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Tenses-1

The document provides an overview of English tenses, categorizing them into Present, Past, and Future, with further subdivisions like Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect, and Perfect Continuous. Each tense is explained with rules for affirmative, negative, interrogative, and double interrogative forms, along with examples in Hindi and English. It serves as a comprehensive guide for understanding and using various tenses in English grammar.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
95 views14 pages

Tenses-1

The document provides an overview of English tenses, categorizing them into Present, Past, and Future, with further subdivisions like Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect, and Perfect Continuous. Each tense is explained with rules for affirmative, negative, interrogative, and double interrogative forms, along with examples in Hindi and English. It serves as a comprehensive guide for understanding and using various tenses in English grammar.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TENSES

Tenses वे rule होते हैं जो हमें बताते हैं कि िोई भी िाम िो से समय में हुआ है और कितना हुआ है।

Types of Tense
• Present
• Past
• Future

They are further divided into:-

Present indefinite Past indefinite Future indefinite


Present continuous Past continuous Future continuous
Present prefect Past perfect Future perfect
Present perfect continuous Past perfect continuous Future perfect continuous

➢ Present indefinite – जब भी verb िी first form हो वो indefinite tense होता है Indefinite


tense िा इस्तेमाल हम अपनी आदतें , schedule, routine बताने िे ललए use िरते
हैं पहचान: - ता है , ती है , ते है आदद।

Affirmative rule: - Subject + Do/Does + verb- I + s, es + object

Examples – मैं whiteboard पर लिखता हूँ। I write on whiteboard.

तुम उसे जानते हो । you know him/her.

राहुि मेरे साथ रहता है । Rahul lives with me.

Negative rule: - Subject + Do/Does + not + verb-I + object

Examples - मै झठ नह ीं बोलता हूँ। I do not tell a lie.

तम
ु दवाई नह ीं िेते हो। you do not take medicine.

वह कोलिि नह ीं करती है She does not try .

Interrogative rule: - Do/Does + subject + verb- I + object + (?)

Examples - क्या तुम खेिते हो? Do you play?

क्या तुम वहाूँ रहते हो ? Do you live there?


क्या वह तुम्हे पढ़ता है ? Does he teach you?

Double interrogative rule: - W.H family + Do/Does + verb- I + object + (?)

Examples - तुम क्यों रोती हो? Why do you cry?

वह क्या कहता है ? What does he say?

हम वहाूँ जाते है ? Where do we go?

➢ Present continuous - जब भी verb िी first form साथ ing हो या present में जब भी िोई
िाम चल रहा हो तो वो present continuous tense होता है िाम को चलता हुआ ददखाने िे ललए
हम main verb िी first foam िे साथ ing लगाते हैं पहचान: - रहा है , रही है , रहे हो आदद।

Affirmative rule: - Subject + is/am/are + verb- I + Ing + object

Examples – में आ रहा हूँ। I am coming.

वह exam की तैयार कर रह हैं । She is preparing for examination.

तुम हमारे बारे में सोच रहे हो । You are thinking about us.

Negative rule: - Subject + is/am/are + not + verb- I + ing + object

Examples – तम्
ु हारा भाई तुम्हे नह ीं बुिा रहा है । Your brother is not calling you.
मै तुम्हारे साथ नह ीं आ रहा हूँ। I am not coming with you.
वह मुझे नह ीं समझ रहा है । He is not getting me .

Interrogative rule: - Is/am/are + subject + verb- I + ing + object + (?)

Examples - क्या तुम मझ


ु से बात कर रहे हो? Are you talking to me?

क्या वह अपने घर जा रह है ? Is she going to her home?

क्या तुम अपना जन्मददन मना रह हो ? are you celebrating your birthday?

Double interrogative: - W.H family+ is/am/are + subject + verb-I + ing + object + (?)

Examples: - तम
ु आज रात कहाूँ जा रहे हो? Where are going tonight?

वह मझ
ु से बात क्यों नह ीं कर रहा है ? Why is he not talking to me?

