SUMMER 2023 EXAMINATION MODEL ANSWER

Subject: Programming in ‘C’ Subject Code: 22226

__________________________________________________________

1. Attempt any FIVE of the following: 10 M

a) List different symbols used in flowchart(any 4) ANS:

b)

Give the use of printf()

ANS:
printf( ) & scanf( ):

printf() and scanf() functions are library functions in C programming language defined in
“stdio.h” header file.

Uses of printf():
1. It is used to print the any message onto the output screen.
2. It is used to print formatted text and values to the standard output stream.

c) Give the syntax of for loop ANS:

The syntax of for loop in c language is given below:

for(Expression 1; Expression 2; Expression 3) {

//code to be executed. }

d) Define Array ANS:

 An array is a collection of data items, all of the same type, accessed using a common
name.
1) A one-dimensional array consists of similar type of multiple values in it.
2) A two dimensional array consists of row and column.

e) List any two string handling function

ANS: strlen( ): calculates the length of the string.
Syntax: strlen(s1);
strcat():concatenates two strings
Syntax: strcat(s1,s2)

f) Explain pointer with example.

ANS: Definition:
A pointer is a variable that stores memory address of another variable which is of
similar data type.
Declaration:
datatype *pointer_variable_name;
Eg: int *ptr;

g) Define algorithm.

ANS: Algorithm is a stepwise set of instructions written to perform a specific task..

Q-2) Attempt any Three of the following: 12 M

a) Write a C program to find greatest number among three numbers.
ANS: Program:
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
double n1, n2, n3;
printf("Enter three numbers: "); scanf("%lf
%lf %lf", &n1, &n2, &n3);
// if n1 is greater than both n2 and n3, n1 is the largest
if (n1 >= n2 && n1 >= n3)
printf("%.2lf is the largest number.", n1);
// if n2 is greater than both n1 and n3, n2 is the largest
else if (n2 >= n1 && n2 >= n3)
printf("%.2lf is the largest number.", n2);
 // if both above conditions are false, n3 is the largest
else
printf("%.2lf is the largest number.", n3); return
0;
}

OUTPUT
Enter three numbers: 10 11 15 15.00
is the largest number.

b) Explain Go-to statement with example.

ANS: The C goto statement is a jump statement which is sometimes also referred to as an
unconditional jump statement. The goto statement can be used to jump from anywhere to
anywhere within a function.

Syntax:

Syntax1 ----------------------- goto

label;bel;

. |.

label:

In the above syntax, the first line tells the compiler to go to or jump to the statement marked as a
label. Here, the label is a user-defined identifier that indicates the target statement.

The statement immediately followed after ‘label:’ is the destination statement. The ‘label:’ can also
appear before the ‘goto label;’ statement in the above syntax.

Flowchart of goto Statement in C

Examples:

Type 1: In this case, we will see a situation similar to as shown in Syntax1 above. Suppose we
need to write a program where we need to check if a number is even or not and print accordingly
using the goto statement. The below program explains how to do this:

/ C program to print numbers

// from 1 to 10 using goto statement

#include <stdio.h>

// function to print numbers from 1 to 10 void

printNumbers()

{ int n = 1;

label:

printf("%d ", n);

n++; if (n <=

10) goto label;

// Driver program to test above function

int main() {

printNumbers();

return 0;

Output:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

c) Write ‘C’ program to add two distances given in km using structure.

ANS: #include <stdio.h> struct Distance

{ int feet;

float inch;

} firstDistance, secondDistance, sum; int

main()
{ printf("Enter feet and inches for the first distance: \n");

scanf("%d %f", &firstDistance.feet, &firstDistance.inch);

printf("Enter feet and inches for the second distance: \n");

scanf("%d %f", &secondDistance.feet,

&secondDistance.inch); sum.feet = firstDistance.feet +

secondDistance.feet; sum.inch = firstDistance.inch +

secondDistance.inch; while (sum.inch >= 12)

sum.inch = sum.inch - 12; sum.feet++;

} printf("The Sum is %d feet, %.1f inches\n", sum.feet,

sum.inch); return 0;

Output:

d) Write a program to calculate sum of all elements stored in given array using pointers.

ANS: #include <stdio.h> #include <malloc.h> void main()

int i, n, sum = 0; int *a; printf("Enter

the size of array A \n"); scanf("%d",

&n); a = (int *) malloc(n *

sizeof(int)); printf("Enter Elements of

the List \n"); for (i = 0; i < n; i++)

{ scanf("%d", a +

i);

/* Compute the sum of all elements in the given array */

for (i = 0; i < n; i++)

{ sum = sum + *(a +

i);

/* this *(a+i) is used to access the value stored at the address*/

} printf("Sum of all elements in array = %d\n",

sum); return 0;

Enter the size of array A

Enter Elements of the List

49

10

56

100

Sum of all elements in array = 179

Q-3) Attempt any Three of the following: 12 M

a) Explain use of comment in C language. ANS:

Comments in C

Comments can be used to explain code, and to make it more readable. It can also be used to
prevent execution when testing alternative code.
Comments can be singled-lined or multi-lined.

Single-line Comments

Single-line comments start with two forward slashes (//).

Any text between // and the end of the line is ignored by the compiler (will not be executed).

This example uses a single-line comment before a line of code:

Example

// This is a comment
printf("Hello World!");

This example uses a single-line comment at t

he end of a line of code:
Example

printf("Hello World!"); // This is a comment

C Multi-line Comments

Multi-line comments start with /* and ends with */.

