HPSC ASSISTANT

PROFESSOR ENGLISH
PAPER –II WITH
SOLUTION BY YOGESH
TIWARI

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HPSC ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ENGLISH PAPER –II WITH
SOLUTION BY YOGESH TIWARI

1. In the well-known poem "To His Coy Mistress," the word coy
means:
(a) shy
(b) timid
(c) voluptuous
(d) sensuous
Ans: (a) Andrew Marvell's poem "To His Coy Mistress" employs
the term "coy" to describe a woman's playful shyness or
reluctance to engage in a romantic relationship, illustrating the
speaker's desire for her to overcome her hesitations. The poem is
structured as a passionate argument that combines wit and
seduction, contrasting the fleeting nature of time with the
speaker's intense affection. By addressing the theme of love's
urgency, Marvell's speaker attempts to persuade his mistress to
seize the moment and embrace physical intimacy, as he
emphasizes the limitations imposed by time. The poem's playful
language and rhetorical strategies effectively highlight the tension
between romantic idealism and the harsh realities of mortality,
making it a quintessential example of Metaphysical poetry.

2. "Can one imagine any private soldier, in the nineties or now,

reading Barrack-Room Ballads and feeling that here was a writer who
spoke for him? It is very hard to do so. [...] When he is writing not of
British but of 'loyal' Indians he carries the 'Salaam, Sahib' motif to
sometimes disgusting lengths. Yet it remains true that he has far more
interest in the common soldier, far more anxiety that he shall get a fair
deal, than most of the 'liberals' of his day and our own. He sees that
the soldier is neglected, meanly underpaid and hypocritically despised
by the people whose incomes he safeguards."
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(a) This is E. M. Forster's India, Again.
(b) This is Malcolm Muggeridge on E. M. Forster's India.
(c) This is T. S. Eliot on Rudyard Kipling.
(d) This is George Orwell on Rudyard Kipling.
Ans: (d) In his essay "Rudyard Kipling," George Orwell critiques
Kipling's complex legacy, particularly focusing on how Kipling's
upbringing in colonial India influenced his worldview and literary
output. Despite his deep admiration for the British Empire,
Kipling's "Barrack-Room Ballads" portray the lives of British
soldiers stationed in colonial territories, emphasizing their
struggles and experiences while simultaneously exposing the
inherent contradictions of imperialism. Orwell argues that while
Kipling celebrated the virtues of the British soldier, he also
inadvertently revealed the disdain and neglect that these soldiers
faced from the society they were meant to serve, thus reflecting a
broader commentary on class and colonial attitudes. Through his
analysis, Orwell highlights the ambivalence in Kipling's work,
illustrating how it both glorifies and critiques the imperial
enterprise, ultimately complicating the notion of Kipling as solely
a colonialist or racist figure.

3. In Virginia Woolf's To the Lighthouse, the lighthouse does not

symbolize:
(a) permanence at the heart of change
(b) change in the unchanging world
(c) celebration of life in the heart of death
(d) celebration of order in the heart of chaos
Ans: (bIn Virginia Woolf’s To the Lighthouse, the lighthouse
serves as a multifaceted symbol representing not only the quest
for artistic inspiration and the passage of time but also the
enduring presence of memory and the complexities of human
relationships. Throughout the narrative, the lighthouse stands as
a fixed point on the horizon that draws the characters’ attention
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and longing, embodying their desires for connection,
understanding, and fulfillment in the face of life's transitory
nature. As the characters grapple with their individual struggles
and aspirations, the lighthouse reflects their inner lives and
transformations, acting as a beacon of hope and aspiration while
simultaneously emphasizing the elusiveness of meaning and the
inevitability of change. This duality of the lighthouse as both a
source of illumination and a reminder of the distances between
people encapsulates Woolf's exploration of existence and the
human condition, ultimately reinforcing the novel's central
themes of perception, reality, and the interplay of art and life.

4. The concept that creation was ordered, with every species in a

hierarchy from God to the lowest creature, was prevalent in the
Renaissance. In this continuum, man occupies the middle position
between animals and angels. This worldview is known as:
(a) Humanism
(b) The Enlightenment
(c) The Great Chain of Being
(d) Calvinism
Ans: (c) The Great Chain of Being, a concept rooted in medieval
Christian theology and philosophy, posits a strict hierarchical
order of creation that reflects the divine will and organization of
the universe, illustrating a continuum where every entity has its
predetermined place and role, with God at the apex as the
ultimate source of existence and perfection. Below God, the
hierarchy includes various levels of angels, each representing
different degrees of divine authority and purity, followed by
humans, who possess both spiritual and corporeal qualities, thus
bridging the celestial and terrestrial realms. This continuum
continues downward through the animal kingdom, which is
categorized based on complexity and sentience, to the plant
kingdom, regarded as the lowest form of life, ultimately
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culminating in minerals, which are considered lifeless yet essential
components of creation. The Great Chain of Being not only
reflects the medieval worldview of a divinely ordered cosmos but
also underscores the interconnectedness of all beings,
emphasizing that disruption of this hierarchy could lead to chaos
and moral disorder in the universe.

5. William Shakespeare's Julius Caesar, Antony and Cleopatra, and

Coriolanus are based on:
(a) Holinshed’s Chronicles
(b) Folk-tales and legends
(c) Older Roman Plays
(d) Plutarch’s Lives
Ans: (d) Shakespeare’s Roman plays, including Julius Caesar,
Antony and Cleopatra, Coriolanus, and Timon of Athens, draw
heavily from Plutarch’s Lives, a series of biographies that provide
a moral and political framework for understanding the
complexities of character and power in Roman history; these
works were translated into English by Thomas North in 1579 and
became a significant source for Shakespeare's exploration of
themes like ambition, loyalty, and the tragic flaws of his
characters. In contrast, his English history plays, such as Henry
IV and Richard III, are primarily influenced by Holinshed's
Chronicles, a comprehensive account of British history that
offered a narrative of kings, battles, and the tumultuous political
landscape of England, thus allowing Shakespeare to dramatize
the intricacies of power dynamics and the human condition within
the historical context of his native land.

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6. The following is an exchange between two characters, husband and
wife, in a famous play. The lines appear at the very end of an
emotionally charged scene in the last scene:
“... I've stopped believing in miracles.”
“But I'll believe. Tell me!
Transform ourselves to the point that ...?”
“That our living together could be a true marriage.”
(She goes out down the hall.)
Which play? Name the characters.

(a) Othello. Othello, Desdemona

(b) Sure Thing. Bill, Betty
(c) A Doll's House. Helmer, Nora
(d) Death of a Salesman. Willy, Linda

Ans: (c) In Henrik Ibsen's A Doll's House, the pivotal exchange

between Torvald Helmer and Nora reveals the underlying
tensions in their marriage, as Nora comes to the profound
realization that Torvald’s affection is conditional and rooted in a
paternalistic view that reduces her to a mere plaything or "doll,"
rather than as an equal partner; this moment of self-awareness
propels her towards a radical decision to abandon her domestic
life and seek independence, challenging the traditional gender
roles of the time and emphasizing Ibsen's critique of societal
expectations surrounding marriage and femininity. Through this
dramatic climax, Ibsen explores themes of self-discovery, the
quest for identity, and the moral complexities of love and
sacrifice, ultimately leading to a powerful assertion of female
agency.

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7. Which of the following statements is not true of Foucault’s position
in History of Sexuality?

(a) Modern sexuality is produced through and as discourse.(b) The

proliferation of modern discourses of sexuality is more striking than
their suppression.

(c) To write historically about sexuality involves increasingly direct,

immediate knowledge or understanding of an unchanging sexual
essence.

(d) Modern sexuality is intimately entangled with the historically

distinctive contexts and structures now called "knowledge."

Ans: (c)In Michel Foucault's seminal work History of Sexuality,

he challenges the notion of a fixed or unchanging sexual essence,
arguing instead that sexuality is historically contingent and
shaped by various social, cultural, and political forces. The claim
that writing historically about sexuality requires an
understanding of an immutable sexual essence contradicts
Foucault's central thesis, which posits that sexual identities and
practices are not inherent or constant but are constructed
through discourse and power relations. Foucault emphasizes that
the historical study of sexuality should focus on how various
institutions, like the state and the medical community, have
influenced societal perceptions of sexuality and sexuality’s
regulation over time. Thus, while the other statements may align
with Foucault's views on the historical and socially constructed
nature of sexuality, the assertion of an unchanging essence does
not reflect his perspective.

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8. Identify the poem that opens with the lines:
"I walk through the long schoolroom questioning;
A kind old nun in a white hood replies;
The children learn to cipher and to sing…"

(a) Among the Schoolchildren

(b) Among School Children

(c) A Man Young and Old

(d) The Man Young and Old

Ans: (b) In William Butler Yeats's poem "Among School
Children," published in his 1928 collection The Tower, the
speaker reflects on the passage of time and the nature of aging
during a visit to a convent school in Waterford, Ireland. The
poem opens with Yeats walking through a schoolroom, engaging
with the children and an elderly nun, who represents both
wisdom and the nurturing aspect of education. The lines establish
a contemplative tone as Yeats questions the children about their
learning, which includes both practical skills like "cipher" and
artistic expressions such as "sing." This interaction serves as a
backdrop for Yeats's deeper musings on the intersection of youth
and age, the essence of knowledge, and the impact of education on
personal identity, ultimately exploring the themes of memory,
mortality, and the enduring influence of the past on the present.

9. Which of the following descriptions is not true of Peter Carey’s

The True History of the Kelly Gang?

(a) It is an epistolary novel.

(b) It has such characters as Edward Kelly, his mother, and his wife.
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(c) It is also about the Bush and the frontier.

(d) The novel is dedicated to Edward Kelly’s father.

Ans: (d) "True History of the Kelly Gang," published in 2000 by

Peter Carey, is an epistolary novel that chronicles the life of Ned
Kelly, one of Australia's most infamous bushrangers and outlaws.
The narrative is presented through a series of letters and diary
entries, providing a deeply personal and immersive insight into
Kelly's life and motivations. Alongside Ned, key characters
include his father John "Red" Kelly, his mother Ellen Kelly,
fellow bushranger Harry Power, and his siblings Dan and Steve
Hart, as well as Mary Hearn, a significant figure in his life. The
novel poignantly features Kelly's dedication to his unborn
daughter, reflecting his hopes and aspirations for the future
amidst his tumultuous life. In recognition of its innovative
storytelling and historical significance, Peter Carey was awarded
the Booker Prize in 2001, solidifying the novel's place in
contemporary Australian literature and its exploration of themes
such as identity, resistance, and the complexities of heroism.

10. By "language transfer" is meant:

(a) Knowledge generated in the development of a learner on account

of other domains of knowledge.

(b) The carryover of rules of the mother tongue syntax, phonology, or

semantic system to the second language in question.

(c) The carryover of rules of the second language syntax, phonology,

or semantic system to the mother tongue in question.

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(d) The vocabulary and sentence structure transferred haphazardly
during second language acquisition from any other language accessed
by the learner.

Ans: (b) Language transfer refers to the influence that a learner's

native language (L1) has on their acquisition and use of a second
language (L2). This phenomenon can manifest in various aspects
of language, including syntax (the arrangement of words and
phrases), phonology (the sound system and pronunciation), and
semantics (meaning). For example, a speaker of Spanish learning
English might apply Spanish syntax when forming sentences in
English, leading to structures that may sound unusual to native
English speakers. Similarly, phonological transfer could result in
a Spanish speaker pronouncing English words with a Spanish
accent, affecting intelligibility. Understanding language transfer
is crucial in second language acquisition as it can both facilitate
learning, through the recognition of similarities, and hinder it,
due to interference from the native language's rules and patterns.

11. More’s Utopia displays strong influence of:

I. The Arthurian legends

II. Plato’s Republic

III. Amerigo Vespucci’s account of the travels

IV. The teachings of John Wycliffe

The correct combination according to the code is:

(a) I and III are correct

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(b) II and III are correct

(c) II and IV are correct

(d) I and IV are correct

Ans: (b) Utopia, written by Sir Thomas More and published in
1516 in Latin, presents an idealized society that explores themes
of communism, justice, and equality, drawing significant
inspiration from Plato's Republic. More's depiction of a perfect
society reflects his critiques of contemporary European social,
political, and religious practices, promoting ideas of communal
living and shared resources. Additionally, More linked his vision
of Utopia to the explorations of Amerigo Vespucci, whose travel
accounts highlighted new worlds and possibilities, thereby
situating his narrative within the context of emerging global
awareness. The work was eventually translated into English in
1551, making its ideas more accessible and influencing subsequent
discussions on political philosophy and social reform in Europe.