तम
ु कोनसा फ़ोन इस्तेमाि कर रहे हो? Which phone are you us?
➢ Present perfect tense - जब present में िोई िाम पूरा हो गया हो और main verb िी third form हो तो
वो present perfect tense िहलाता है । पहचान: - चुिा है , चुिी है , चुिे है , ललया है , ददया है , आदद।

Affirmative rule: - subject + has/have + verb-iii+ object


Examples - मैं खाना खा चक
ु ा हूँ। I have eaten the food.
हम उससे लमि चुके है । we have met him/her.

Negative rule: - Subject + has/have +not + verb- I + object

Examples - मैने ताजमहि नह ीं दे खा है । I have not seen the Taj Mahal.


वह घर नह ीं पींहुचा है । He has not reached home.

Interrogative rule: - Has/have + subject + verb – iii + object + (?)

Examples - क्या तुम मैच जीत चुके हो? Have you won the match?
क्या तुमने काम कर लिया है ? Have you done the work?

Double interrogative rule: - W.H family + has/have + subject + verb – iii + object + (?)

Examples - कौन अपनी पस्


ु तक नह ीं िाया है ? Who has not brought his book?

आज यहाूँ ककतने िड़के आये है । How many boys have come here today?

➢ Present perfect continuous tense- यह continuous tense है जो िी perfect है इसिा मतलब


ये हुआ जो इसिी continuity है वो एि systematic manner में हो रहा है इस में हमें पता होता है िी िाम
िब से चल रहा है ।

Affirmative rule: - Subject + has/have + been + verb – I + ing + object+ since/ for +time

Examples- मैं सुबह से आपका इींतज़ार कर रहा हूँ। I have been waiting for you since morning.
वह दो ददन से कोलिि कर रहा है । He has been trying for 2 days.
तुम 1980 में ददल्ि में रहे हो। you have been living in Delhi since 1980.

Negative rule:- Subject + has/have + not + been + verb- I +ing +object + since/for +(?)

Examples: - आपका बेटा दो ददन से स्कि नह ीं आ रहा है । Your son has not been coming to
school for two days.
प्रियींका िाम से अपना lesson याद नह ीं कर रह है । Priyanka has not been learning her
lesson since evening.

Interrogative rule: - Has/have+ subject+ been+ verb-I + ing+ object+ since/for+ (?)

Examples: - क्या तुम 10 साि से यहाूँ काम कर रहे हो? Have you been working here for 10 years?

क्या वह सुबह से सो रह है ? Has she been sleeping since morning?

Double interrogative: -W.H family+ has/have + subject+ been+ verb-I + ing+ object+
since/for+(?)

Examples: - तम
ु दो ददन से यहाीं क्या कर रहे हो? What have you been doing here for two days?

वह दो ददन से क्यों नह ीं पढ़ रहा है ? Why has he not been studying for two days?

➢ Past indefinite tense- past indefinite tense इसमें जो िाम हुआ है उसिी timing तो है past में
यानी बीते हुए िल में और वो िाम कितना हुआ है वो है indefinite यानी वो definite नहीीं है मतलब
मझ
ु े मालम
ू नहीीं है िी िाम ककतना हुआ है ।

Affirmative rule: - Subject +verb-ii + object

Examples- वह आया। He came.

हम उससे लमिे । We met him.

मुझे मेरे पापा ने बुिाया। My father called me.

Negative rule: - Subject+ did+ not+ verb-I+ object

Examples- मैने झठ नह ीं बोिा। I did not tell lie.

उसने किल्म नह ीं दे खी। He did not watch the film.

Mr. Deepak ने हमे नह ीं पढ़ाया। Mr. Deepak did not teach us.

Interrogative rule: - Did+ subject+ verb-I+ object

Examples- क्या तम
ु ने YouTube पर video दे खी? Did you watch the video on YouTube?

क्या उसने पढ़ाई की ? Did he study?

क्या तम
ु ने लिखा? Did you write?

Double interrogative: - W.H family+ did+ subject+ verb- I+ object+ (?)


Examples- तुम कब उठे ? when did you get up?

उसने बाजार से क्या खर दा ? What did he buy from the market?

आप कहाूँ रहते थे ? Where did you live?

