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Basic Computer Science

The document provides an overview of basic computer science concepts, including the definition of a computer, its components, and the input-output process. It explains different number systems used in computing, such as decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal, along with their positional value systems. Additionally, it outlines the types of memory in computers and the conversion of memory capacity units.

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Pavan
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14 views19 pages

Basic Computer Science

The document provides an overview of basic computer science concepts, including the definition of a computer, its components, and the input-output process. It explains different number systems used in computing, such as decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal, along with their positional value systems. Additionally, it outlines the types of memory in computers and the conversion of memory capacity units.

Uploaded by

Pavan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BASIC COMPUTER

SCIENCE

COMPUTER IS AN VERY HIGH SPEED ELECTRONIC DEVICE

By smita waghmare
COMPUTER WORKS ON
INPUT → → PROCESS → → OUTPUT
COMPUTER COMPONENTS
INPUT & OUTPUT DEVICES

INPUT:- OUTPUT:-
•Keyboard •Monitor
•Mouse •Printers
•Joy Stick •Plotters
•Light pen •Microfiche
•Track Ball •Projector
•Scanner •Head Phone
•Graphic Tablet
•Microphone
BOTH INPUT & OUTPUT DEVICES
• Touch Screen
• Modems
• Network cards
• Audio Cards / Sound Card
• Headsets (Headset consists of Speakers and Microphone)
• camera
TYPES OF MEMORY IN COMPUTER
COMPUTER NUMBER SYSTEM

• Decimal Number System


• Binary Number System
• Octal Number System
• Hexadecimal Number System
DECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM

• Decimal number system is a base 10 number system having 10 digits from 0 to 9.


This means that any numerical quantity can be represented using these 10 digits.
Decimal number system is also a positional value system. This means that the
value of digits will depend on its position.
• Example:- we have three numbers – 734, 971 and 207. The value of 7 in all three
numbers is different−
• In 734, value of 7 is 7 hundreds or 700 or 7 × 100 or 7 × 102
• In 971, value of 7 is 7 tens or 70 or 7 × 10 or 7 × 101
• In 207, value 0f 7 is 7 units or 7 or 7 × 1 or 7 × 100
BINARY NUMBER SYSTEM

• The easiest way to vary instructions through electric signals is two-state system –
on and off. On is represented as 1 and off as 0, though 0 is not actually no signal
but signal at a lower voltage. The number system having just these two digits – 0
and 1 – is called binary number system.
• Each binary digit is also called a bit. Binary number system is also positional
value system, where each digit has a value expressed in powers of 2.
• In any binary number, the rightmost digit is called least significant bit (LSB) and
leftmost digit is called most significant bit (MSB).

• And decimal equivalent of this number is sum of product of each digit with its
positional value.
110102 = 1×24 + 1×23 + 0×22 + 1×21 + 0×20
= 16 + 8 + 0 + 2 + 0
= 2610
Computer memory is measured in terms of how many bits it can store. Here
is a chart for memory capacity conversion.
•1 byte (B) = 8 bits
•1 Kilobytes (KB) = 1024 bytes
•1 Megabyte (MB) = 1024 KB
•1 Gigabyte (GB) = 1024 MB
•1 Terabyte (TB) = 1024 GB
•1 Exabyte (EB) = 1024 PB
•1 Zettabyte = 1024 EB
•1 Yottabyte (YB) = 1024 ZB
OCTAL NUMBER SYSTEM

• Octal number system has eight digits – 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. Octal number system is also a
positional value system with where each digit has its value expressed in powers of 8.

• Decimal equivalent of any octal number is sum of product of each digit with its positional value.
• 7268 = 7×82 + 2×81 + 6×80
• = 448 + 16 + 6
• = 47010
HEXADECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM

• It has 16 symbols – 0 to 9 and A to F where A is equal to 10, B is equal to 11 and so on till F.


Hexadecimal number system is also a positional value system with where each digit has its
value expressed in powers of 16.

• Decimal equivalent of any hexadecimal number is sum of product of each digit with its positional
value.
• 27FB16 = 2×163 + 7×162 + 15×161 + 10×160
• = 8192 + 1792 + 240 +10
• = 1023410
Thanking you

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