12. During the colonial era, the British used to call the Indian
languages "vernaculars." We do not use this word for our bhashas
because:

I. We consider English to be equally vernacular.

II. Verna is, literally, a home-born slave.
III. Not all Indian languages are languages of
the Indo-European family, and therefore not
all vernacular.
(a) IV
(b) II and IV
(c) III
(d) I and III

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Ans {C) The term "vernacular" during the colonial era was used
by the British to refer to local languages in India, distinguishing
them from English, which was considered the language of
administration and higher culture. The question seeks to explain
why we do not use the term "vernacular" for our bhashas
(languages) today.This statement reflects a viewpoint that
challenges the hierarchical distinction made during colonial
times.

13. "I have known three generations of John Smiths. The type breeds
true. John Smith II and III went to the same school, university, and
learned profession as John Smith I. Yet John Smith I wrote pseudo-
Swinburne; John Smith II wrote pseudo-Brooke; and John Smith III is
now writing pseudo-Eliot. But unless John Smith can write John
Smith, however unfashionable the result, why does he bother to write
at all? Surely one Swinburne; one Brooke, and one Eliot are enough
in any age?"

(Robert Graves, "The Poet and his Public")

1. Graves is critical of blind adulation and imitation of successful

poets.

2. Graves is critical of blind conformity to standards set by

Swinburne, Brooke, and Eliot.

3. Swinburne, Brooke, and Eliot represent the movements:

Decadence, the Georgian, and Modernist respectively.

4. The poets in question are Algernon Charles Swinburne, Stopford

Brooke, and Thomas Stearns Eliot.

(a) Only 1 and 2 are correct

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(b) Only 4 is incorrect

(c) Only 3 and 4 are correct

(d) Only 3 is incorrect

Ans: (b)In his critique, Graves emphasizes the importance of

individual creativity and authenticity in poetry, arguing that each
poet must engage with their own unique experiences and
perspectives rather than simply replicating the styles and themes
of their illustrious predecessors, such as Swinburne's exploration
of sensuality and mortality, Brooke's romantic nationalism, or
Eliot's complex modernist sentiments, thereby warning against
the dangers of artistic complacency and the loss of genuine voice
that can arise from excessive reverence for established literary
figures.

14. Select from among the following plays, the one that best suits the
description below:

I. Alyque Padamsee invited its author to write it.

II. The play had communalism as its theme.

III. This play was banned from the Deccan Herald Theatre Festival for
dealing with a sensitive issue.

IV. The play, however, was produced by Playpen in Bangalore in July

1993. The play is:

(a) Dance Like a Man

(b) Where There’s a Will

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(c) Final Solutions

(d) The Wisest Fool on Earth

Ans: (c) Final Solutions explores the themes of communalism and

the complexities of identity in India, presenting the struggles of its
characters as they confront their biases and the societal tensions
arising from religious divisions, ultimately highlighting the urgent
need for dialogue and understanding in a nation fraught with
conflict; the play's creation was significantly influenced by the
communal riots, serving as a poignant commentary on the impact
of such violence on personal relationships and the broader social
fabric, which contributed to its controversial reception and
subsequent censorship at theater festivals.

15. Which of the following arrangements is in the correct

chronological sequence?

(a) The Castle of Otranto - Melmoth the Wanderer - The Monk - The
Mysteries of Udolpho

(b) The Castle of Otranto - The Mysteries of Udolpho - The Monk -

Melmoth the Wanderer

(c) The Mysteries of Udolpho - The Castle of Otranto - The Monk -

Melmoth the Wanderer

(d) Melmoth the Wanderer - The Castle of Otranto - The Mysteries of

Udolpho - The Monk

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Ans: (b) The given works are examples of Gothic novels:

The Castle of Otranto by Horace Walpole - 1764

The Mysteries of Udolpho by Ann Radcliffe - 1794

The Monk by Matthew Gregory Lewis - 1796

Melmoth the Wanderer by Charles Maturin - 1820

16. I. A. Richards’ Practical Criticism (1929) inaugurated a new phase

in the history of English critical thought. What was this book’s
subtitle?

(a) Studies in Poetry

(b) A Study in Literary Judgement

(c) Essays and Studies

(d) A Theoretical Guide

Ans: (b)I.A. Richards’ Practical Criticism, published in 1929 with
the subtitle A Study in Literary Judgment, is groundbreaking
because it shifts the focus of literary criticism from the author
and their intentions to the text itself, advocating for an objective
analysis based on readers’ responses to the text; this approach
emphasizes the importance of understanding the work as an
independent entity, free from biographical and historical context,
thus laying the groundwork for future movements in literary
theory, including New Criticism, which similarly prioritizes close
reading and textual analysis over external influences.

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17. In his work "A Short View of the Immorality and Profaneness of
the English Stage," Jeremy Collier specifically arraigned __________
and __________.

(a) Congreve and Vanbrugh

(b) Farquhar and Vanbrugh

(c) Wycherley and Farquhar

(d) Congreve and Etherege

Ans: (a) Jeremy Collier, an influential English theatre critic,
bishop, and theologian, gained notoriety for his scathing criticism
of contemporary playwrights in his seminal work A Short View of
the Immorality and Profaneness of the English Stage (1698),
where he specifically targeted writers such as William Wycherly,
John Dryden, William Congreve, John Vanbrugh, and Thomas
D’Urfey. Collier argued that these playwrights contributed to the
moral decay of society by depicting vice in a sympathetic light and
promoting themes of profanity, blasphemy, and indecency,
ultimately calling for a reformation of the stage to uphold public
morality and ethical standards in literature.

18. The author of the book observes, "I have attempted, through the
medium of biography, to present some Victorian visions to the
modern eye.” The four main characters in this book are Cardinal
Manning, Florence Nightingale, Dr. Arnold, and General Gordon.
Who is this author?

(a) Matthew Arnold

(b) Robert Browning

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(c) Lytton Strachey

(d) Oscar Wilde

Ans: (c) Lytton Strachey, a prominent figure in the Bloomsbury

Group, gained critical acclaim for his 1918 work Eminent
Victorians, which offers a series of insightful and often
unconventional biographies of four notable Victorian
personalities: Cardinal Henry Manning, whose influence was
significant in the Catholic Church; Florence Nightingale, the
pioneering nurse and social reformer who established modern
nursing; Dr. Thomas Arnold, an influential educator and
headmaster of Rugby School, known for his role in shaping
educational reforms; and General Charles Gordon, a national
hero remembered for his military service and tragic death in
Sudan. Strachey's work is characterized by its blend of wit and
critical analysis, challenging traditional reverence for these
historical figures and presenting them with a modern sensibility.

19. "Open form" as applied to poetry is the same as __________. It is

poetry that is not written according to traditional fixed patterns. (Fill
in the blank)

(a) Blank verse

(b) Concrete poetry

(c) L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E poetry

(d) Free verse

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Ans: (d) Free verse, which is often called open form verse or vers
libre, is characterized by its lack of a fixed metrical structure,
allowing poets to create lines of varying lengths and rhythms that
mirror natural speech, thus giving them greater freedom to
express ideas and emotions without the constraints of traditional
rhyme or meter.

20. Ian McEwan’s Saturday spans one day in the life of:

(a) A divorce lawyer

(b) An aging pianist

(c) A London neurosurgeon

(d) A famous poet

Ans: (c) In Saturday (2005), Ian McEwan intricately weaves the

life of Henry Perowne, a successful neurosurgeon, as he navigates
a single day in Fitzrovia, London, amidst the backdrop of the
February 15, 2003, anti-war protest against the impending U.S.
invasion of Iraq, exploring themes of personal and political
conflict, the fragility of life, and the intersection of the private and
public spheres. Throughout the narrative, Perowne's
introspection reveals his anxieties about family, career, and the
state of the world, ultimately highlighting the tensions between
individual experience and broader societal issues.

21. This periodical had the stated aim "to enliven morality with wit
and to temper wit with morality... to bring philosophy out of the
closets and libraries, schools and colleges, to dwell in clubs and
assemblies, at tea-tables and coffee houses." It also promoted family,
marriage, and courtesy. The periodical referred to is:
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(a) The Tatler

(b) The Spectator

(c) The Gentleman’s Magazine

(d) The London Magazine

Ans: (b) The Spectator was notable not only for its engaging
essays that combined humor and moral philosophy but also for its
innovative use of fictional characters to embody various social
perspectives, with Sir Roger de Coverley representing the genteel
country squire, Sir Andrew Freeport as the shrewd merchant,
Captain Sentry illustrating military bravado, and Will
Honeycomb exemplifying the libertine spirit of urban society,
while the Templar and the Clergyman provided contrasting views
on matters of faith and ethics, enriching the publication's
discourse on contemporary issues of the early 18th century and
influencing the development of the modern periodical. Through
its distinctive blend of wit and moral commentary, the Spectator
helped to shape public opinion and foster a sense of shared
cultural identity among its readers.

22. The opening sentence of Tolstoy’s Anna Karenina, “Happy

families are all alike; every unhappy family is unhappy in its own
way,” points to a specific cause of unhappiness in the Oblonsky
household. The cause was the husband’s affair with:

(a) a kitchen maid

(b) an English governess

(c) a French governess

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(d) a socialite
Ans: (c) Mademoiselle Roland's affair with Stiva Oblonsky serves
as a catalyst for the exploration of marital discord in Anna
Karenina, where Tolstoy intricately examines the moral
complexities of infidelity and the consequences it brings not only
to individual relationships but also to the broader social fabric,
highlighting the stark contrasts between the obligations of family
life and personal desires. Through characters like Anna, who
struggles with her passionate love for Count Vronsky against
societal expectations, and Levin, who embodies the conflict
between the agrarian ideal and the superficiality of urban
existence, Tolstoy critiques the rigid social structures of 19th-
century Russia while delving into profound philosophical
questions about the nature of love, happiness, and the search for
authenticity in a world fraught with hypocrisy and
disillusionment.

23. Identify the novel with the incorrect subtitle listed below:

(a) Middlemarch: A Study of Provincial Life

(b) Tess of the D’Urbervilles: A Pure Woman

(c) The Mayor of Casterbridge: A Man of Character

(d) Felix Holt: The Socialist

Ans: (d) George Eliot's Felix Holt, the Radical is set against the
backdrop of the political upheaval surrounding the First Reform
Act of 1832, portraying the struggles of its titular character, a
passionate and idealistic young man who seeks to instigate social
change in a conservative English town. The novel intricately
weaves themes of class conflict, personal integrity, and the
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challenges of political activism, as Felix navigates the complexities
of love, duty, and social responsibility, particularly in his
relationship with Esther Lyon, who becomes a pivotal figure in
his journey. Eliot's nuanced portrayal of political discourse
contrasts sharply with the rigid social hierarchies of the time,
reflecting her belief in the potential for individual agency to effect
change within a flawed system. Meanwhile, her other significant
work, Middlemarch: A Study of Provincial Life, published in
1871, further explores the intricacies of provincial society and the
lives of its inhabitants, offering a rich tapestry of interconnected
narratives that delve into issues of marriage, idealism, and the
quest for meaning amid societal constraints. In contrast, Thomas
Hardy's novels, The Mayor of Casterbridge: The Life and Death
of a Man of Character (1886) and Tess of the d'Urbervilles: A
Pure Woman Faithfully Presented (1891), examine the tragic
consequences of human desires and societal expectations,
highlighting themes of fate, moral ambiguity, and the harsh
realities faced by individuals in a rapidly changing world.

17. In his work A Short View of the Immorality and Profaneness of

the English Stage, Jeremy Collier specially criticized which two
playwrights?

(a) Congreve and Vanbrugh

(b) Farquhar and Vanbrugh
(c) Wycherley and Farquhar
(d) Congreve and Etherege

Answer: (a)
In his influential work, A Short View of the Immorality and
Profaneness of the English Stage, published in 1698, Jeremy
Collier articulates his concerns regarding the moral implications
of contemporary theatre, arguing that the plays of prominent
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figures such as William Wycherley and John Dryden not only
perpetuated a culture of indecency but also corrupted the values
of society by presenting vice in a favorable light. Collier
meticulously critiques the comedic and dramatic conventions of
his time, asserting that the frequent portrayal of immoral
behavior—such as infidelity, drunkenness, and blasphemy—
served to desensitize audiences to such vices, thereby eroding the
foundations of public morality and virtue. His passionate
arguments call for a reform of the theatrical landscape, urging
playwrights to embrace a more responsible and ethical approach
to their craft, one that prioritizes the upliftment of the audience
rather than indulging in sensationalism and moral degradation.
Collier's critiques not only sparked significant debate within the
literary community but also contributed to the broader discourse
on the relationship between art and morality, challenging the
notion that entertainment should be exempt from ethical scrutiny.

18. Which author stated, "I have attempted, through the medium of
biography, to present some Victorian visions to the modern eye" and
featured Cardinal Manning, Florence Nightingale, Dr. Arnold, and
General Gordon?