➢ Past continuous tense- जब भी verb िी first िे साथ ing हो या past में िोई िाम हुआ हो तो
वो पास्ट continues tense होता है । time बताने िे ललए पहचान िरने िे ललए helping verb िा
इस्तेमाल होता है पहचान: - रहा था, रही थी, रहे थे आदद।

Affirmative rule: - Subject+ was/were+ verb- I+ ing+ object

Examples- मैं आपसे बाते कर रहा था। I was talking to you.


मैं किल्म दे ख रहा था। I was watching a movie.
मैं पढ़ रहा था। I was studying
वह आना चाह रह थी। she was trying to come

Negative rule: - Subject+ was/were+ not+ verb-I+ ing+ object

Examples- मै झठ नह ीं बोि रहा था। I was not telling a lie.


मै English नह ीं बोि रहा था। I was speaking English.
मै तुमसे नह ीं लमि रहा था। I was not meeting you.
वह खाना नह ीं खा रह थी। she was not eating

Interrogative rule: - was/were+ subject+ verb-I+ ing+ object+ (?)

Examples- क्या तम
ु यहाूँ आ रहे थे? Were you coming here?
क्या तुम ट वी दे ख रहे थे? Were you the television?
क्या तम
ु मझ
ु े बि
ु ा रहे थे? Were you calling me?
क्या तुम किकेट खेि रहे थे? Were you playing cricket?

Double interrogative: - W.H family+ was/were+ subject+ verb-I+ ing+ object+ (?)

Examples- तुम यहाूँ क्यों आ रहे थे? Why were you coming here?
तुम क्या पढ़ रहे थे ? What were you studying?
तुम क्या दे ख रहे थे ? What were you watching?
तुम किससे लमल रहे थे। Whom were you meeting?

➢ Past perfect tense- past perfect tense से समझ आता है िी िाम तो हुआ past में और
वो िाम िैसा है perfect यानी past में िोई िाम जो पूरा हो चुिा था उसिो हम बताते है
इसिे अींदर जताया जएगा िी वो िाम past में पूरा िर ददया गया थ पहचान: - चुिा था, चुिे
थे, चुिी थी, ललया था, ददया था, ली थी, दी थी आदद

Affirmative rule: - Subject+ Had+ verb-III+ object

Examples- मैं कह चुका था। I had said.


मैं तम्
ु हे दे ख चक
ु ा था। I had seen you.
मैं उससे लमि चका था। I had met him.
मैंने काम कर लिया था। I had done the work.

Negative rule: - Subject+ had+ not+ verb-III + object

Examples- मैंने उसे गाि नह ीं द थी। I had not abused him.


मैंने यह नह ीं कहा था। I had not said that.
मै उससे नह ीं लमिा था। I had not met him.
मैं वहाूँ नह ीं गया था। I had not gone there.

Interrogative rule: - Had+ subject+ verb-III+ object+ (?)

Examples- क्या तम
ु वहाूँ गए थे? Had you gone there?
क्या तुम उससे लमिे थे? Had you met him?
क्या तम
ु ने ददवाि मनाई थी? Had you celebrated the Diwali?
क्या वह आ चुका था ? Had he come?

Double Interrogative rule: - W.H family+ had+ subject+ verb-iii+ object+ (?)

Examples- तुम वहाूँ क्यों जा चुके थे? Why had you gone there?

तुम उससे क्यों लमि चुके थे। Why had you met him?

तुम वहाूँ क्यों नह ीं गए थे ? Why had you gone there?


➢ Past perfect continuous tense - Past perfect continuous tense में past में िोई
िाम चल रहा होता है past से ही मतलब िोई पुराने वक़्त में बीते हुए वक़्त िे अींदर िोई िाम
चल रहा था वो भी किसी खास वक़्त से चल रहा था।

Affirmative rule: - Subject+ had been+ verb-I+ ing+ object+ since/for

Examples- मैं दो घींटे से आपका इींतेज़ार कर रहा था। I had been waiting for you 10 hours

हम दस लमनट से किकेट खेि रहे थे। we had been playing cricket for ten
Minutes.
तम
ु दस साि से ददल्ि में रह रहे थे। you had been living in Delhi for ten
Years.
मैं 26 जनवर से पतींग उदा रहा था। I had been flying the kite since 26th
January.

