Earth Science for

Stem
Quarter 1 – Module 7:
Formation of Fossil
Fuels
CO_Q1_ESS SHS
Module 7
Earth Science for STEM
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 7: Formation of Fossil Fuels
First Edition, 2021

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Earth Science for
STEM
Quarter 3 – Module 7:
Formation of Fossil
Fuels
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions,
directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand
each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-
by- step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding
of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to
self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We
trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they
can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any
part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and
tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering
the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to
Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the nature of Biology. The scope of this module permits it to be used in
many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify the components of a fossil fuel;
2. discuss how fossil fuels are formed; and
3. differentiate the three major types of fossil fuels formation

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 What I
Know
Read and analyze the following questions. Choose the letter of the best answer.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Coal is considered as a non-renewable energy source because .

A. it is sustainable
B. it is expensive to mine
C. it takes millions of years to form
D. it can be regenerated or replaced

2. Fossil fuels formed million years ago from different materials. Which of
the following are its components?
1. remains of bacteria 3. remains of all vegetation
2. remains of animals 4. remains of volcanic

ashes A. 1, 2 and 3 B. 1, 2 and 4 C. 1, 3 and 4

D. 2, 3 and 4

3. Which of the following contribute to the formation of fossil fuels?

A. water and air C. carbon and oxygen
B. heat and pressure D. oxygen and carbon dioxide

4. Coal is one of the major types of fossil fuels. In which types of organic
matter does coal come from?
A. mostly algae C. dissolve minerals from rocks
B. marine organisms D. forest trees, plants and marshes

5. Which of the following statement is correct?

A. Natural gas is not a fossil fuel.
B. Coal, natural gas, and oil are fossil fuels.
C. Fossil fuels are man-made energy source.
D. Coal is the most expensive energy source in the world.

6. Which of the following is an example of non-renewable energy?

A. coal B. solar C. water D. wind

7. Which energy resource is derived from natural organic materials?

A. fossil fuels B. geothermal C. solar D. water

8. Which of the following statements is/are correct?

I. Philippines has the largest coal production in the world.
II. Oil, coal, and natural gas are examples of renewable energy.
III. Non-renewable energy is finite; they can’t be used for a second time.

A. I only B. II only C. III only D. I and II

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9. Malampaya is one of the fossil fuel reservoirs of the Philippines situated
at the island of Palawan. What type of fossil fuel is harnessed in it?
A. coal B. coal and oil C. natural gas D. oil

10.Based on the Department of Energy 2017 power statistics, coal is the main
source of energy in the Philippines. What do you think might happen if
coal reserves run out?
A. It will result to decreasing number of air pollutants.
B. It will decrease the energy resources present in the Philippines.
C. It will not affect the Philippine economy because it is an infinite resource.
D. Both A & B

11.Which among the following fossil fuels is the cleanest, odorless and colorless?
A. coal B. coal and oil C. natural gas D. oil

12.Which of the following is the correct increasing order of the types of coal
based on the quality?
A. anthracite, bituminous, subbituminous and lignite
B. anthracite, lignite, bituminous and subbituminous
C. lignite, anthracite, subbituminous and bituminous
D. lignite, subbituminous, bituminous and anthracite

13.Which of the following is the chronological order of fossil fuel formation?

I. They are then able to turn it into products we can use, such as
petrol and diesel.
II. Millions of years ago the remains of prehistoric plants and animals
are buried at the bottom of the Earth.
III. The plant and animal remain were altered chemically by this
process, and slowly changed into crude oil and natural gas.
IV.The mud sediment was buried by more sediments, and it started to
change into rock as the temperature and pressure increase.

A. I, II, III, IV B. I, III, II, IV C. II, IV, III, I D. II, III, IV, I

14.What are the essential factors involved in the formation of fossil fuel?
A. Pressure and temperature
B. Pressure and low oxygen environment
C. Pressure, temperature and low oxygen environment
D. Pressure, temperature and high oxygen environment

15.Which of the following fossil fuel is formed from organic materials which
are mostly algae?
A. carbon B. natural gas C. oil D. oil and coal

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 Lesson
How fossil fuels are
7 formed?
Fossil fuels provide almost 90% of the world’s energy supply. Coal, oil, and
natural gas are types of fossil fuels formed from the remains of dead plants and
animals. They are classified as non-renewable resources, meaning there is a
finite source and a possible run-out of supply might happen if we do not
consume them wisely.

What’s
In
Memory Work Review
There are five important terms below associated with the previous lesson.
Choose the correct letter which best describes the word.

A.It is naturally occurring solid matter that has a metal

1. Ore inside it.
B. It is a man-made material that contains valuable minerals.
A. It is a process by which oil industries use to
produce cheaper fuel.
2. Mining
B. It is a process of extracting valuable materials such
as gold.
A. It is solid and have crystal structure. It is
3. Minerals naturally occurring material.
B. It is a consolidate aggregate of rocks.
A. It is the most common type of mining that involves
4. Open-pit making a big hole (or pit) in the ground.
Mining B. It involves the removal of a thin strip of overburden
(earth or soil) above a desired deposit.
A. It is used to extract the rocks, minerals and other precious
5. Underground stories that can be found beneath the earth’s surface.
Mining B. It is used to extract ore minerals near the surface of the
earth.