(a) Matthew Arnold

(b) Robert Browning
(c) Lytton Strachey
(d) Oscar Wilde

Answer: (c)
In Eminent Victorians, Lytton Strachey employs a distinctive
biographical style that combines rigorous scholarship with a keen
sense of irony and critique, aiming to demystify the larger-than-
life figures of the Victorian era and expose the complexities of
their personalities and contributions to society. The biographies
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of Cardinal Manning, a prominent Catholic leader known for his
advocacy of social justice; Florence Nightingale, the pioneering
nurse whose innovations transformed healthcare and nursing; Dr.
Thomas Arnold, an influential educator and reformer known for
his role in modernizing the British educational system; and
General Gordon, a national hero remembered for his military
exploits and tragic death in Sudan, are not mere hagiographies;
rather, Strachey scrutinizes their motivations, achievements, and
failures, illustrating how their legacies reflect both the virtues and
the flaws of the Victorian ethos. Strachey's work is notable for its
departure from traditional biography, as he interweaves personal
anecdotes and broader historical context, creating a narrative
that is both engaging and thought-provoking, ultimately
challenging readers to reconsider the nature of greatness and the
impact of these individuals on the fabric of British society. By
blending biographical detail with social commentary, Strachey
not only redefined the genre of biography but also contributed to
the ongoing discourse about the complexities of historical figures,
setting a precedent for future biographers to explore the
intricacies of their subjects in a similarly nuanced manner.

19. "Open form" poetry, often referred to as poetry without a

traditional structure, is also known as ____________.

(a) Blank verse

(b) Concrete poetry
(c) L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E poetry
(d) Free verse

Answer: (d)
Free verse, often characterized by its lack of a consistent rhythm
and traditional structures, allows poets the freedom to express
their thoughts and emotions in a more organic and flexible
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manner, reflecting the natural cadences of speech rather than
conforming to conventional poetic forms. This style emerged as a
significant movement in the 19th and 20th centuries, with
influential poets such as Walt Whitman and T.S. Eliot pushing
the boundaries of poetic expression by utilizing varied line
lengths, enjambment, and creative punctuation to enhance the
emotional depth and meaning of their work. Free verse enables
the exploration of diverse themes and subjects without the
constraints of meter, making it an appealing choice for
contemporary poets who seek to capture the complexity of human
experience in a more immediate and personal way. While it lacks
a formal structure, free verse can still exhibit elements of
musicality and rhythm through techniques such as repetition,
alliteration, and imagery, thereby creating a unique aesthetic that
resonates with readers and challenges traditional notions of
poetry. As a result, free verse has become a prominent form in
modern poetry, offering a canvas for innovation and
experimentation that continues to evolve with each generation of
poets.

20. Ian McEwan’s Saturday covers one day in the life of:

(a) A divorce lawyer

(b) An aging pianist
(c) A London neurosurgeon
(d) A famous poet

Answer: (c)
In "Saturday," Ian McEwan intricately weaves together the
personal and political, as the narrative unfolds over the course of
February 15, 2003, a day when London is alive with protests
against the impending invasion of Iraq. The protagonist, Henry
Perowne, navigates his professional responsibilities and familial
24 | P a g e
relationships, showcasing his expertise as a neurosurgeon while
grappling with existential anxieties and moral dilemmas that arise
amidst the backdrop of social unrest. The novel delves deeply into
themes of fear, security, and the fragility of life, exploring how a
single day can alter one’s perspective and sense of agency in an
increasingly chaotic world. As Perowne interacts with various
characters—his family, friends, and the protestors—his
reflections on personal and societal issues challenge the reader to
consider the intersection of individual lives and larger historical
events. Through meticulous prose and psychological insight,
McEwan captures the tension of a pivotal moment in
contemporary history, ultimately prompting an exploration of
how personal choices resonate within the broader context of
global conflict and societal change.

21. Which periodical aimed "to enliven morality with wit and to
temper wit with morality ... to bring philosophy out of the closets and
libraries, schools and colleges, to dwell in clubs and assemblies, at
tea-tables and coffee houses"?

(a) The Tatler

(b) The Spectator
(c) The Gentleman’s Magazine
(d) The London Magazine

Answer: (b)
"The Spectator," which ran from 1711 to 1712, played a pivotal
role in shaping public discourse during the early 18th century by
utilizing a conversational style that engaged readers from various
social backgrounds, encouraging them to reflect on moral issues
while enjoying lighthearted wit. The publication's format allowed
for a diverse range of topics, including contemporary affairs,
social customs, and philosophical ideas, presented through the
25 | P a g e
fictional lens of its various characters, each representing distinct
perspectives within society. Sir Roger de Coverley, an amiable
country gentleman, epitomized traditional values and provided
insight into rural life, while Sir Andrew Freeport represented
mercantile interests and the emerging capitalist ethos of the time.
Will Honeycomb, a fashionable man about town, showcased the
complexities of urban life and social dynamics. Through these
characters and others, Addison and Steele effectively illustrated
the complexities of their society, making "The Spectator" not
only a vehicle for entertainment but also a profound commentary
on the moral and philosophical challenges of the age. This
innovative approach set a precedent for modern journalism and
essay writing, solidifying "The Spectator's" legacy in literary
history.

22. In Tolstoy’s Anna Karenina, the line "Happy families are all alike;
every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way" refers specifically
to the Oblonsky household, which was disrupted by the husband’s
affair with:

(a) A kitchen maid

(b) An English governess
(c) A French governess
(d) A socialite

Answer: (c)
In Leo Tolstoy's "Anna Karenina," the affair between Stiva
Oblonsky and Mademoiselle Roland not only disrupts the familial
harmony of the Oblonsky household but also serves as a catalyst
for broader themes of infidelity, societal hypocrisy, and the
complex nature of love and relationships in 19th-century Russia.
Stiva’s betrayal of his wife, Dolly, triggers a deep emotional crisis
that leads to her despair and a reassessment of her marriage,
26 | P a g e
reflecting the societal expectations of women and the moral
dilemmas faced by individuals in their pursuit of happiness. This
personal conflict is set against the backdrop of a society that
condones male infidelity while harshly judging women for similar
transgressions, thereby highlighting the gender inequalities of the
time. Furthermore, the turmoil caused by Stiva's actions echoes
throughout the novel, influencing the lives of other central
characters, including Anna and her tragic pursuit of love, thereby
intertwining their fates and emphasizing the novel’s exploration
of the intricate interplay between personal choices and societal
norms.

23. Identify the novel with the incorrect subtitle:

(a) Middlemarch: A Study of Provincial Life

(b) Tess of the d'Urbervilles: A Pure Woman
(c) The Mayor of Casterbridge: A Man of Character
(d) Felix Holt: The Socialist

Answer: Felix Holt: The Radical

The full title of George Eliot's novel is "Felix Holt, The Radical,"
and it explores the political tensions and social dynamics of a
small English town during the time of the First Reform Act of
1832, a period marked by significant debate over electoral reform
and the rights of the working class. The character of Felix Holt, a
passionate advocate for social justice and reform, embodies the
radical ideas of the time, challenging the established order and
highlighting the struggles of the lower classes for representation
and equality. Through Felix and other characters, Eliot critiques
the prevailing societal norms and the limitations placed on
individuals based on their social status, ultimately presenting a
nuanced portrayal of the complexities surrounding political
activism, personal ambition, and the moral dilemmas faced by
27 | P a g e
those striving for change in a rigidly hierarchical society. The
novel's focus on radicalism reflects Eliot's engagement with
contemporary political thought and her commitment to exploring
the intersection of individual agency and collective responsibility
in the pursuit of social progress.

24. Why is "Universal Grammar" so named?

(a) It is a set of basic grammatical principles universally followed and

easily recognized by people.
(b) It is a set of basic grammatical principles assumed to be
fundamental to all natural languages.
(c) It is a set of advanced grammatical principles assumed to be
fundamental to all natural languages.
(d) It is a set of universally respected practices that have come, in
time, to be known as grammar.

Answer: (b)
Noam Chomsky's theory of Universal Grammar posits that all
humans are born with an inherent capacity for language,
comprising a set of grammatical principles and structures that
are fundamentally similar across different languages. This idea
suggests that despite the vast diversity of languages around the
world, there exist common underlying features that are part of
our cognitive framework, enabling individuals to acquire
language naturally and efficiently. Chomsky argues that these
universal categories and mechanisms guide the formation of
grammatical structures in any language, thus providing a
theoretical foundation for understanding language acquisition
and the cognitive processes involved. Universal Grammar
challenges the notion that language is solely learned through
environmental exposure, proposing instead that it is a product of
both biological predispositions and social interaction. This
28 | P a g e
perspective has significantly influenced linguistics, cognitive
science, and our understanding of the relationship between
language, thought, and human nature.

25. Who was the first to introduce the vampire trope into English
literature?

(a) Matthew Gregory Lewis

(b) John Polidori
(c) John Stagg
(d) Bram Stoker

Answer: (c)
John Stagg's poem "The Vampire," published in 1810, is often
credited as the first literary work in the English language to
introduce the vampire trope, marking a significant moment in the
evolution of gothic literature. This poem presents a supernatural
being that embodies the eerie and seductive characteristics
typically associated with vampires, such as immortality and a
thirst for blood. Stagg's portrayal diverges from earlier folklore,
presenting the vampire as a complex figure capable of evoking
both horror and fascination. This early representation set the
stage for subsequent literary explorations of vampires,
influencing notable works such as John Polidori's "The
Vampyre" (1819) and Bram Stoker's "Dracula" (1897). Stagg's
poem not only highlights the cultural anxieties surrounding death
and sexuality during its time but also contributes to the
development of the vampire as a compelling symbol within
literature, paving the way for its enduring legacy in horror fiction
and popular culture.

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26. Consider the following statements about deconstructive criticism:

Assertion (A): Deconstructive critics believe that human

interpretations of signs shape their knowledge and existence,
regardless of whether those signs are literary texts or financial
statements.
Reason (R): Humans use signs to function in the world and will likely
continue to do so.

Which of the following is correct?

(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of
(A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of
(A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Answer: (a)

27. In William Blake’s poem A Poison Tree, the speaker’s anger

grows and turns into a:

(a) Cherry
(b) Apple
(c) Orange
(d) Rose

Answer: (b)
In William Blake's poem "A Poison Tree," the speaker articulates
the destructive nature of suppressed anger, which ultimately
takes form as a poisoned apple, symbolizing the toxic
consequences of unexpressed resentment. Throughout the poem,
30 | P a g e
the speaker contrasts the results of expressing anger openly,
which fosters reconciliation, with the consequences of harboring
it, leading to bitterness and deceit. The poisoned apple represents
the culmination of this suppressed anger, illustrating how
nurturing negative feelings can lead to harmful outcomes not just
for the object of that anger, but also for oneself. The imagery of
the apple evokes biblical connotations, particularly the forbidden
fruit from the story of Adam and Eve, suggesting that unchecked
emotions can lead to moral corruption and personal downfall.
Blake's exploration of this theme serves as a cautionary tale about
the importance of addressing feelings rather than allowing them
to fester, thereby highlighting the dangers of emotional repression
and the potential for harm it carries.

28. In Andrew Marvell’s A Dialogue between Soul and Body, which

of the following has the last word?

(a) Body
(b) God
(c) Soul
(d) Satan

Answer: (a)
In Andrew Marvell's poem "To His Coy Mistress," the
concluding dialogue emphasizes the tension between earthly
desires and spiritual aspirations, illustrating the struggle to
reconcile physical love with higher ideals. The Body, as a
personified entity in the poem, represents the carnal and
temporal aspects of human existence, while the preceding stanzas
articulate a longing for a more profound, transcendent
connection. This conflict is encapsulated in the closing argument,
which urges the mistress to embrace the fleeting nature of time
and the inevitability of mortality, advocating for the pursuit of
31 | P a g e
passionate love in the present rather than delaying it for a future
that may never come. By juxtaposing the urgency of physical
desire with the lofty pursuit of spiritual fulfillment, Marvell
highlights the complexities of human experience, ultimately
calling for a balance between the two. The poem's conclusion
serves as a poignant reminder of the inevitability of time and the
importance of seizing the moment, making it a powerful
meditation on love, desire, and the human condition.

29. Among English journals, which one was founded by C. B. Cox, is

currently edited by Colin MacCabe, and includes reviews on film,
culture, language, and political issues?

(a) Wasafiri
(b) Screen
(c) Critical Quarterly
(d) Review of English Studies

Answer: (c)
Critical Quarterly, founded in 1958 by C. B. Cox and A. E.
Dyson, is a prominent academic journal that explores a wide
array of critical and cultural issues. Currently edited by Colin
MacCabe, the journal features articles that engage with
literature, philosophy, and cultural theory, reflecting on both
historical and contemporary topics. It aims to foster
interdisciplinary dialogue and offers a platform for critical
thinking and analysis, addressing the complexities of modern
literary criticism and cultural studies. Over the years, Critical
Quarterly has published significant contributions from various
scholars, making it an influential voice in the academic landscape.
The journal's commitment to examining the interplay between
literature and broader cultural contexts has established it as a

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vital resource for researchers, students, and anyone interested in
the evolving discussions surrounding literature and criticism.

