Information, expression and communication

technique Course
Chapter 1: Search, analyze and organize information
2 year ME
nd
Mrs: M.Boulmaali

1. Introduction
Faced with a surplus of information as well as the diversity and accessibility of documentary
sources, research resources and information validation require the application of an effective
approach.
This chapter is primarily intended to provide references based on the methodological steps of
studying, organizing and analysing the data your project has collected.
2. Determination of the subject
To decide the subject, get it and posture an issue, it is fundamental to consider the taking after
focuses:
2.1. Identify the nature of the work and estimate the time required
Conduct general research to be able to distinguish proposed topics;
Assess the nature of the information needed.
Characterize, based on this work, the documentary needs.

Fig 1: Selecting document types

2.2. Serround the topic through topic-delimiting questions

You need to create contextual information for your data (metadata) to ovoid misunderstandings,
off-topics and omissions using the method of 5W + 1H Sample Questions.
 Information, expression and communication
technique Course
Chapter 1: Search, analyze and organize information
2 year ME
nd
Mrs: M.Boulmaali
a. What – Object (What has happened?)

• What Products Does The Company Produce?

• Can You Produce Anything Else?
•
• What Should I Produce?

b. Where – Location

• Where Is Production Done?

• Can You Change Places?
• Where Should I Do It?

c. When – Time

• When Did This Process Or Component Work?

• Why Did You Do It At This Time?
• Can You Do It At Other Times?
• When Should I Do It?

d. Who – Responsible person

• Who Is Doing This?

• Why Let Him Do It?

e. Why – Reason

• Why Use This Technical Parameter?

• Why Can’t I Use It?
• Why Use Machines Instead Of Humans?
• Why Do We Have To Do It?

f. How – Mean

• How Do We Do It?
• Why Use This Method?
• Is There Any Other Way To Do It?
 Information, expression and communication
technique Course
Chapter 1: Search, analyze and organize information
2 year ME
nd
Mrs: M.Boulmaali

Fig 2: How to Research a Topic with 5W1H Questioning Technique

2.3.Create a list of keywords and synonyms related to the topic

- Using the right keywords is very essential. Because using the words your audience
searches with will help your posts and pages rank. That is why we need to put some
effort into finding the perfect keywords to optimize our searches.
- By mobilizing personal knowledge and drawing on analysis of courses, practices,
and definitions, the details of the problem are ascertained. Therefore, it becomes
easier to set up your search strategy.
3. Data collection
Information collection is the method of collecting and assessing data or information from
numerous sources to discover answers to inquire about issues, reply questions, assess results,
and figure patterns and probabilities. It is a fundamental stage in all sorts of inquire about,
examination, and decision-making, counting that worn out the social sciences, trade, and
healthcare. .
4. Types of Data
Generally, data collected for evaluation can be divided into two categories: quantitative data
and qualitative data.

• Quantitative data analysis is useful for evaluation because it is based on numerical ratings
or ratings and provides quantifiable results that are easy to calculate and display.

• Qualitative data consists primarily of words and observations rather than numbers.
 Information, expression and communication
technique Course
Chapter 1: Search, analyze and organize information
2 year ME
nd
Mrs: M.Boulmaali
Qualitative data can come from a variety of sources, including open-ended survey questions,
focus group notes, essay responses, and student portfolios.

Qualitative data often helps answer “why” and “how” questions about student performance,
approach, motivation, and experience.

5. Data collection tools

The term “data collection tools” refers to tools/equipment used to collect data, such as paper
questionnaires or computer-assisted interview systems. Tools used for data collection include
case studies, checklists, interviews, and sometimes observations, questionnaires.
There are several Boolean operators allowing you to associate keywords when collecting data
from the web search such as And, Or, Not.
The Boolean AND operator allows you to search for multiple keywords at once.
The OR operator allows you to search content for the presence of either one keyword, another,
or both.
The NOT operator allows you to exclude a keyword from your search.

Table: Google & Google Scholar: Boolean Operators

Boolean Operators Example

 Information, expression and communication
technique Course
Chapter 1: Search, analyze and organize information
2 year ME
nd
Mrs: M.Boulmaali
AND Vegetarianism AND obesity
Limit results (Search for content that contains both vegetarianism and obesity.)

OR Scholarly OR academic
One term OR another (Search for content that contains scholarly OR academic.)

- Bears -Chicago
Exclude a term from the search (Limits results to only those with bears and not the term Chicago.)

-site: Bears -site:wikipedia.org

Exclude a website from the search (Limits results to results other than Wikipedia.)

~ ~academic
Synonyms of term (Search for the term academic and its synonyms.)

““ “sleep deprivation”
Exact phrase (Search for the phrase sleep deprivation.)

AROUND (#) sleep AROUND (5) anxiety

Search for specific words in a specific (search for the word sleep within five words of the word anxiety)
number of words in your phrase.

intitle: intitle:Sleep
Search for a specific word or phrase in (Search for sleep in the title)
the title.

intext: intext:Sleep
Search for a specific word or phrase in (Search for sleep in the text)
the text.

source: source:Education
Search for a specific word or phrase in (Search for term in the source)
the source. This is an excellent way to
search for a specific publication
 Information, expression and communication
technique Course
Chapter 1: Search, analyze and organize information
2 year ME
nd
Mrs: M.Boulmaali

6. Resources type
It depends on the nature of the subject and the type of document needed, it could be:
6.1.Web resources:
Search engines (Google, AltaVista, Lycos, etc.);
Specialized search engines (Google Books, Google Scholar, etc.)
6.2. Paper documentation (resources):
Books, Library catalogs: multidisciplinary, they are essential for finding paper documentation.
7. Organizing your data and designing your analysis plan
You may want to create a database or spreadsheet to organize your data. Readily available
computer programs, such as Excel and Access, may be useful. Software is also available for
quantitative and qualitative analysis (such as SPSS or Atlas-TI). Some of this software is
expensive, however, and you may be able to analyze your findings without it. Before investing
in software, consider seeking consultation to determine if it is needed.
7.1.Tips for designing your database include:
Instead of having the same person appear in multiple locations, put all of that person's
information in one row in your database.
Restrict answers to prevent incorrect information from being entered (for example, by not
allowing numbers other than in answer choices).
Code text responses into numerical form so that they are easier to analyze (e.g., 1=yes, 2 =no).
Enter data in a consistent format, such as always using a “1” to reflect female gender, rather
than using various labels.
7.2.Resource quotes:
Citation helps avoid plagiarism and also:
Give credibility to the work.
Respect copyright.
Demonstrate scientific rigor.
Allow the reader to go back to the source
 Information, expression and communication
technique Course
Chapter 1: Search, analyze and organize information
2 year ME
nd
Mrs: M.Boulmaali

In research work, you must indicate the source of citations in two places:
Either by number
Either by author
Organize bibliographic references as follows: we organize them according to its nature.
Periodical article: Name of the author, Title of the article. Periodical title, year, number.
Book: Author name. Title of the work. Editing.
On the Internet or online: Article: Title of the resource, date of the document, (date of
consultation) <URL>
8. Data communication
Data can be communicated in oral form (verbal presentation) or written (report, thesis,
memoirs etc.) The organization of this stage is as follows:

1. Gather all the material (start questions, reading note cards)

2. Write the work in correct and understandable language, relying on the reading sheets and
following the coherent plan.
3. Think almost about the consistent layout of my sections.