Negative rule: - Subject+ had+ not+ been+ verb-I+ ing +object+ since/for

Example- मैं दस लमनट से TV नह ीं दे ख रहा था। I had not been watching TV for
ten minutes.
मैं दस साि से तुम्हारा इींतेज़ार नह ीं कर रहा था। I had not been waiting for
you for ten years.
तुम दस लमनट से पढ़ाई नह ीं कर रहे थे। You had not been studying
for ten minutes.

Interrogative rule: - Had+ Subject+ been+ verb-I+ ing+ object+ since/for+ (?)

Examples- क्या तम
ु 2 घींटे से ददल्ि जा रहे थे? Had you been going Delhi for 2

hours?

क्या हम मैदान में 2 घींटे से खेल रहे थे? Had we been playing in the field for 2 hours

क्या वह मेरा इींतज़ार 5 घींटे से कर रहे थे ? Had they been waiting for me for 2 hours?

Double interrogative rule: - W.H family+ had+ subject+ been+ verb-I+ ing+ object+
since/for+ (?)
Examples- हम कहाूँ दो घींटे से खेि रहे थे? Where had we been playing for two hours?

वे क्यों मेरा इींतेज़ार 5 घींटो से कर रहे थे ? Why had they been waiting for me for 5

hours?

ककसान सुबह स्व खेत क्यों नह ीं जोत रहा था ? Why had the farmer not been ploughing

the field himself in the morning?

➢ Future indefinite tense- Future tense यानी िोई िाम होगा और आने वाले िल में होगा। future
indefinite tense मतलब िाम हुआ है future में और िाम कितना हुआ है indefinite यानी हमे मालम

नहीीं है िी वो िाम कितना होगा। पहचान: - गा है , गी है , गे है । Shall आता है I & We िे साथ, Will
(rest all).

Affirmative rule: - Subject+ will/shall+ verb-I+ object

Examples- मैं जाऊूँगा। I shall go.


तुम आओगे। you will come.
मैं तुमसे लमिींगा। I shall meet you.
मैं खाना खाऊींगा। I shall eat the food.

Negative rule: - Subject+ will/shall+ not+ verb-I+ object

Examples- मैं तुमसे नह ीं लमिींगा। I shall not meet you.


मैं घर नह ीं जाऊींगा। I shall not go to home.
वह नह ीं आएगी। She will not come.
वह घर नह ीं जयेगा। He will not go to home.
मैं अखबार नह ीं पढीं गा। I will not read the newspaper.

Interrogative rule: - Will/shall+ subject+ verb-I+ object+ (?)

Examples- क्या आज आप आओगे।? Will you come today?

क्या आप वहाूँ जाओगे? Will you go there?

क्या आप मुझे दे खोगे ? Will you see me?


क्या मैं वहाूँ जाऊींगा ? Shall I go there?

Double interrogative: - W.H family+ will/shall+ subject+ verb-I+ object+ (?)

Examples- आप वहाूँ क्यों जाओगे? Why will you go there?

मैं यहाूँ कब आऊींगा? When shall I come?

➢ Future continuous tense- Future continuous tense में िाम future में होना है मतलब आने वाले
िल में होना है और वो िाम चलता रहे गा। जब िोई भी िाम चल रहा होगा तब main verb िी first
form आती है । पहचान - रहा होगा, रही होंगे, रहे होंगे आदद।

Affirmative rule: - Subject+ shall/will+ be+ verb-I+ ing+ object

Examples- मैं आ रहा होंगा। I shall be coming.


तुम लिख रहे होंगे। you will be writing.
तुम मुझे दे ख रहे होंगे। you will be watching me.

Negative rule: - Subject+ shall/will+ not+ be+ verb-I+ Ing+ object

Examples- वह झठ नह ीं बोि रहा होगा। He will not be telling a lie.


मम्मी खाना नह ीं पका रह होंगी। Mom will not be cooking food.
िड़के िुटबॉि नह ीं खेि रहे होंगे। The boys will not be playing the football.

Interrogative rule: - Shall/will+ subject+ be+ verb-I+ ing+ object+ (?)