30. In his Anatomy of Melancholy, Robert Burton proposes the

following two principal kinds: I. Love
II. Death
III. Spiritual
IV. Religious
The correct combination according to the code is:

(a) I and II are correct

(b) I and III are correct

(c) I and IV are correct

(d) II and IV are correct

Ans: (c)
The Anatomy of Melancholy, authored by Robert Burton and
published in 1621, is a seminal work that provides an in-depth
exploration of the concept of melancholy, which was understood
in Burton's time as a profound psychological condition. The book
is structured into three main sections: the first part defines
melancholy as an inherent malady that afflicts many individuals,
delving into its causes and symptoms, which Burton attributes to
both physiological and psychological factors. The second part
focuses on potential remedies and cures for melancholy, drawing
on a range of medical, philosophical, and literary sources to
propose various treatments, including lifestyle changes and
psychological interventions. The third part examines the
intersections of love and religion with melancholy, discussing how
these themes contribute to feelings of despair or joy, thus
revealing the complexities of human emotion. Burton's work is
33 | P a g e
notable not only for its comprehensive analysis of melancholy but
also for its rich literary style, erudition, and the integration of
various disciplines, making it a foundational text in the study of
psychology, literature, and the human condition.

31. Of the following characters, which one does not belong to A

House for Mr. Biswas?

(a) Raghu

(b) Ralph Singh

(c) Dehuti

(d) Tara
Ans: (b)
Ralph Singh, the protagonist in V.S. Naipaul’s novel The Mimic
Men, is portrayed as a complex character grappling with his
identity and cultural displacement in a post-colonial society. The
novel explores themes of mimicry and the struggle for self-
definition, reflecting Naipaul's broader concerns about colonial
legacy and personal authenticity. In contrast, the characters
linked to A House for Mr. Biswas, such as Mr. Biswas himself, his
family, and the various members of the Trinidadian community,
provide a narrative centered around the quest for belonging and
the pursuit of home ownership. While Ralph Singh's experiences
emphasize the internal conflicts of mimicry and cultural
dislocation, the characters in A House for Mr. Biswas reflect the
social dynamics and familial struggles inherent in the Caribbean
context, illustrating Naipaul's exploration of identity from
multiple perspectives within his literary oeuvre.

34 | P a g e
32. Which of the following novels is not a Partition novel?

(a) Azadi

(b) Tamas

(c) Clear Light of Day

(d) That Long Silence

Ans: (d)
That Long Silence, a poignant novel by Shashi Deshpande, delves
into the intricacies of man-woman relationships, particularly
focusing on the emotional and societal challenges faced by women
in a patriarchal society. Through the protagonist's journey of self-
discovery and her struggle against silence and repression,
Deshpande highlights themes of identity, personal freedom, and
the impact of societal expectations on individual lives. The novel
garnered the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1989, reflecting its
critical acclaim and the importance of its themes in contemporary
Indian literature. In contrast, Azadi (2001) by Chaman Nahal,
Tamas (1973) by Bhishma Sahani, and Clear Light of Day (1980)
by Anita Desai are significant works that explore the traumatic
and complex experiences surrounding the India-Pakistan
partition. Each of these novels addresses the deep scars left by
communal violence, the struggle for identity in the aftermath of
displacement, and the personal ramifications of historical events,
showcasing how literature can encapsulate the emotional
landscape of a nation grappling with its tumultuous past.

33. “For, though, I’ve no idea what this accoutered frowsty ............ is
worth, It pleases me to stand in silence here.” (Fill in the blank)

35 | P a g e
(a) bar

(b) bam

(c) attic

(d) alcove
Ans: (b)
"The lines from Philip Larkin’s poem Church Going, published
in his 1955 collection The Less Deceived, reflect the speaker's
ambivalence toward the church and its significance. As he stands
in the church, he acknowledges his uncertainty about the value of
the "frowsty bam," or the antiquated and musty surroundings,
which symbolize the church's declining relevance in modern life.
Despite this uncertainty, there is a sense of quiet reverence and
contemplation in the speaker's act of standing in silence,
suggesting an underlying respect for the rituals and traditions
associated with the church. Larkin's exploration of faith, doubt,
and the search for meaning resonates throughout the poem,
highlighting the complex relationship between individuals and
organized religion in a changing society. The church becomes a
site of reflection, where the speaker grapples with existential
questions and the remnants of cultural heritage.

34. “It blurs distinctions among literary, non-literary, and cultural

texts, showing how all three intercirculate, share in, and mutually
constitute each other.” What does “it” in this statement stand for?

(a) Marxism

(b) Structuralism

(c) Formalism
36 | P a g e
(d) New Historicism
Ans: (d)
New Historicism challenges traditional boundaries between
literary, non-literary, and cultural texts, emphasizing that these
categories are interconnected and mutually influential. This
approach posits that literature cannot be fully understood
without considering the historical and cultural contexts in which
it was produced, as well as the political, social, and economic
factors that shape both texts and the societies that create them.
Stephen Greenblatt, a key figure in this movement, argues that
literature and history are intertwined, with each informing the
other. His works illustrate how cultural narratives and power
dynamics play a critical role in shaping literary works, suggesting
that texts are not merely reflections of their time but active
participants in the historical discourse. By blurring these
distinctions, New Historicism encourages a more holistic
understanding of texts and their implications within the broader
tapestry of cultural history.

35. From the following list, identify “backformation”: sulk, bulk,

stoke, poke, swindle, bundle.

(a) Sulk, bulk, stoke, poke

(b) Stoke, poke, swindle, bundle

(c) Sulk, stoke, bundle

(d) Bulk, poke, bundle

37 | P a g e
Ans: (d)
Backformation is a linguistic process in which a new word is
created by removing a real or imagined affix from an existing
word. This often results in the formation of a simpler form that
appears to be the root or base of the original word. For example,
the noun "sulky" (meaning "sullen" or "moody") leads to the
verb "sulk" by dropping the "-y" suffix. Similarly, "bulky,"
which describes something that is large and cumbersome, gives
rise to the noun "bulk." Other instances of backformation include
"stoke," derived from "stoker" (someone who feeds fuel to a fire),
and "poke," which comes from "poker" (a tool used for stirring).
The noun "swindle," referring to a fraudulent scheme, is formed
from "swindler," while "bundle" is created from "bundler,"
which refers to someone who ties things together. These examples
illustrate how backformation reflects the dynamic and evolving
nature of language.

sulk < sulky

bulk < bulky
stoke < stoker
poke < poker
swindle < swindler
bundle < bundler

36. “Late capitalism,” by which is meant accelerated technological

development and the massive extension of intellectually qualified
labor, was first popularized by:

(a) Terry Eagleton

(b) Ernst Mandel

(c) Raymond Williams

38 | P a g e
(d) Stanley Fish
Ans: (b)
The term "late capitalism" was popularized by German theorist
Ernst Mandel to describe the advanced stage of capitalism that
emerged in the aftermath of World War II, particularly from the
late 1940s to the early 1970s. According to Mandel, this period
was characterized by significant economic and social
transformations, including the proliferation of multinational
corporations, the expansion of mass communication technologies,
and the increasing complexity of international finance. Late
capitalism is often associated with the globalization of markets,
consumer culture, and the shift toward a service-oriented
economy, which together reshaped the dynamics of class relations
and labor within capitalist societies. Mandel's analysis highlights
the contradictions and challenges inherent in this phase,
suggesting that it is marked by both unprecedented growth and
deepening social inequalities.

37. G.M. Hopkins’s “The Windhover” is dedicated:

(a) To Christ, our Lord

(b) To Christ our lord

(c) To no one

(d) To Christ, the Lord

Ans: (b)
"The Windhover," a sonnet penned by Gerard Manley Hopkins
in 1887, is a tribute dedicated "to Christ our Lord." In this poem,
Hopkins masterfully captures the beauty and grace of a falcon in
flight, using rich imagery and innovative language to convey a
profound spiritual experience. The poem reflects Hopkins's
39 | P a g e
fascination with nature and his deep religious faith, intertwining
the natural world with themes of divine presence and grace. The
structure of the sonnet, with its intricate rhyme scheme and
rhythmic variations, enhances the vivid descriptions of the bird's
movements, ultimately leading to a moment of revelation that
connects the physical beauty of the falcon with a sense of divine
glory and inspiration. This work exemplifies Hopkins's unique
style, characterized by his use of "sprung rhythm" and a keen
appreciation for the interplay of sound and meaning in poetry.

38. “Exorcism” is the title of Act III of Who’s Afraid of Virginia

Woolf? What is the significance of “exorcism” in the context of the
play?

(a) The casting out of evil spirits

(b) Deconstructing myths involving marriage, fertility, and sons

(c) Facing life without illusions

(d) Exposing all attempts at illusion-making

Ans: (a)
In "Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?" Act III, titled "Exorcism,"
serves as a pivotal moment in which the characters engage in a
cathartic confrontation of their inner turmoil and deceptions.
This act symbolizes a dramatic purge or "casting out" of
emotional "demons," as George and Martha, along with Nick and
Honey, grapple with the painful truths and illusions that have
long defined their relationships. Throughout the act, the dialogue
intensifies, revealing deep-seated resentments and vulnerabilities,
while the characters' façades begin to crumble. The act serves not
only as a climax to the emotional conflict but also as a profound
exploration of the human condition, exposing the characters'
40 | P a g e
struggles with identity, love, and the harsh realities of their lives.
The title "Exorcism" encapsulates this theme of confronting and
expelling the hidden fears and disillusionments that haunt them,
leading to a moment of raw honesty that ultimately alters the
dynamics of their relationships.

39. A Subaltern perspective is one where:

(a) Power structures define and determine your command of language
and language of command in an uneven world.
(b) The politically dispossessed could be voiceless, written out of the
historical record, and ignored because their activities do not count for
"cultural" or "structured."
(c) You don’t know what your "story" is, how to deal with a "story,"
and therefore you are forced to put stereotyped situations in it to
please your listeners.
(d) You begin to see how we live, how we have been living, how we
have been led to imagine ourselves, how our language has trapped as
well as liberated us.
Ans: (b) The term "Subaltern," which translates to "of inferior
rank," was initially adopted by Italian Marxist philosopher
Antonio Gramsci to describe groups within society that are
politically marginalized or oppressed. Gramsci emphasized that
these subaltern groups are often voiceless and can be effectively
written out of the historical narrative, overlooked due to the
perception that their experiences and activities lack significance
within the dominant cultural and social structures. This concept
highlights the ways in which power dynamics and class
hierarchies can render certain populations invisible, as their
contributions and struggles are not recognized or valued in
mainstream historical accounts. In contemporary discourse,
particularly in postcolonial studies, the term has been further
developed to explore how various forms of oppression intersect

41 | P a g e
and to advocate for the voices of those who have been silenced in
the broader societal context.

40. Ralph Ellison enjoys subverting myths about white purity through
characters like:
(A) Norton
(B) Bledsoe
(C) Rhinehart
(D) All of the above

(a) (A) and (B)

(b) (A), (B), and (C)
(c) (B) and (C)
(d) (A) and (C)
Ans: (a) In Ralph Ellison’s The Invisible Man (1952), the
narrative challenges and subverts the myth of white purity
through complex characters such as Mr. Norton and Dr. Bledsoe.
Mr. Norton, who initially presents himself as a well-intentioned
benefactor, embodies a new form of racism that conceals
exploitation beneath a façade of generosity. His interactions with
the protagonist reveal a deep-seated paternalism, as he views
Black individuals not as equals but as subjects of his
philanthropic impulses, thereby perpetuating a legacy of
humiliation and subjugation. Similarly, Dr. Bledsoe, the president
of the protagonist's college, embodies internalized racism as he
prioritizes his own status and power over the well-being of his
Black students. By aligning himself with white supremacy,
Bledsoe reinforces the oppressive structures that govern their
lives, illustrating how even those in positions of authority can
contribute to the marginalization of their own community.
Through these characters, Ellison critiques the notion of white
purity and exposes the insidious nature of racism that
masquerades as benevolence.
42 | P a g e
41. One of the most important themes the speakers debate in Dryden’s
An Essay on Dramatic Poesy is:
(a) European and non-European perceptions of reality.
(b) English and non-English perceptions of reality.
(c) The relative merits of French and English theatre.
(d) The relative merits of French and English poetry.
Ans: (c) An Essay on Dramatic Poesy, written by John Dryden, is
structured as a dialogue among four characters: Crites, Eugenius,
Lisideius, and Neander. Each character represents differing
perspectives on drama and literary theory. Crites champions
ancient drama, emphasizing its classical virtues and the authority
of playwrights like Sophocles and Euripides. In contrast,
Eugenius advocates for modern drama, critiquing the limitations
of the ancients and highlighting contemporary innovations in
storytelling and character development. Lisideius introduces the
French dramatic tradition, praising its refined style and
structure, while also pointing out the aesthetic qualities that
distinguish it from both ancient and English drama. Finally,
Neander emerges as a defender of English drama, arguing for its
unique qualities and the contributions of English playwrights like
Shakespeare and Fletcher, asserting that English drama possesses
a richness and emotional depth that surpasses its counterparts.
Through this dialogue, Dryden explores the evolution of drama
and the interplay between different cultural influences, ultimately
advocating for a synthesis that recognizes the value of all
traditions in enriching the art form.