Any text between /* and */ will be ignored by the compiler:

Example /*

The code below will print the words Hello World! to the screen,
and it is amazing */ printf("Hello World!");

b) Explain any two math function with syntax and give example of each. ANS:

The C Math Functions can be classified into two main categories: Basic Math Functions and
Advanced Math Functions. In addition to these main categories, there are also a number of utility
functions that are used for specific applications. Let's delve deeper into these categories.

Basic Math Functions in C

Basic Math Functions in C are those that perform elementary mathematical operations, such as
addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and modulus. Some of these Basic Math Functions
include:

• abs() - returns the absolute value of an integer

• ceil() - rounds up a floating-point number to the nearest integer
• floor() - rounds down a floating-point number to the nearest integer
• pow() - raises a number to the power of another number
 • sqrt() - calculates the square root of a number

These Basic Math Functions can handle most simple arithmetic operations in your programs.

Advanced Math Functions in C

Advanced Math Functions in C are more complex and cater to specific mathematical needs, such
as trigonometric, logarithmic, and exponential operations. Some examples of Advanced Math
Functions include:

• sin(), cos(), tan() - calculate trigonometric sine, cosine, and tangent

• sasin(), acos(), atan() - calculate inverse trigonometric sine, cosine, and tangent
• exp() - calculates the exponential value of a number
• log(), log10() - calculate natural and base-10 logarithms
• hypot() - calculates the square root of the sum of the squares of two numbers (useful in
calculating the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle)

These Advanced Math Functions are typically used in more specialized tasks and scientific
applications where a higher level of precision is required.

c) Describe use of header files in C language. ANS:

In C language, hea)der files contain a set of predefined standard library functions. The .h is the
extension of the header files in C and we request to use a header file in our program by including
it with the C preprocessing directive “#include”.
C Header files offer the features like library functions, data types, macros, etc by importing them
into the program with the help of a preprocessor directive “#include”.
Syntax of Header Files in C
We can include header files in C by using one of the given two syntax whether it is a predefined
or user-defined header file.
#include <filename.h> // for files in system/default directory or
#include "filename.h" // for files in same directory as source file
 ANS:

The call by valuemethod of passing arguments to a function copies the actual value of an
argument into the formal parameter
of the function. In this case, changes made to the parameter
inside the function have no effect on the argument.

By default, C programming uses call by valueto pass arguments. In general, it means the code
within a function cannot alter the arguments use d to call the function. Consider the
functionswap()definition as follows.

/* function definition to swap the values */

voidswap(int x, int y) {

int temp;

temp= x; /* save the value of x */

x = y; /* put y into x */
y = temp; /* put temp into y */

return; Now, let us call the function swap() by passing actual values as in the following example −
}
Live Demo

#include <stdio.h>

/* function declaration */ void

swap(int x, int y);

int main () {

/* local variable definition */

int a = 100; int b = 200;

printf("Before swap, value of a : %d\n", a );

printf("Before swap, value of b : %d\n", b );

/* calling a function to swap the values */ swap(a,

b);

printf("After swap, value of a : %d\n", a );

printf("After swap, value of b : %d\n", b );

return 0; }
void swap(int x, int y) {

int temp;

temp = x; /* save the value of x */ x

= y; /* put y into x */
y = temp; /* put temp into y */

return; }
Let us put the above code in a single C file, compile and execute it, it will produce the following
result −

Before swap, value of a : 100

Before swap, value of b : 200
After swap, value of a : 100
After swap, value of b : 200
 Q-4) Attempt any Three of the following: 12 M

a) Write a C program to determine whether a given number is prime or not. ANS:

#include <stdio.h> // Include the standard input/output header file.

int main() { int num, i, ctr = 0; // Declare variables for user input, loop control, and a counter.

// Prompt the user to input a number. printf("Input a number: "); scanf("%d",

&num); // Read the input number from the user.

// Start a loop to check for factors of the input number. for (i = 2; i <= num

/ 2; i++) { if (num % i == 0) { // If the input number is divisible by 'i'. ctr+

+; // Increment the counter. break; // Exit the loop since a factor has been

found.

// If no factors were found and the number is not 1. if (ctr == 0 && num != 1) printf("%d

is a prime number.\n", num); // Print that the number is prime.

else printf("%d is not a prime number.\n", num); // Print that the number is not prime.

return 0; // Return 0 to indicate successful execution. }

Copy
Sample Output:

Input a number: 13
13 is a prime number.
Flowchart:

b) Explain formatted input-output function with example in C.

ANS: This article focuses on discussing the following topics in detail-

• Formatted I/O Functions.

• Unformatted I/O Functions.
• Formatted I/O Functions vs Unformatted I/O Functions.
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ANS:include<stdio.h>
int main() {
int i, j, rows;
printf("Enterthenumberof rows:");
scanf("%d", &rows);
for(i = 1; i <= rows;++) i {
for(j = 1; j <= i; ++j) {
printf("* ");
}
printf("\n");
}
return0;
}

b) Explainhow to initialize and define structure

in C programming.
ANS:

C Structure Declaration
We have to declare structure in C before using it in our program. In structure declaration, we
specify its member variables along with their
datatype. We can use the struct keyword to
declare the structure in C using the following syntax:

Syntax
5. printf("Enter a number: ");
6. scanf("%d",&number);
7. for(i=1;i<=number;i++){
8. fact=fact*i;
9. }
10. printf("Factorial of %d is: %d",number,fact);
11. return 0;
12. }

Output:
Enter a number: 5
Factorial of 5 is: 120

c) Write a C program to demonstrate access structure members using pointer.

ANS:
// C program to demonstrate structure pointer
#include <stdio.h>

struct point
{ int value;
};

int main()
{

struct point s;

// Initialization of the structure pointer

struct point* ptr = &s;

return 0;
}