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 Notes to the Teacher
As a facilitator always instructed your learners to carefully read and analyze t

What’s
New
It’s all About Transportation!
How do students like you normally go to school? Do you ride on a
motorcycle? Buses? Or taxi? There are different modes of transportation in the
Philippines that make our life more convenient and easier, the most common and
traditional are Jeepneys. Air transportation like aircrafts, water transportation like
ferries, and automobile industry like grab and motor-taxi are some of the major
ways and transportations that really help in transporting goods and services and
play a major role in the economy.

List down five major modes of transportation in the Philippines and their
energy sources.

Mode of Transportation Source of Energy

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Guide Questions:
1. Among the five modes of transportation, which is the most common?
2. What is the common source of energy of the different
modes of transportation?
3. What do you think is the effect on the mode of transportation if the source
of energy is not available?
4. What do you think will be its impact on our economy?

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 What is
It

Fossil Fuels Formation

What are fossil
fuels?
Fossil fuels are basically remains of plants and animals that died millions
of years ago. They are the world’s primary energy source that provide most of
the energy support in transportation, electricity, and industries. They are natural
and finite resources that are very abundant and has a cheaper cost production
compared to other resources present on Earth. They are considered as non-
renewable energy source as they take millions of years to form.

What are the major types of fossil fuels and where are they
usually found?

There are three types of fossil fuels formation: coal, oil, and natural gas
1. Coal - is an important and primary fossil
fuel present on Earth. Coal resources are found
predominantly where forest trees, plants and
marshes existed before being buried and
compressed millions of years ago. Philippines uses
approximately 50% coal resource to produce
energy and electricity. There are four major ranks
of coal. First is anthracite, which is the highest
rank of coal. It is a hard, brittle, and black lustrous
coal, often referred to as hard coal, containing a
high percentage of fixed carbon and a low
percentage of volatile matter. Second is the
bituminous coal. It usually has a high heating value and is the most common
type of coal used in electricity generation. It appears shiny and smooth at first
glance, but when you look closely, you will see that it has layers. The third one is
subbituminous coal, which is black in color and dull, and has a higher heating
value than lignite. The last in rank is lignite, which is also known as brown coal.
It is the lowest grade coal with the least concentration of carbon.

2. Oil - Most of the oil that we are using

today started forming millions of years ago. Oil is an
organic material, mostly algae, which was buried in
mud at the bottom of the sea and lakes. It is used
mainly to produce transportation fuels and petroleum-
based products. Philippines imports crude oil and
petroleum from Saudi Arabia and Russia. The majority

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of the market are Petron Corporation, Pilipinas Shell,
and Chevron Philippines.

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3. Natural gas - is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon
gas with the mixture of methane. It is the Earth’s
cleanest fossil fuel and is odorless and colorless in
its natural state. Natural gas is produced from
sedimentary rock formation by forcing chemicals,
water, and sand down a well under high pressure.
The Philippines’ main domestic source of energy is
the Malampaya natural gas field which is located at
Palawan Island.

How are fossil fuels formed?

Millions of years ago the remains
of prehistoric plants and animals are
buried beneath the Earth’s surface.
These remains were covered by mud.
The mud sediment was buried by more
sediments, and it started to change into
rock as the temperature and pressure
increase. In that case fossil fuels are
formed in a low oxygen environment.
The plant and animal remains were
altered chemically by
this process, and slowly changed into crude oil and natural gas.

Through the spaces of permeable rock, the oils move upwards and will be
trapped if it reached impermeable rock. Oil companies can drill down through the
impermeable rocks to get it out. They are then able to turn it into products we
can use, such as petrol and diesel. On the other hand, coal can be extracted
from the Earth through underground mining. Once it has been extracted, it can
be used to fuel power plants for electricity.

What’s
More
Fill it in!
Fill in the table below of the corresponding characteristics, uses and sources of
each type of fossil fuel.

Types of
Characteristics Uses Sources
Fossil
Fuel
Coal

Oil

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 Natural Gas

What I Have
Learned
Fossil Fuels Storyboard
A storyboard is a graphic organizer to visually present information and explain
process. It is a set of sequential drawings to tell a story. It is time for you to
make your own. Complete the storyboard showing how fossil fuels are formed.
If the picture is given, write a short description about the process shown. If the
description is given, draw or illustrate the stated process.

Scene 1 Scene 2 Scene 3

Millions of years ago,

The plant and animal
dead plants and animals
remains eventually form
fall into seas and
coal far underground.
swamps.

Scene 4 Scene 5 Scene 6

Natural gas and crude oil

formed in the same way,
and they are used for
heating, cooking, and
electricity generation.