42. Jeremy Collier’s A Short View of the Immorality and Profaneness

of the English Stage (1698) attacked:
(a) The practice of mixing tragic and comic themes in Shakespeare’s
plays.
(b) The bawdiness of "low" characters in Shakespeare’s plays.
(c) The coarseness and ugliness of Restoration Theatre.
43 | P a g e
(d) Irreligious themes and irreverent attitudes in the plays of the
seventeenth century.
Ans: (c)In A Short View of the Immorality and Profaneness of the
English Stage, Jeremy Collier vehemently criticized the
Restoration Theatre for its moral decay and lack of decorum. He
argued that the plays of this era were rife with coarseness and
ugliness, portraying characters that were not only impious but
also morally reprehensible. Collier condemned the comedic
figures of Restoration plays, suggesting that they exemplified a
profound disregard for virtue and ethics. He took particular aim
at the playwrights of the time, accusing them of promoting vice
and immorality through their works, which he believed corrupted
the audience's morals and undermined public decency. By
highlighting the negative impact of such theatrical
representations, Collier called for a reevaluation of theatrical
practices, advocating for a stage that could uplift rather than
debase societal values. His critique contributed significantly to the
ongoing discourse on the role of theatre in society and the
responsibility of playwrights to foster moral sensibilities among
audiences.

43. What is register?

(a) The way in which a language registers in the minds of its users.
(b) The way users of a language register the nuances of that language.
(c) A variety of language used in social situations or one specially
designed for the subject it deals with.
(d) A variety of language used in non-professional or informal
situations by professionals.
Ans: (c)In linguistics, register refers to a specific variety of
language that is employed in particular social situations or is
tailored for a specific subject matter. It encompasses the nuances
of how language is adapted by speakers based on context,
audience, and purpose. For example, the vocabulary, tone, and
44 | P a g e
syntax used in a formal academic setting will differ significantly
from those used in casual conversation among friends. Register
also extends to non-verbal communication, such as body language
and gestures, which can vary according to the social dynamics of
a situation. This concept is crucial in understanding the role of
context in communication, as it highlights how language is not
static but fluid, adjusting to the expectations and norms of
different environments. The ability to switch registers is an
essential skill, often referred to as code-switching, and reflects a
speaker's awareness of social cues and linguistic appropriateness.

44. Alexander Pope’s An Essay on Criticism:

(A) Purports to define "wit" and "nature" as they apply to the
literature of his age.
(B) Claims no originality in the thought that governs this work.
(C) Is a prose essay that gives us such quotes as "A little learning is a
dangerous thing!"
(D) Appeared in 1701.

(a) (C) and (D) are incorrect

(b) (A) and (B) are incorrect
(c) (A) to (D) are correct
(d) Only (A) and (D) are correct
Ans (a) "An Essay on Criticism," published in 1711, is a seminal
three-part poem by Alexander Pope that articulates his
reflections on the principles of literary criticism and the
responsibilities of critics. Throughout the poem, Pope emphasizes
the importance of adhering to proper rules and etiquette in
criticism, asserting that a critic should possess both knowledge
and humility. Notable quotes from the poem include "To err is
human, to forgive, divine," which underscores the fallibility of
human judgment, and "A little learning is a dangerous thing,"
warning against the perils of superficial knowledge. Additionally,
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he famously states, "Words are like leaves," suggesting that the
abundance of words can obscure meaning if not used judiciously.
In this work, Pope seeks to define key concepts such as 'wit' and
'nature' as they relate to the literature of his time, advocating for
a balance between artistic expression and adherence to classical
standards. His exploration of these themes establishes a
foundation for understanding the interplay between literary form
and critical evaluation in the 18th century.

45. Assertion (A):

“Tarn O’ Shanter” by John Clare is about the experience of an
ordinary human being and became quite popular during that time.
Reason (R): John Clare, having suffered bouts of madness, could
really feel for the misery of common man.

Which of the following is correct?

(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) explains (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) does not explain (A).
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true.

Ans: (b) John Clare, known as a peasant poet of the Romantic

period, captured the essence of rural life and the natural world in
his poetry. While both statements about Clare are accurate, the
second statement does not provide further justification or
explanation for the first; it merely acknowledges his status as a
peasant poet without elaborating on how this identity influenced
his work or perspective.

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46. Who among the poets in England during the 1930s had left-
leaning tendencies?

(a) T. S. Eliot, Ezra Pound, Richard Aldington

(b) Wilfred Owen, Siegfried Sassoon, Rupert Brooke
(c) W. H. Auden, Louis MacNeice, Cecil Day Lewis
(d) J. Fleckner, W. H. Davies, Edward Marsh

Ans: (c) W.H. Auden and his contemporaries formed the 'Oxford
Group,' also known as the 'Auden Group,' which included
notable figures such as Stephen Spender, C. Day Lewis, and Louis
MacNeice. This collective of poets was characterized by their
adherence to Marxist and anti-fascist ideologies, engaging with
pressing social, political, and economic issues of their time in their
literary works. Their poetry often reflected a commitment to
social justice and critique of totalitarian regimes, making them
prominent voices in the discourse of 20th-century literature.

47. Which of the following statements on Pathetic Fallacy is not true?

(a) This term applies to descriptions that are not true but imaginary
and fanciful.
(b) Pathetic Fallacy is generally understood as human traits being
applied or attributed to non-human things in nature.
(c) In its first use, the term was used with disapproval because nature
cannot be equated with the human in respect of emotions and
responses.
(d) The term was originally used by Alexander Pope in his Pastorals
(1709).

Ans: (d) The term "Pathetic Fallacy," coined by John Ruskin in

1856, refers to the literary device in which human emotions and
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traits are attributed to non-human entities or natural phenomena,
suggesting a connection between human feelings and the natural
world. Ruskin applied this concept to highlight how such
descriptions, while not literally accurate, serve to evoke
imagination and emotion in readers, allowing for a more
profound engagement with nature as a reflection of human
experience. This technique can often be seen in poetry and
literature, where the weather, landscapes, or animals embody
human feelings, enhancing the emotional resonance of the
narrative.
Example:
"The one red leaf, the last of its clan.
That dances as often as dance it can."

48. Which of the following statements on John Dryden is incorrect?

(A) John Milton and John Dryden were contemporaries.

(B) Dryden was a Royalist, while Milton fiercely opposed monarchy.
(C) Dryden wrote a play on the Mughal Emperor Humayun.
(D) Dryden was appointed the Poet Laureate of England in 1668.

Ans: (c) John Dryden (1631-1700) was a prominent English poet

and playwright of the Restoration Age, recognized for his
significant contributions to literature during a time of cultural
revival following the English Civil War. A contemporary of John
Milton, Dryden's works reflect the transition in English poetry
from the metaphysical style to a more classical approach,
characterized by its adherence to reason and decorum. Serving as
Poet Laureate from 1668 to 1688, he played a crucial role in
shaping the poetic landscape of his time, producing notable works
such as "Absalom and Achitophel," "The Hind and the Panther,"
and various plays that explored themes of politics, morality, and
human nature. Dryden's influence extended beyond poetry into
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criticism and drama, establishing him as one of the leading
literary figures of the 17th century.He was a contemporary of
John Milton. From 1668 to 1688, he was Poet Laureate of the
United Kingdom.

49. The book was for many years banned for obscenity in Britain and
the United States. The central character is a Catholic Jew in Ireland.
The author claimed that the book is meant to make you laugh. Which
is this book?

(a) The Picture of Dorian Gray

(b) Herzog
(c) Portnoy’s Complaint
(d) Ulysses

Ans: (d) James Joyce’s groundbreaking novel Ulysses, known for

its stream-of-consciousness style and rich exploration of everyday
life, was serialized in parts in the American journal The Little
Review from 1918 to 1920 before its publication in book form in
1922. The novel's 13th episode, titled "The Nausicaa," sparked
controversy and led to a prosecution for obscenity in the United
States, contributing to its reputation as a provocative work. Due
to its explicit content, Ulysses was banned in the United Kingdom
until 1936, while the ban in the USA was lifted in 1934. The novel
primarily follows the experiences of Leopold Bloom, a Jewish
advertising canvasser, on a single day, June 16, 1904, in Dublin,
and features the character Stephen Dedalus, a young man
grappling with his identity as a Catholic and a Jew in Ireland.
Through these characters, Joyce delves into themes of identity,
belonging, and the intricacies of human experience.

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50. Which of the following statements about The Lyrical Ballads is
not true?

(a) It carried only one ballad proper, which was Coleridge’s The Rime
of the Ancient Mariner.
(b) It also carried pastoral and other poems.
(c) It carried a "Preface” which Wordsworth added in 1800.
(d) It also printed from Gray’s Elegy Written in a Country
Churchyard.

Ans: (d) Lyrical Ballads, published in 1798, is considered a

landmark work in English literature as it marked the beginning
of the English Romantic movement, emphasizing emotion and the
beauty of the natural world. The collection included four poems
by Samuel Taylor Coleridge, notably "The Rime of the Ancient
Mariner," which stands out as the only proper ballad, while the
majority of the remaining works, contributed by William
Wordsworth, are lyrical poems that explore themes of nature,
simplicity, and human emotion. In the Preface to the second
edition, published in 1800, Wordsworth expanded on his poetic
philosophy, asserting that poetry should use the language of
common people rather than the elevated diction prevalent in the
poetry of his predecessors, such as Thomas Gray. He criticized
Gray's Sonnet on the Death of Richard West, arguing that its
artificial language detracted from the authenticity and emotional
impact of the poem. This Preface not only clarified Wordsworth's
vision for poetry but also established key principles of
Romanticism, including a focus on nature, the individual
experience, and a rejection of the rigid rules of neoclassicism.

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51. Kafka’s Trial has all the following characteristics except:

(a) Vivid yet surreal

(b) Dystopian
(c) The use of historical details of setting
(d) The depiction of totalitarian society

Ans: (c) Franz Kafka’s The Trial, published posthumously in

1925, presents a surreal and nightmarish narrative centered on
Joseph K., a seemingly ordinary bank clerk who is abruptly
arrested one morning without explanation. As he navigates a
labyrinthine and opaque legal system, he encounters absurdity
and futility at every turn, which symbolizes the dehumanizing
effects of bureaucratic authority and the struggle for individual
autonomy. The novel's portrayal of a faceless judicial system
reflects Kafka's critique of modern society and is often
interpreted as a prophetic vision of totalitarianism, where the
individual's rights and realities are obliterated by an unyielding
state apparatus. Kafka’s distinctive style, marked by existential
dread and absurdity, creates a profound commentary on the
alienation and helplessness faced by individuals within a
bureaucratic world, resonating with readers as a timeless
exploration of power, justice, and the human condition.

52. While writing or printing, scholarly use prefers titles in italics.

Which of the following is the correct way of writing/printing?

(a) Charles Dicken’s Tale of Two Cities

(b) Charles Dickens’ Tale of Two Cities
(c) Charles Dickens’ A Tale of Two Cities
(d) Charles Dicken’s A Tale of Two Cities

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Ans: (c) Charles Dickens’ A Tale of Two Cities is a historical
novel set against the backdrop of the French Revolution,
exploring themes of resurrection, sacrifice, and the impact of
social injustice. The narrative unfolds primarily in London and
Paris, highlighting the stark contrasts between the two cities and
the tumultuous events that shape the lives of its characters, such
as Charles Darnay, Sydney Carton, and Lucie Manette. Dickens'
masterful storytelling captures the emotional and political
turbulence of the era, while his memorable characters embody
the struggles for redemption and the quest for justice amidst
chaos and brutality. The famous opening line, "It was the best of
times, it was the worst of times," encapsulates the novel's
exploration of duality and the human experience in times of
upheaval.

53. Identify the mismatched pair in the following where characters in

Golding’s Lord of the Flies fit the allegorized pattern of virtues and
vices.

