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Mass weight density igcse

The document covers key concepts in physics related to mass, weight, and density, explaining that mass is the amount of matter in an object and does not change regardless of location, while weight is the gravitational force acting on that mass. It describes methods for measuring mass and weight, as well as how to calculate density using mass and volume. Additionally, it explains the principles of buoyancy, indicating that an object will float or sink based on its density relative to the fluid it is in.

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25 views8 pages

Mass weight density igcse

The document covers key concepts in physics related to mass, weight, and density, explaining that mass is the amount of matter in an object and does not change regardless of location, while weight is the gravitational force acting on that mass. It describes methods for measuring mass and weight, as well as how to calculate density using mass and volume. Additionally, it explains the principles of buoyancy, indicating that an object will float or sink based on its density relative to the fluid it is in.

Uploaded by

adanmirza.study
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GRADE 9 PHYSICS NOTES -1

BLOCK: 1-General Physics


1.3​ MASS AND WEIGHT & 1.4 DENSITY

1.3​ Mass and weight

●​ Mass (measured in kilograms, kg) is related to the amount of matter in an object.


●​ It depends on the number of molecules in the matter and does not depend on acceleration
due gravity. Therefore an object would have same mass on Earth and on the Moon.
●​ The beam balance or top-pan balance is used to measure the mass of a body.
●​ Weight (measured in newtons, N) is the gravitational force on a mass.
●​ The size of this force depends on the gravitational field strength ( g ).
●​ Weight is measured by using spring balance or newton meter.

weight​ =​ mass X gravitational field strength

W​ =​ m​ g

w-weight (UNIT :newton N)

m- mass​ (in Kg)

g-​gravitational field strength or acceleration due to gravity.

​ The value of g (the gravitational field strength) varies from planet to planet.
​ On Earth:

g​ ≈​ 9.8 N / kg or​ 9.8 m/s2

An object would have different weight on the Earth and on the Moon because of the change of
gravity. The weight (and hence mass) of two objects can be compared using a balance.

​ If mass is given in grams, you might need to convert to kilograms by dividing the mass
by 1000 ,to get weight in Newton.

​ The greater the mass of an object, the more difficult it is to speed it up, slow it down
or change its direction.
​ The greater the mass, the greater the weight.

​ To find the mass using spring balance: Hang the object. note down the w
Mass= weight/g

​ To find the mass of tiny objects-- measure the mass of , say , 50 pins using a
balance, then divide the total mass by 50 to get the average mass of one pin

​ 1.4 Density

Volume: It is the space occupied by an object.Measuring cylinders can be used to


measure the volume of liquids or by measuring the change in volume, the volume of an
irregular shape. SI unit of volume is m3.​ Other unit : cm3 ,litre (l),ml​ 1m3 =
1000 cm3

Volume of liquid ●​ Step1: fill the measuring cylinder Step2:


with liquid. Volume of liquid = height
in calibrated cylinder

Volume of ●​ Step2:using ruler make a ●​ Step3:use mathematical


regular object couple of length formula
eg: cube: measurements ●​ Eg: volume =
length x breadth x height

Apparatus: ruler
Volume of ●​ Step1:Take a measuring cylinder is ●​ Step3:When you add the
irregular solids : about 2 or 3 times larger than object object, it displaces the
partially fill water, enough to cover water, making the water
eg: rock object. level rise. Measure this
Displacement ●​ To measure the volume of an irregular rise. This is the volume
method object you have to put the object into of your object.
measuring cylinder ●​ Volume of irregular object
with water. = final volume – initial
volume
=v2 – v1

•​Density tells us how compact the mass is in a material.


Density is the amount of mass of a substance that fits in a given volume
Density = mass / volume​ Unit of density is g/cm3 or kg/m3
Determine density

Density of ●​ Step1:Find the volume ●​ Step2: ●​ Step3:


Liquid using measuring Find mass: place a then use the formula
cylinder measuring cylinder on Density = mass /
a balance, note down volume
the mass (m1) then fill
the measuring cylinder
with some liquid. Note
down the mass (m2)
mass of the liquid =
change in mass
= m2 – m 1
Density of ●​ Step1:find the volume ●​ Step2:find mass ●​ Step3:then use
Regular : using ruler make a :keep the object on the formula
solid: couple of length weighing balance Density = mass /
measurements and use volume
mathematical formula
Density of ●​ Step1:find the volume find mass :keep the then use the formula
Irregular solid by displacement object on weighing Density = mass /
eg: rock method balance volume
●​ you have to put the
irregular object
into measuring
cylinder with
water.
●​ When you add the
object it displaces the
water, making the
water level rise.
Measure this rise.
This is the volume of
your object
Volume = final volume –
initial volume
=v2 – v1
sink or float
1.​An object in liquid

​ The density of an object determines whether it will float or sink in another substance.

​ An object will float if it is less dense than the liquid it is placed in.

​ An object will sink if it is more dense than the liquid it is placed in

​ In general, an object will float in a liquid if the average density of that object is less than the
density of the liquid it is placed in
​ Water, for example, has a density of about 1 g/cm3
o​ If an object has a density of less than 1 g/cm3 then it will float in water
o​ If an object has a density that is greater than 1 g/cm3 then it will sink in water
Diagram showing the relationship between an object’s density and its ability to float in water
2.​Liquid floats on another liquid

Why does the alcohol float on the oil?

alcohol floats because it is less dense than the oil

Why does the water sink in the oil?


Water sinks because it is more dense than oil.

Just like solids, liquids are made from atoms and molecules, which have a certain mass and size.
Depending on the mass of the molecules that make up a liquid and how closely they pack together,
liquids have their own densities.

●​ Each liquid has its own characteristic density.


●​ The density of a liquid determines whether it will float on or sink in another liquid.
●​ A liquid will float if it is less dense than the liquid it is placed in.
●​ A liquid will sink if it is more dense than the liquid it is placed in.

IMPORTANT EQUATIONS

W​ =​ m​ g​ ;​ g= 9.8 m/s2

Volume of cube = l b h

Volume of irregular object = final volume – intial volume

Density = mass / volume

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