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 What I Can
Do
Let’s Save Energy!
Philippines depends primarily on fossil fuel as a main source of energy.
Coal is one of the major sources of electricity in Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao.
Since this source is nonrenewable, it means there will be a time that it will
perish. By showing your support in the preservation of electricity in our country,
make your own infographics that highlight and explain different ways to help
reduce energy consumption.

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 Assessme
nt
Multiple Choice. Read and analyze the following questions. Choose the letter of
the best answer. Write your answer on your separate sheet of paper.

1. Non-renewable energy resources are those that cannot be readily

replaced natural substance. Which of the following are examples of
renewable energy?
1. coal 2. water 3. wind 4. solar energy

A. 1, 2 and 3 C. 1, 3 and 4
B. 1, 2 and 4 D. 2, 3 and 4

2. Which energy resources is derived from natural organic materials?

A. fossil fuelsB. geothermal C. solar D. wind

3. Which of the following statements is/are incorrect?

I. Philippines has the largest coal production in the world.
II. Oil, coal, and natural gas are examples of renewable energy.
III. Non-renewable energy is finite; they can’t be used for a second time.

A. I only B. II only C. III only D. I and II

4. Malampaya is one of the fossil fuel reservoirs of the Philippines situated in

the island of Palawan. What type of fossil fuel is harnessed in it?
A. coal B. coal and oil C. natural gas D. oil

5. Based on the department of energy 2017 power statistics, coal is the main
source of energy in the Philippines. What do you think might happen if
coal reserves run out?
A. It will result to decreasing number of air pollutants.
B. It will decrease the energy resources present in the Philippines.
C. It will not affect Philippine economy because it is an infinite resource.
D. both A & B

6. Which among the fossil fuel is the cleanest, odorless, and colorless?
A. coal B. coal and oil C. natural gas D. oil

7. Which of the following is the correct decreasing order of the types of

coal based on the quality?
A. anthracite, bituminous, subbituminous and lignite
B. anthracite, lignite, bituminous and subbituminous
C. lignite, anthracite, subbituminous and bituminous
D. lignite, subbituminous, bituminous and anthracite

8. What are the essential factors involved in the formation of fossil fuel?
A. pressure and temperature
B. pressure and low oxygen environment
C. pressure, temperature, and low oxygen environment
D. pressure, temperature, and high oxygen environment

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9. Which of the following fossil fuels is formed from organic materials which
are mostly algae?
A. carbon B. natural gas C. oil D. oil and coal

10.Coal is considered as non-renewable energy source because .

A. it is sustainable
B. it is expensive to mine
C. it takes millions of years to form
D. it can be regenerated or replaced

11.Fossil fuels are formed million years ago from different materials. Which
of the following is not its component?
A. remains of animals C. remains of all vegetation
B. remains of bacteria D. remains of volcanic ashes

12.Which of the following factors contribute to the formation of fossil fuels?

A. water and air C. heat and pressure
B. carbon and oxygen D. oxygen and carbon dioxide

13.Coal is one of the major types of fossil fuels. In which types of organic
matter does coal come from?
A. mostly algae C. dissolve minerals from rocks
B. marine organisms D. forest trees, plants and marshes

14.Which of the following statements is incorrect?

I. Natural gas is not a fossil fuel.
II. Coal, natural gas, and oil are fossil fuels.
III. Fossil fuels are man-made energy source.
IV. Coal is the most expensive energy source in the world.

A. I, II and III B. I, III and IV C. I, II and IV D. II, III and IV

15.Which of the following is the first event in fossil fuel formation?

A. They are then able to turn it into products we can use, such as petrol
and diesel.
B. Millions of years ago, the remains of prehistoric plants and animals
were buried at the bottom of the Earth.
C. The plants and animals remains were altered chemically by this
process and slowly changed into crude oil and natural gas.
D. The mud sediment was buried by more sediments, and it started to
change into rock as the temperature and pressure increased.

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 Additional
Activities
Reflect and Conserve!
Search on fossil fuel deposits that can be found in the Philippines.
Determine its location, abundance, and type. Make a short reflection based on
your findings.

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Answer
Key

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References

Books:

Pulido, M. C., Lopez, C. C, & Cantero, C. T. (2017). Earth Science:

Lorimar Publishing, Inc.

Olivar, J., Rodolfo, R., & Cabria, H. (2016). Exploring Life Through
Science Series: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

Online Resources:

Retrieved on May 21, 2020:

https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/fossil_fuel.htm (from Wikipedia, the
free encyclopedia)

Retrieved on May 22, 2020:

https://www.storyboardthat.com/storyboards/11slong/fossil-fuel-formation
(by 11slong Updated: 11/14/2018)

Retrieved on May 28, 2020:

https://www.rappler.com/brandrap/finance-and-industries/what-is-next-natural-
gas-philippines(Source:Department of Energy 2017 Power Statistics)

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
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Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600 Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-498
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