(a) Ralph - rationality

(b) Piggy - pragmatism
(c) Jack - pity
(d) Simon - innocence

Ans: (c) Lord of the Flies (1954) is a novel by William Golding

that explores the inherent darkness within human nature through
the story of a group of boys stranded on a deserted island. Jack,
the embodiment of savagery and the thirst for power, gradually
leads the boys into chaos and barbarism as he prioritizes hunting
and dominance over order and civilization. In contrast, Ralph
symbolizes rationality, leadership, and the struggle to maintain
societal structure amidst the growing anarchy. Piggy, often
ridiculed yet pragmatic, represents intellect and reason,
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advocating for order and the use of the conch shell as a tool for
democratic discourse. Simon, the most introspective character,
embodies innate goodness and moral clarity, ultimately becoming
a martyr to the group’s descent into savagery. Golding’s
narrative delves into themes of civilization versus barbarism, the
loss of innocence, and the moral dilemmas faced by humanity
when stripped of societal constraints.

54. E.M. Forster’s A Passage to India begins with a description of the

city of Chandrapore. It has an old Indian part and a new part
consisting of the British civil station. Which of the following
descriptions of the city is not found in the text?

(a) The streets are mean, the temples ineffective.

(b) It is a city of gardens.
(c) It is a tropical pleasaunce washed by a noble river.
(d) The new civil station is not sensibly planned and not modern.

Ans: (d) E. M. Forster’s A Passage to India (1922) opens with a

vivid portrayal of Chandrapore, a city characterized by its
juxtaposition of beauty and decay. The narrative captures the
essence of the city through evocative phrases such as "the streets
are mean," reflecting its poverty and neglect, while also
highlighting its lush landscapes with descriptions like "it is a city
of gardens" and "a tropical pleasaunce washed by a noble river."
This duality in Forster's depiction emphasizes the complexities of
colonial India, revealing both its charm and its flaws. Notably, the
novel does not include the critical observation that "the new civil
station is not sensibly planned and not modern," which
underscores the disconnect between colonial aspirations and the
realities of the city’s infrastructure. Instead, Forster focuses on
the sensory experiences and contradictions inherent in

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Chandrapore, setting the stage for the broader themes of cultural
misunderstanding and conflict that unfold throughout the story.

55. Which one of Brecht’s works was intended to lampoon the

conventional sentimental musical but the public lapped up the work’s
sentiment and missed the humour?

(a) Man is Man

(b) Three Penny Opera
(c) The Mother
(d) Life of Galileo

Ans: (b) The Threepenny Opera, written by Bertolt Brecht and

first performed in 1928, is a groundbreaking play that combines
elements of theater and music to create a unique form of "musical
theater." Brecht aimed to critique and subvert the traditional
sentimental musicals of his time, using sharp satire to highlight
societal issues such as capitalism and moral hypocrisy. The play
features memorable musical numbers, composed by Kurt Weill,
which contributed significantly to its popularity despite Brecht's
intentions to challenge the emotional engagement typical of
conventional musicals. Songs like "Mack the Knife" became
iconic, and the juxtaposition of music with Brecht's distinctive
theatrical style, which included the use of alienation effects to
prevent the audience from becoming overly immersed in the
narrative, ultimately led to the play's enduring success and
influence in both theater and popular culture.

56. The novel tells the story of twin brothers, Waldo, the man of
reason and intellect, and Arthur, the innocent half-wit, the way their
lives are inextricably intertwined. Which is the novel?

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(a) The Tree of Man
(b) Voss
(c) The Solid Mandala
(d) The Vivisector

Ans: (c) The Solid Mandala (1966) is a profound novel by

Australian author Patrick White that explores the complex
relationship between twin brothers Waldo and Arthur. Waldo
embodies reason, intellect, and a strong sense of the world, while
Arthur is portrayed as an innocent, simple-minded half-wit. The
narrative delves into their intertwined lives, examining themes of
identity, existence, and the contrasting nature of their
personalities. Throughout the novel, White employs rich
symbolism and introspective characterizations to reflect on
broader human experiences, particularly the struggle for
meaning and understanding in a chaotic world. Alongside The
Solid Mandala, White's other notable works include The Tree of
Man, which addresses themes of nature and the human condition;
Voss, a historical novel about an explorer's journey into the
Australian outback; and The Vivisector, which explores the life of
an artist and the complexities of creativity and morality.
Together, these works showcase White's significant contributions
to Australian literature and his exploration of existential themes.

57. This renowned German poet was born in Prague and died of
leukemia. When young, he met Tolstoy and was influenced by him.
The titles of his last two works contain the words "sonnets" and
"elegies." He is:

(a) Herman Hesse

(b) Heinrich Heine
(c) Joseph Freiherr Von Eichendorff
(d) Rainer Maria Rilke
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Ans: (d) Rainer Maria Rilke (1875-1926) was an influential
German-language poet renowned for his profound exploration of
existential themes and the human experience. Born in Prague, he
later moved to various cities across Europe, which greatly
influenced his writing. Rilke's poetry often grapples with the
nature of existence, love, and the search for meaning,
characterized by rich imagery and spiritual depth. Among his
most celebrated works are The Book of Hours, a collection of
lyrical prayers; The Notebooks of Malte Laurids Brigge, a semi-
autobiographical novel that reflects on life and artistic creation;
the Duino Elegies, a sequence of ten elegies that confront themes
of mortality and transcendence; and Sonnets to Orpheus, a
collection that contemplates art, beauty, and the power of the
creative spirit. Additionally, his epistolary work, Letters to a
Young Poet, offers valuable insights into the creative process and
the nature of art, encouraging young writers to embrace their
individuality and authenticity. Rilke's legacy continues to
resonate with readers and writers, making him a central figure in
modernist poetry.

58. Based on the following description, identify the text in reference:

This is a play in which no one comes, no one goes, nothing happens.
In its opening scene, a man struggles hard to remove his boot. The
play was originally written in French, later translated into English. It
was first performed in 1953.

(a) Look Back in Anger

(b) Waiting for Godot
(c) The Zoo Story
(d) The Birthday Party

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Ans: (b) Waiting for Godot is a seminal play by Samuel Beckett,
originally composed in French in 1949 and subsequently
translated into English, with its premiere occurring in 1953. The
play centers on two main characters, Vladimir and Estragon, who
engage in a series of conversations while they wait for the elusive
Godot, a figure who never arrives. This seemingly uneventful
scenario highlights the themes of existentialism and the absurdity
of human existence, as the characters grapple with questions of
meaning, purpose, and the passage of time. The play is
characterized by its sparse setting and repetitive dialogue,
emphasizing the futility of their wait and the absurdity of life
itself. As a quintessential example of the "Theatre of the Absurd,"
Beckett’s work challenges traditional narrative structures and
reflects the disillusionment of post-war society, ultimately inviting
audiences to ponder the nature of existence and the human
condition in a world devoid of clear answers.

59. The tramp in Pinter’s first big hit, The Caretaker, often travels
under an assumed name. It is:

(a) Bernard Jenkins

(b) Roly Jenkins
(c) Jack Jenkins
(d) Peter Jenkins

Ans: (aThe Caretaker is a play written by Harold Pinter that

premiered in 1960, showcasing his signature style of dialogue and
exploration of human relationships. The narrative revolves
around three central characters: Aston and Mick, who are
brothers, and Davies, an aging homeless man who frequently
adopts the alias Bernard Jenkins. Set primarily in a dilapidated
room, the play unfolds as Davies becomes a temporary guest in
the brothers’ home, leading to a complex interplay of power
57 | P a g e
dynamics, identity, and existential uncertainty. Through the
characters' interactions, Pinter delves into themes of alienation,
the struggle for control, and the search for meaning in a
seemingly indifferent world. The work is characterized as a
tragicomedy, blending elements of humor and pathos, which
reflects the absurdity of the characters' situations and their
longing for connection amid their fractured lives.

60. Which of the following works does not have a mad woman as a
character in it?

(a) The Yellow Wallpaper

(b) The Mad Woman in the Attic
(c) Jane Eyre
(d) Wide Sargasso Sea

Ans: (b)
Berthe Antoinetta Mason is the mad woman in Charlotte Brontë’s
1847 novel Jane Eyre.

Wide Sargasso Sea is a 1966 novel by Jean Rhys that responds to

Jane Eyre and presents the point of view of the mad woman
Antoinette Cosway.

The Yellow Wallpaper (1892) is a short story by Charlotte

Perkins Gilman, in which the narrator descends into madness.

The Madwoman in the Attic is a book by Sandra Gilbert and

Susan Gubar that examines Victorian literature from a feminist
perspective, deriving its title from Jane Eyre.

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61. Which of these authors is not a writer of African American slave
narratives?

(a) Solomon Northup

(b) Frederick Douglass
(c) Phillis Wheatley
(d) Sojourner Truth

Ans: (c) Solomon Northup, Frederick Douglass, and Sojourner

Truth are notable authors of African American slave narratives
that provide powerful accounts of their experiences with slavery.
Northup's Twelve Years a Slave recounts his abduction and
subsequent enslavement in the South, highlighting the brutal
realities faced by enslaved individuals. Frederick Douglass's
Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave
details his journey from slavery to freedom, emphasizing the
importance of education and self-empowerment in the struggle
against oppression. Sojourner Truth's Narrative of Sojourner
Truth: A Northern Slave shares her life story and powerful
speeches advocating for abolition and women's rights. In contrast,
Phillis Wheatley, who was also enslaved, is recognized as the first
African American author to publish a book of poetry with her
collection Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral
(1773). While Wheatley's work does not focus on the themes of
slavery, her literary achievements stand as a testament to the
intellectual and artistic contributions of African Americans
during a time of profound injustice.

62. In a classic statement that inaugurated feminist thought in English,

we read: "A woman writing thinks back through her mothers." Where
does this occur?

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(a) Virginia Woolf's A Room of One’s Own
(b) Kate Millet’s Sexual Politics
(c) Gertrude Stein’s Three Lives
(d) Mary Hiatt’s The Way Women Write

Ans: (a) A Room of One’s Own is a foundational essay by

Virginia Woolf, published in 1929, which explores the challenges
faced by women writers throughout history. In this work, Woolf
famously asserts, "A woman writing thinks back through her
mothers," emphasizing the importance of female lineage and the
influence of past generations on women's creativity and identity.
This statement has profoundly impacted feminist literature and
theory by highlighting the connection between women's writing
and their historical context, suggesting that a woman’s literary
voice is shaped by the struggles and achievements of her
foremothers. Woolf advocates for financial independence and
personal space as crucial conditions for women to express their
creativity, making her essay a pivotal text in the feminist literary
canon. Through her insightful analysis, Woolf not only critiques
the patriarchal structures that have hindered women’s literary
contributions but also calls for a reevaluation of women's roles in
literature and society.

63. Ostensibly a musical treatise, The Anatomy of Melancholy is a

reflection on human learning and endeavor published under the
pseudonym:

(a) Vox Populi

(b) Epicurus Senior
(c) Democritus Junior
(d) Jesting Pilate

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Ans: (c) Robert Burton published The Anatomy of Melancholy in
1621, a groundbreaking work that examines the nature of
melancholy as a significant aspect of the human experience. In
this text, Burton explores various emotions, thoughts, and
psychological conditions through the lens of melancholy, offering
insights into its causes, effects, and treatments. He adopts the
pseudonym "Democritus Junior" in the preface, drawing a
parallel to the ancient Greek philosopher Democritus, who was
known for his reflections on the nature of sadness and the human
condition. The book is divided into three main sections: the first
defines melancholy, the second discusses its cures, and the third
examines its connection to love and religious sentiments. Burton's
work is notable not only for its detailed exploration of melancholy
but also for its innovative blend of personal reflection, literary
references, and empirical observations, making it a significant
contribution to early modern literature and psychology. Its rich
tapestry of thoughts on mental health resonates with
contemporary discussions about the complexities of human
emotion.

64. The period of Queen Victoria’s reign is:

(a) 1830-1900
(b) 1837-1901
(c) 1830-1901
(d) 1837-1900

Ans: (b) Queen Victoria was crowned in 1837 at the age of 18 and
reigned until her death in 1901, marking the longest reign of any
British monarch at the time. Her reign is referred to as the
Victorian Era, a period characterized by significant
transformation in Britain as it shifted from a predominantly
rural, agricultural society to a more urban, industrial one. This
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era witnessed profound changes, including the expansion of the
British Empire, advancements in technology and industry, and
the rise of the middle class. The Victorian Era is also notable for
its distinct cultural, social, and political dynamics, which included
strict moral codes, an emphasis on family values, and significant
reforms in education and labor. This period fostered a rich
literary tradition, producing influential authors such as Charles
Dickens, the Brontë sisters, George Eliot, and Thomas Hardy,
who reflected the complexities and contradictions of Victorian
society in their works.

65. Which of the following statements best describes the term

'deconstruction'?

(a) It seeks to expose the problematic nature of 'centered' discourses.

(b) It advocates 'subjective' or 'free' interpretation.
(c) It emphasizes the importance of historical context.
(d) It is a method of critical analysis.