Examples- क्या वह आ रहा होगा? Will he be coming?


क्या में जा रहा होंगा? Shall I be going?
क्या वह क्िास कर रहा होंगा ? Will he be attending the class?
क्या तुम मुझे दे ख रहे होंगे ? Will you be watching me?

Double interrogative: - W.H family+ Shall/will+ subject+ be+ verb-I+ ing+ object+ (?)

Examples- वह कहाूँ खेि रहा होगा? Where will he be playing?

वे िड़को को कहाूँ पढ़ा रहे होंगे ? Where will they be teaching the boys?
अब स्कि में कौन आ रहा होगा ? Who will be coming to school now?

➢ Future perfect tense- Future perfect tense में future में िोई िाम है और वो perfect है यानी वो
future में ही पूरा हो चुिा होगा। इसमें helping verb will/shall रहे गी helping verb िे साथ have भी
लगेगा perfect ददखाने िे ललये | पहचान - चि
ु ा होंगा, चुिे होंगे, चुिी होंगी आदद।

Affirmative rule: - Subject+ will/shall+ have+ verb-III+ object

Examples- आप यहॉ ॉँ आ चुके होंगे। You will have come here.

मैं आपसे लमि चक


ु ा होंगा। I will have met you.

तुम खाना खा चुिे होंगे। You will have eaten the food.

Negative rule: - Subject+ will/shall+ not+ have+ verb—III+ object

Examples- मैं खाना नह ीं खा चक


ु ा होंगा। I will not have eaten the food.

मैं आपसे नह ीं लमि स चुका होंगा। I will not have met you.

तुम चाूँद पर नह ीं पहुींच चक


ु े होंगे I will not have reached to the moon.

Interrogative rule: - Will/shall+ subject+ have+ verb-III+ object+ (?)

Examples- क्या तुम मुझसे लमि चक


ु े होंगे? Will you have met me?

क्या तुम वहाूँ जा चक


ु े होंगे ? Will you have gone there?

क्या में एग्जाम िैक कर चुका होंगा ? Will I have cracked the exam?

Double interrogative rule: - W.H family+ will/shall+ subject+ have+ verb-III+ object+ (?)

Examples- वह क्यों आ चक
ु े होंगे? Why will he have come?

वह खाना क्यों खा चक
ु े होंगे ? Why will he have eaten?
➢ Future perfect continuous tense- Future perfect continuous tense में future में िोई िाम होना है
आने वाले िल में िोई िाम होना है और वो िाम जो होगा किसी खास time से चल रहा होगा। इस tense
में helping verb लगेगी wiil/shall + have been main verb िी first form िे साथ ing .

Affirmative rule: - Subject+ will/shall+ have been+ verb- I+ ing+ object+ since/for

Examples- वह 2 घींटे से खाना खा रह होंगी। She will have been eating the food for 2 hours.

वह 10 साि से Paris में रह रहा होगा। He will have been living in Paris for 10 years.

वह 10 जनवर से जन्मददन मना रहा होगा। He will have been celebrating the

birthday since 10th January.

Negative rule: - Subject+ will/shall+ not+ have been+ verb- I+ ing+ object+ since/for

Examples- मैं 2 ददन से आपको नह ीं पढ़ा रहा होंगा। I will not have been teaching you for 2 days.

हम 10 ददन से ददल्ि नह ीं जा रहे होंगे। We will not have been going to Delhi for 10

days.

Interrogative rule: - Will/shall+ subject+ have been+ verb-I +ing+ object+ since/for+ (?)

Examples- क्या तुम 10 साि से ददल्ि में रह रहे होंगे? Will you have been living in Delhi for 10

years?

क्या तुम 2 ददन से पढ़ रहे होंगे ? Will you have been studying for 2 days?

Double Interrogative rule: - W.H family+ will/shall+ subject+ have been+ verb-I +ing+ object+ since/for+
(?)

Examples- बच्चे 2 घींटे तक क्या करते रहें ग?े What will the children have been doing for 2 hours?

राहुि के दोस्त 4 बजे तक उसका इींतज़ार कहाूँ करते रहें गे ? Where will Rahul's friends have been
waiting for him till 4 o'clock?

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