ENGLISH 9, Q3: Bias is a tendency to lean in a certain direction,
either in favor of or against a particular thing. To be
truly biased means to lack a neutral viewpoint on a
EXAM REVIEWER BY: AYRA particular topic. Somewhere along the line, bias took on
a negative connotation.
BIASES AND PREJUDICES If you're biased toward something, then you lean
favorably toward it, you tend to think positively of it.
Prejudice refers to a preconceived opinion or feeling Meanwhile, if you're biased against something, then
toward a person based solely on their affiliation with a you lean negatively against it. you tend to think poorly
group. This feeling may be translated into action by of it.
discriminating against the person or members of the
target group
- An individual may be prejudiced against others Types of bias:
based on factors such as race, age, gender, sexual
Anchoring Bias - when people rely too much on pre-
orientation, class status, religion, nationality, and
existing information or the first information they find
amongst other things.
when making decisions.
Types of prejudice: Media Bias - occurs when journalists and news
producers show bias in how they report news
Ageism - refers to the stereotypes (how we think),
prejudice (how we feel) and discrimination (how we
Confirmation Bias - tendency to seek out and prefer
act) towards others or oneself based on age.
information that supports pre existing beliefs
Sexism - based on stereotypes (an oversimplified
Conformity Bias - tendency to change one’s beliefs to
prejudgment of others, often leading to negative
fit in
prejudices) held about women and men.
Halo effect - overall impression of a person influences
Religion - religious discrimination is treating a person or
how we feel and think about them.If our first
group differently because of the particular beliefs which
impression is positive, the subsequent judgments we
they hold about a religion.
make will be colored by this first impression.
Nationality - Discrimination based on nationality is
discriminating against a person based on their Types of Texts - Factual, Literary,
nationality, country of citizenship, or national origin. Persuasive & Discussion
Racism - discrimination, or antagonism by an individual,
community, or institution against a person or people on text refers to the written, spoken and visual forms of
the basis of their membership in a particular racial or language that people live with every day. From the
ethnic group, typically one that is a minority text you heard, you need to weigh if the evidences
or marginalized. given by the writer are valid or not.
Classism - is differential treatment on the basis of social
class or perceived social class. TYPES OF TEXTS:
Another term that causes confusion and is often
used interchangeably with "prejudice" is "bias". But Factual texts inform, instructs and persuade the
these two terms differ from each other. Let's examine reader or listener by giving facts or information.
how it differs from the former. The reader or listener wants to know something
about a particular subject so they should give useful
information and focus on facts. Examples of factual
texts are news reports, interviews, recipes, records
of history, and instructions. You often heard news
reports over the radio, or television, read them in
the newspaper or hear what happened from Identify the parts of
reliable sources. While reading or listening to a news
report, you are already activating your knowledge Persuasive/Discussion Texts
about the information.
Persuasive Text
A persuasive essay is a type of writing where you apply
Literary texts are pieces of writing that tell a story all your skills to convince the readers to take up the
or entertain. They engage the reader/listener to particular opinion as a correct one. It implies that you
respond emotionally by using creative language to use tools like arguments, statistics, quotations, and
paint pictures through words(imagery). They include research to reach your goal.
nondramatic works with or without illustrations,
published or unpublished. Examples of literary texts
are fiction, nonfiction, manuscripts, poetry, Parts of Persuasive Text
dissertations, theses, speeches, pamphlets, brochures, 1. Introduction - an introductory paragraph invites
and advertisements. your reader into the essay structure.
The introduction contains the following
elements:
Characteristics of literary text include
A. Hook - A hook is like an attraction for your
characters, setting, plot(problem/solution), and
reader—something sharp and engaging – to
sequence. These characteristics help the reader
prove that you’re writing is worth attention.
understand who is in the story, where and when
It is beneficial in persuasive essays because
the story takes place, what happens in the story, and
it appeals to the reader’s emotions rather
how the events happen.
than the mind. This can be a striking fact,
statistics, figures, an engaging question, or a
Persuasive text offers the opportunity to convince good quote.
the reader/ listener to adopt a particular viewpoint or
to believe in what the writer is telling. It is designed to B. Background information - Another essential
prompt the reader or listener to take a certain constituent of an outline for a persuasive
action. It is very common in ad campaigns wherein essay is background information. It usually
they are marketing/selling a certain product and they follows the hook. You need it to introduce
are convincing you to buy their product. Ads can the topic to readers and make them aware
also be used in several situations as well like of the context.
reminders or election campaigns. You might need background information for
different purposes:
To explain the definition of a
Discussion text content also known as complex term;
argumentative text/ content presents an issue To provide some historical context
surrounding a particular topic--usually one that is for the phenomena you describe;
debatable and open to arguments. In here, the writer To report current affairs in the field
needs to discuss both sides of the issue to make sure you highlight.
that you researched and gathered enough information
about the topic. To know if the information presented C. Thesis statement - A thesis statement is an
by the writer is valid or not, you need to extract the idea with great potential to debate. The
supporting (pros) and opposing (cons) opinions about point is that there should be different
the issue. Many writers use argumentative content to opinions about the issue in your thesis
persuade the readers or listeners to agree to their statement. It won’t work if the thesis
points of view. The information may influence you to statement is an acknowledged fact.
believe certain ideas and push you to take some form
of action. 2. Body - The most significant part of your
persuasive essay structure is the body with
three persuasive paragraphs. Each of them
consists of an opening sentence and arguments
backing up your claim.
A. Arguments - To argue and persuade, one
needs strong arguments. They define
whether your readers will be inclined to
believe you.
B. Support - Supporting details include the
essence of that truth you stand for in your
essay.
3. Conclusion - It’s the final touch, so apply all your
abilities to summarize all the meaningful
information you’ve delivered before.
Persuasive essay tips for a conclusion:
Do not introduce any new facts, arguments,
and evidence.
Sum up your writing and present the ideas
from a different angle.
Your reader is probably a bit tired: so use
clear sentences and don’t overload with
notions.
Infographic
An infographic is a collection of imagery, data
visualizations like pie charts and bar graphs, and
minimal text that gives an easy-to-understand overview
of a topic. As in the example below, infographics use
striking, engaging visuals to communicate information
quickly and clearly.
Parts of an infographic:
Intro - must be straightforward
Font - must be readable
Title & headings - descriptive and precise
Body copy - concise and informative
Info & Data - accurate and meaningful, visualized
Colors - gives life to the infographic
Visual aids - images, gives natural breaks
Conclusion - closing info so that reader can remember
Layout - entirety and design
Apps:
ms word the noun project
adobe photoshop canva
infogr.am adobe express
sway genially
easelly smore
animaker piktochart