Ans: (a) The theory of 'deconstruction,' developed by Jacques

Derrida, aims to reveal the inherent instability and contradictions
within what are often perceived as 'centered' discourses,
including signs, structures, and binary oppositions. Derrida
argues that these discourses are built on foundational concepts
that are often taken for granted, yet they contain internal tensions
that undermine their apparent coherence and meaning. By closely
analyzing texts and their language, deconstruction seeks to
demonstrate how meaning is not fixed but rather contingent,
shaped by context and interpretation. It challenges the idea that
texts have a singular, authoritative interpretation, emphasizing
instead the multiplicity of meanings that can arise from the
interplay of language. This approach encourages readers to
question established norms and binary oppositions—such as
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presence/absence, good/evil, and male/female—revealing how
these dichotomies can be deconstructed to uncover deeper
complexities and ambiguities in understanding literature and
culture.

66. One of the following Canterbury Tales is in prose; identify it.

(a) The Pardoner’s Tale

(b) The Parson’s Tale
(c) The Monk’s Tale
(d) The Knight’s Tale

Ans: (b) Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales is a seminal

collection of 24 stories written between 1387 and 1400,
showcasing a diverse range of characters and narratives. The first
tale, The Knight’s Tale, sets the tone for the collection,
introducing themes of chivalry and honor through the story of
two knights competing for the love of a lady. In contrast, the last
tale, The Parson’s Tale, departs from the poetic form of the
preceding stories, presenting a moral discourse in prose. This
shift emphasizes the Parson's role as a moral guide, focusing on
the themes of repentance and virtuous living. The collection as a
whole reflects the social dynamics and cultural richness of
medieval England, utilizing a frame narrative structure where
pilgrims share their stories during a journey to Canterbury. Each
tale serves not only as entertainment but also as a commentary on
various aspects of society, from class and religion to love and
human behaviour.

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67. Here is a list of Partition novels which have 'violence on the
woman’s body' as a significant theme. Pick the odd one out:

(a) The Pakistani Bride

(b) What the Body Remembers
(c) Train to Pakistan
(d) The Ice-Candy Man

Ans: (c) Train to Pakistan, published in 1956 by Khushwant

Singh, is a poignant novel that captures the harrowing
experiences during the India-Pakistan partition. Set in the
fictional village of Mano Majra, the narrative explores the
profound impact of communal violence on the lives of its
residents, highlighting themes of religious hatred, the brutality of
the partition, and the societal corruption that arises from such
turmoil. The novel delves into the effects of violence on women,
portraying their suffering and vulnerability amidst the chaos.
Other notable works that specifically address violence against
women during the partition include Basti by Intizar Hussain, The
Ice-Candy-Man by Bapsi Sidhwa, and Tamas by Bhisham Sahni.
These novels provide critical insights into the gendered
experiences of partition, emphasizing the complexities of identity,
survival, and the lasting scars of communal conflict on women’s
lives.

68. In his preface to The Order of Things, Foucault mentions being

influenced by a Latin American writer and his work. Choose the
correct answer:

(a) Marquez - "The Solitude of Latin America"

(b) Borges - "Chinese Encyclopaedia"
(c) Juan Rulfo - "Pedro Páramo"
(d) Alejo Carpentier - "On the Marvelous in America"
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Ans: (b) The Order of Things, published in 1966 by Michel
Foucault, is a foundational text that examines the historical
development and epistemological status of the human sciences,
including disciplines such as psychology, sociology, and
economics. In the preface, Foucault acknowledges the influence of
Jorge Luis Borges, specifically referencing a fictional passage
from Borges' work that describes a Chinese encyclopedia
categorizing animals in a peculiar and seemingly arbitrary
manner. This citation serves as a springboard for Foucault's
exploration of how knowledge is organized and classified within
different historical contexts, challenging the traditional notions of
scientific objectivity and revealing the underlying assumptions
that shape the way we understand human knowledge. Foucault's
analysis ultimately interrogates the relationship between power
and knowledge, suggesting that our conceptual frameworks are
not merely reflections of reality but are constructed through
discursive practices that shape our perception of the world.

69. In the closing paragraph of The Trial, two men accompany Joseph
K to a part of the city to eventually execute him. The place is:

(a) A Public Park

(b) A Church
(c) A Quarry
(d) An Abandoned Factory

Ans: (c) In Franz Kafka's The Trial (1925), Joseph K. is a young,

bewildered man who finds himself unexpectedly arrested and
entangled in a nightmarish legal process, though he is never
informed of the charges against him. As he navigates the absurd
and opaque bureaucracy, K. encounters a series of surreal and
often Kafkaesque situations that highlight the dehumanizing
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effects of institutional power. In the chilling conclusion, K. is
taken by two men to an abandoned quarry, where he is ultimately
stabbed, symbolizing the inescapable and violent nature of the
bureaucratic system he represents. The novel serves as a powerful
critique of mindless bureaucracy, exploring themes of alienation,
powerlessness, and the arbitrary nature of authority in a
totalitarian state. Kafka's exploration of these themes reflects a
profound commentary on the individual's struggle against an
incomprehensible and oppressive system.

70. Where does Act I Scene 1 of William Congreve’s The Way of the
World open?

(a) A Chocolate-House
(b) A Pub
(c) A Carrefour
(d) The drawing room of Sir Willful's mansion

Ans: (a) William Congreve’s The Way of the World (1700) is a

quintessential Restoration comedy that unfolds across five acts.
The play opens in a chocolate house, a popular social venue of the
time, where the central characters Mirabell and Fainall are seen
discussing their recent card game. This initial setting establishes
the playful and witty tone characteristic of the genre. As the plot
progresses, the action shifts to various locations, including St.
James's Park, where social interactions highlight themes of love,
deception, and the intricacies of courtship. The action ultimately
culminates in the home of Lady Wishfort, where the play's
intricate web of relationships and schemes is fully revealed.
Congreve’s work is notable for its sharp dialogue, satirical
commentary on societal norms, and its exploration of the
complexities of marriage and intrigue in Restoration England.

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71. Julia Kristeva’s 'Intertextuality' derives from:

(A) Saussure’s signs

(B) Chomsky’s deep structure
(C) Bakhtin’s dialogism
(D) Derrida’s difference

(a) (A) and (D)

(b) (A) and (C)
(c) (C) and (D)
(d) (A)and(B)

Ans: (b) Intertextuality refers to the complex relationship

between texts, highlighting how they influence and shape each
other through references, quotations, and echoes. The term was
coined by the Bulgarian-French philosopher Julia Kristeva in the
1960s as part of her effort to integrate Ferdinand de Saussure's
structuralist theories of language and signs with Mikhail
Bakhtin's concepts of dialogism. Kristeva argued that no text
exists in isolation; rather, every text is a mosaic of past texts, and
its meaning is constructed through these interconnections. This
idea emphasizes that literary works engage in a continuous
dialogue with one another, revealing how meanings can shift and
evolve through cultural and historical contexts. Intertextuality
has become a crucial concept in literary theory, enabling deeper
analysis of how texts interact and the implications of these
relationships for interpretation.

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72. "Womanist is to feminist as purple is to lavender." This is an
important statement defining the womanist perspective advanced by:

(a) Toni Morrison

(b) Zora Neale Hurston
(c) Alice Walker
(d) Bell Hooks
Ans: (c) Womanism is a feminist perspective that specifically
addresses the unique experiences and struggles of women of color,
particularly Black women. Coined by American author Alice
Walker in her 1982 publication, In Search of Our Mothers'
Gardens: Womanist Prose, the term "womanist" captures the
intersectionality of race, gender, and class in the lives of women.
Walker famously stated that "womanist is to feminist as purple is
to lavender," indicating that womanism encompasses a broader
and more inclusive approach than mainstream feminism. While
traditional feminism primarily focuses on issues of gender
inequality, womanism seeks to address the multifaceted layers of
oppression that women of color face, advocating for social justice
and equality in all aspects of life, including racial, economic, and
cultural dimensions. Womanism emphasizes community,
spirituality, and the importance of nurturing and supporting one
another, positioning the experiences of women of color at the
forefront of feminist discourse.

73. Who among the following was not a member of the Scriblerus
Club?
(a) Thomas Parnell
(b) Alexander Pope
(c) Joseph Addison
(d) John Gay

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Ans: (c) During the Augustan period in England, two prominent
literary clubs significantly influenced the cultural landscape of
London: the Scriblerus Club and the Kit-Cat Club.

The Scriblerus Club, founded in the early 18th century, was

primarily associated with the satirical and comic literary works of
its members, including Jonathan Swift, Alexander Pope, John
Gay, and Thomas Parnell. This club aimed to critique
contemporary literature and society through humor and satire,
notably contributing to the development of the mock-heroic
genre.In contrast, the Kit-Cat Club, which flourished during the
same period, was a gathering of Whig intellectuals and artists,
including notable figures such as Joseph Addison, William
Congreve, and John Vanbrugh. This club not only focused on
literary discussions but also had a broader social and political
agenda, influencing public opinion and promoting the Whig
party's values. The Kit-Cat Club was known for its elegant soirées
and significant role in the development of early 18th-century
English drama and political satire.

74. "His cooks with long disuse their trade forgot; Cool was his
kitchen, though his brains were hot." Who is this character whose
stinginess passed into a proverb? (a) Corah
(b) Shimei
(c) Zimri
(d) Achitophel
Ans: (b) Dryden’s political satire "Absalom and Achitophel,"
published in 1681, cleverly utilizes the biblical story of Absalom to
comment on the political turmoil of his time, particularly in
relation to the Popish Plot, which fueled anti-Catholic sentiment
in England. In the poem, Dryden explores themes of rebellion,
loyalty, and political manipulation through allegorical figures
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that represent real historical figures.The line "His cooks... were
hot" is a metaphorical reference that critiques Shimei, a
character portrayed as a treacherous and dishonest figure who
exploits others for his gain. Dryden's depiction of Shimei reflects
the characteristics of unscrupulous political figures, illustrating
the moral corruption he observed in contemporary politics.In this
satirical framework, Slingsby Bethel, identified as the sheriff of
London, serves as a stand-in for those in authority who navigate
the complexities of political loyalty and betrayal. Through his
nuanced characters and biting satire, Dryden not only critiques
individual figures but also provides insight into the broader socio-
political landscape of 17th-century England, highlighting the
tensions between loyalty and ambition during a period of
significant political unrest.

75. Which of the following is not a quest narrative?

(a) Shelley’s "Alastor"
(b) Byron’s "Manfred"
(c) Coleridge’s "Christabel"
(d) Keats’s "Endymion"
Ans: (c) A quest is typically depicted as a journey undertaken by
a character in search of a specific mission or goal, often involving
challenges that test their character and resolve. In P.B. Shelley’s
poem "Alastor," the speaker tells the story of a passionate poet
who embarks on a quest to understand nature and uncover
profound truths, reflecting the Romantic ideal of the artist's
search for inspiration and knowledge.Similarly, in John Keats’
"Endymion," the titular character ventures into the underworld
in pursuit of his love, symbolizing the quest for beauty and the
ideal. This journey not only reflects the themes of desire and
longing but also the exploration of the self in relation to the object
of affection.In Lord Byron’s "Manfred," the protagonist’s quest
is one of inner turmoil and redemption as he seeks to atone for his
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sins, showcasing the Romantic fascination with personal suffering
and existential struggle. Manfred’s journey is deeply
introspective, exploring themes of guilt, isolation, and the search
for forgiveness.However, Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s "Christabel"
diverges from this traditional quest narrative. While it possesses
supernatural elements, it primarily focuses on themes of
innocence, mystery, and the interplay between light and dark
rather than the pursuit of a specific goal or mission typical of a
quest. The narrative revolves around the eerie and enchanting
encounter between Christabel and Geraldine, highlighting the
complexities of human nature and the uncanny, rather than a
definitive journey toward a particular objective.

76. Which, among the following, is a place through which John

Bunyan's Christian does not pass?

(a) The Slough of Despond

(b) Mount Helicon
(c) The Valley of Humiliation
(d) Vanity Fair
Ans: (b) ""The Pilgrim’s Progress," written by John Bunyan in
1678, is a seminal work of Christian allegory that narrates the
spiritual journey of its protagonist, Christian. The story begins in
the City of Destruction, representing a life burdened by sin and
despair. Motivated by the desire for salvation, Christian embarks
on a pilgrimage to the Celestial City, a metaphor for
heaven.Throughout his journey, Christian encounters various
challenges and characters that symbolise different aspects of the
Christian experience. Notable locations include:
Slough of Despond: A bog representing despair and doubt, where
Christian struggles with his fears and feelings of inadequacy.
Mount Sinai: Symbolizing the law and conviction of sin, it
represents the burden of the law that Christian initially feels.
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House Beautiful: A place of rest and enlightenment, representing
the comfort and fellowship of the Christian community.
Valley of Humiliation: A place where Christian faces his
vulnerabilities and the devil’s temptations, emphasizing the need
for humility in faith.
Vanity Fair: A bustling marketplace representing worldly
distractions and temptations that challenge the pilgrim's faith.
Doubting Castle: The stronghold of the giant Despair,
symbolizing the oppressive nature of doubt and despair that can
beset believers.
River of God: A tranquil stream symbolizing the peacefulness of
divine grace and the journey toward salvation.
River of Death: The final barrier before reaching the Celestial
City, representing the ultimate passage that all must face,
signifying the transition from earthly life to eternal life.
Bunyan’s allegory explores themes of faith, perseverance, and the
transformative power of grace, making it a cornerstone of
Christian literature and a profound exploration of the human
soul's quest for redemption.

