 346 shells representing 203 species.
 He was able to discover rare species named after him. These were the:
1. flying dragon (DracoRizali)
2. Small beetle (Apogonia Rizali)
3. Rare frog (Rachophorous Rizali)

RIZAL AS A BUSINESSMAN
 Rizal engaged in the business industry in partnership with Ramon Carreon.
 The two made profitable business in fishing, copra, and hemp industries.
 Hemp Industry was Rizal's most profitable business, he mentioned it on his letter to
Blumentritt.

COMMUNITY PROJECTS FOR DAPITAN

 Water System for Dapitan (Rizal held the title of expert surveyor (perito agrimensor)
 Draining the marshes in order to get rid of malaria
 Lighting system
 Beautification of Dapitan – in front of the church is a huge relief map of Mindanao
ARTISTIC WORKS IN DAPITAN
 “The mother’s revenge”
 “The Dapitan Girl”-woodcarving of Josephine Bracken
 Bust of St. Paul and Father Guerrico

RIZAL AS A FARMER
 He bought 16 hectares of land in Talisay – where he built his home, school, and
hospital
 Planted cacao, coffee, sugarcane, coconut and fruit trees
 He acquired more lands until his total holdings reached 70 hectares, containing 6,00
hemp plants, 1,00 coconut tress and numerous fruit trees, sugarcane, corn, coffee, and
cacao

RIZAL’S INVENTIVE ABILITY

 Sulpukan (cigarete lighter) – a gift to Blumentritt
 Machine for making bricks that could manufacture 6,000 bricks per day

MY RETREAT (MI RETIRO)

 In February 1895, Dona Teodora with her eyesight fully restored, returned to manila
she requested Rizal to write a poem
 October 22, 1895, Rizal sent a beautiful poem about his serene life as an exile in
Dapitan

RIZAL AND JOSEPHINE BRACKEN

 Meeting: Josephine Bracken, an Irishwoman, arrived in Dapitan in 1895 to seek

medical treatment for her stepfather’s eye condition. Rizal treated him, and through
this, he met Josephine.
 Relationship: Rizal and Josephine developed a close relationship and eventually
became romantically involved. They lived together during Rizal’s exile in Dapitan.
 Unregistered Marriage: Although they were not officially married due to
opposition from the Catholic Church, they considered themselves husband and wife.
Josephine was Rizal’s common-law wife.
 Child: They had a child, Francisco, who was born in 1896 but unfortunately died
shortly after birth due to complications.
 Companionship: Josephine provided emotional support and companionship to Rizal
during his time in exile. She was a source of comfort for him despite the isolation
and hardships of exile.
 Support: Josephine was actively involved in Rizal’s daily life in Dapitan, assisting
him with his work and participating in his activities.
  Opposition: Their relationship faced challenges, including opposition from the
Church and authorities, which contributed to their complex and difficult situation.
 Legacy: Despite the challenges they faced, Josephine Bracken remained a
significant part of Rizal’s life, and their relationship reflects the personal sacrifices
and emotional dimensions of his time in exile.

THE SONG OF THE TRAVELER (EL CANTO DEL VIAJERO)

 Rizal received a news from Malacañang that at last, he was free and he was going to
travel to Europe and Cuba

ADIOS DAPITAN

 July 31, 1896 – Rizal’s four-year exile in Dapitan came to an end

 He embarked on board the steamer Espana accompanied by Josephine, Narcisa,
Angeliza (Narcisa’s daughter)
 Funeral March of Chopin – played as a farewell music
 August 6, 1896 – he arrived at the Manila Bay