77. "Along the shore of silver streaming Thames; Whose rutty bank,
the which his river hems, Was painted all with variable flowers... Fit
to deck maidens’ bowers And crown their paramours Against their
bridal day, which is not long; Sweet Thames! run softly till I end my
song." (Spenser’s "Prothalamion") Another poet fondly recalls these
lines but cannot conceal their heavily ironic tone in:
(a) Marianne Moore’s "Spenser’s Ireland"
(b) Sylvia Plath’s "Morning Song"
(c) W.H. Auden’s "In Praise of Limestone"
(d) T.S. Eliot’s "Waste Land"
Ans: (d) In the third part of T.S. Eliot's poem "The Waste Land,"
titled "The Fire Sermon," the imagery of the River Thames
serves as a powerful symbol of both continuity and decay in the
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modern world. The lines "The river’s tent is broken: the last
fingers of leaf / Clutch and sink into the wet bank" evoke a sense
of loss and fragmentation, suggesting that nature’s beauty is
fleeting and that the natural world is succumbing to
deterioration.The phrase "the wind crosses the brown land,
unheard" emphasizes the desolation of the landscape, portraying
a sense of emptiness and neglect. This imagery reflects the post-
war disillusionment and the emotional barrenness of
contemporary society, highlighting the disconnect between
humanity and the natural environment.Furthermore, the
declaration "The nymphs are departed" signifies the loss of
vitality and inspiration, as the mythological nymphs symbolize the
life and creativity that once thrived in the natural world. Their
absence points to a deeper spiritual emptiness within the modern
human experience.In the closing lines, "Sweet Thames, run softly,
till I end my song," there is a plea for a gentle flow of the river,
suggesting a desire for peace and solace amidst the chaos of
modern life. The Thames, a historically rich and culturally
significant river, serves as a metaphor for the passage of time and
the continuity of life, even in a world marked by desolation and
despair. Overall, Eliot’s use of the River Thames in "The Fire
Sermon" encapsulates the themes of loss, yearning, and the
search for meaning in an increasingly fragmented world.

78. Identify the work below that does not belong to the literature of
the eighteenth century:
(a) Advancement of Learning
(b) Gulliver’s Travels
(c) The Spectator
(d) An Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot
Ans: (a) ""The Advancement of Learning," published in 1605 by
Francis Bacon, is a foundational work of philosophy and
education that argues for the value of empirical research and the
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systematic pursuit of knowledge. Bacon promotes the idea that
learning should serve practical purposes and contribute to human
progress, laying the groundwork for modern scientific inquiry.

In contrast, the works mentioned from the eighteenth century

reflect the rich literary and intellectual landscape of that period.
"The Spectator," published from 1711 to 1712 by Joseph Addison
and Richard Steele, is a daily publication that aimed to cultivate a
sense of civility and morality among its readers through essays on
various topics, including politics, philosophy, and social issues.

"Gulliver’s Travels," published in 1726 by Jonathan Swift, is a

satirical novel that critiques contemporary society through the
adventures of Lemuel Gulliver, whose encounters with fantastical
lands reveal the absurdities and vices of human nature and
politics.

"An Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot," published in 1735 by Alexander

Pope, is a poetic work that serves as both a personal reflection
and a defense of Pope's literary career. It employs satire to
address contemporary issues and critiques the literary and
political figures of his time, showcasing Pope's wit and command
of verse.

79. One of the following texts was published earlier than 1955.
Identify the text:
(a) William Golding, "The Inheritors"
(b) Philip Larkin, "The Less Deceived"
(c) William Empson, "Collected Poems"
(d) Samuel Beckett, "Waiting for Godot"
Ans: (c) William Empson's "Collected Poems," published in 1949,
compiles the significant poetry of Empson, a notable figure in
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literary criticism and modernist poetry. The collection showcases
his innovative use of language, intricate imagery, and profound
exploration of themes such as love, nature, and existential
inquiry. Empson is also well-known for his critical works,
particularly "Seven Types of Ambiguity," which profoundly
influenced literary theory and the interpretation of poetry. This
collection represents the culmination of his poetic contributions
up to that date and highlights his distinctive voice in the post-war
literary landscape.

80. Here is a list of early English plays imitating Greek and Latin
plays. Pick the odd one out:
(a) Gorboduc
(b) Tamburlaine
(c) Ralph Roister Doister
(d) Gammer Gurton’s Needle
Ans: (b) ""Gorboduc," first performed in 1561, is often regarded
as the inaugural English tragedy and serves as a pivotal work in
the evolution of English drama. Authored by Thomas Norton and
Thomas Sackville, it draws heavily from the Senecan tradition,
particularly in its themes of revenge, fate, and moral ambiguity,
and it is notable for its use of blank verse. In contrast, the
comedies "Ralph Roister Doister" (by Nicholas Udall) and
"Gammer Gurton’s Needle" (by Hugh Crumb) reflect the
influence of Terence and Plautus, incorporating elements of farce
and comedic misunderstandings typical of Roman comedic
theater. Furthermore, "Tamburlaine," which premiered in 1587,
showcases Christopher Marlowe's departure from classical
influences by depicting the rise and fall of the historical figure
Timur, emphasizing ambition and power without relying on the
established conventions of Greek and Latin drama, thus marking
a significant shift toward the development of English tragedy and
the exploration of complex characters.
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81. Which of the following poems does not begin in the first person
pronoun?
(a) Shelley’s "Adonais"
(b) Byron’s "Don Juan"
(c) Keats’s "Lamia"
(d) Coleridge’s "The Aeolian Harp"
Ans: (c) Keats’ poem "Lamia," published in 1820, opens with the
line “Upon a time, before the faery broods,” setting a whimsical
tone that evokes a mythical atmosphere, as it explores themes of
love and transformation through the character of Lamia, a
serpent-woman. Shelley’s "Adonais," published in 1821, begins
with the poignant declaration, “I weep for Adonais - he is dead,”
which serves as an elegy for the poet John Keats, reflecting
Shelley’s profound grief over the loss of his contemporary and the
transient nature of beauty and life. In contrast, Byron’s "Don
Juan," which began its publication in 1819, introduces the titular
character with the opening line, “I want a hero: an uncommon
want,” which establishes the poem's satirical tone as it seeks to
redefine heroism in a contemporary context. Similarly,
Coleridge’s "The Aeolian Harp," written in 1795, opens with a
first-person pronoun, creating an intimate and introspective
connection between the speaker and the natural world, as it
delves into the interplay of art, nature, and the creative process,
illustrating the Romantic emphasis on individual perception and
emotion. Together, these opening lines reflect the diverse thematic
concerns and stylistic approaches of Romantic poets, emphasizing
the interplay between personal experience, nature, and the
exploration of complex emotions.

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82. Identify the text in the following list which offers a fictionalized
survey of English Literature from Elizabethan times to 1928:

(a) E.M. Forster, "The Eternal Moment"

(b) Virginia Woolf, "Orlando"
(c) Robert Graves, "Goodbye to All That"
(d) David Jones, "In Parenthesis"
Ans: (b) ""Orlando," published in 1928 by Virginia Woolf, is a
groundbreaking novel that chronicles the extraordinary life of its
protagonist, Orlando, who undergoes a transformation from male
to female. Spanning nearly 400 years, the narrative begins in the
Elizabethan era and follows Orlando through various historical
periods, including the Stuart, Georgian, Victorian, and modern
times, ultimately offering a rich commentary on gender identity,
societal norms, and the evolution of literature. Woolf uses
Orlando's unique experiences to explore the fluidity of gender
and the constraints placed upon individuals by societal
expectations, while simultaneously weaving in reflections on the
literary movements and styles that defined each era. This novel
not only serves as a fictional biography but also as a profound
critique of gender and identity, making it a significant work in
both feminist and literary studies.

83. In which of the following novels is Harikatha strategically used as

a medium of ‘consciousness raising’?
(a) Waiting for the Mahatma
(b) The Serpent and the Rope
(c) A Bend in the Ganges
(d) Kanthapura
Ans: (d) ""Kanthapura," published in 1938 by Raja Rao, is a
seminal novel that explores the transformative effects of the
Gandhian freedom struggle on a small, fictional South Indian
village named Kanthapura. The narrative unfolds through the
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eyes of the village's inhabitants, particularly focusing on
Jayaramachar, the local Harikatha storyteller. In the novel,
Jayaramachar embodies the struggles of Goddess Parvati for
Lord Shiva, symbolizing India's quest for independence from
colonial rule. Through his storytelling, which blends myth,
folklore, and the realities of village life, Harikatha serves as a
powerful tool for consciousness-raising among the villagers. Rao
employs this medium not only to convey the ideals of Gandhian
philosophy but also to highlight the cultural and spiritual
dimensions of the struggle for freedom, ultimately illustrating
how traditional forms of expression can galvanize communities
toward social and political change. This interplay of narrative
and activism makes "Kanthapura" a crucial work in the canon of
Indian literature and postcolonial discourse.

84. Which of the following statements is not true of Mahesh Dattani’s

"Final Solutions"?

(a) The play centres on a middle-class Hindu family during a

communal riot.
(b) It challenges communalism.
(c) It is concerned with homosexual relationships.
(d) It promotes religious pluralism in South Asia.
Ans: (c) Mahesh Dattani's "Final Solutions," first performed in
Bangalore in 1993, is a powerful three-act play that addresses the
theme of communal riots in India, exploring the complex
dynamics of religion, identity, and social conflict. Set primarily
within and around the home of Ramnik Gandhi, the narrative
unfolds during a time of heightened communal tension, as
Ramnik offers refuge to two Muslim boys fleeing a violent mob
outside. Through the intimate setting of Ramnik's house, Dattani
crafts a tense atmosphere where personal and political conflicts
intersect.The play delves into the lives of the characters, revealing
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their prejudices, fears, and aspirations while challenging the
communal ideologies that drive them apart. Dattani uses this
microcosm to confront the harsh realities of communalism and to
advocate for religious pluralism. By exposing the characters’
internal struggles and the societal pressures they face, "Final
Solutions" invites audiences to reflect on the implications of
religious intolerance and the possibility of coexistence. The play
serves as a poignant commentary on contemporary Indian
society, urging a dialogue about faith, humanity, and the necessity
of empathy in overcoming divisive narratives.

85. A.S. Byatt in her famous award-winning novel of 1990 contrasts

past and present involving a search for a Victorian poet’s past
illuminating a contemporary university researcher’s life and times.
Which is the novel?
(a) The Virgin in the Garden
(a) The Virgin in the Garden
(b) Possession
(c) Babel Tower
(d) Still Life
Ans: (b) "Possession," a novel by A. S. Byatt, published in 1990,
intricately weaves the lives of two fictional Victorian poets,
Randolph Henry Ash and Christabel LaMotte, with those of
contemporary academics Roland Michell and Maud Bailey. The
narrative begins when Roland, a literary scholar, discovers a
hidden correspondence between Ash and LaMotte, prompting an
investigation into their lives and the nature of their
relationship.As Roland and Maud delve deeper into the poets'
correspondence and poetry, they unearth a complex web of
passion, creativity, and intellectual rivalry that characterizes the
Victorian literary scene. This literary quest leads them not only to
reveal the poets' hidden affair but also to confront their own
emotions and desires, culminating in a love story that parallels the
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historical romance they are investigating.Byatt skillfully
intersperses poetry throughout the novel, enriching the narrative
with literary depth and emphasizing the connections between past
and present. "Possession" explores themes of love, possession, the
nature of scholarly pursuit, and the interplay between art and
life, ultimately highlighting how the quest for knowledge can lead
to unexpected personal revelations. The novel received critical
acclaim and won the Booker Prize, solidifying Byatt's reputation
as a significant contemporary writer.

86. Horace Walpole’s novel The Castle of Otranto tells the story of:

(a) A defiant and heartless tyrant who kills his own son mercilessly
(b) An usurper and a tyrant who kills his own daughter by mistake
(c) A castle that collapses and crushes the young and sickly prince to
death
(d) A tyrant who retires to a monastery at the end and lives happily
ever after with his queen

Ans: (b) "The Castle of Otranto," published in 1764 by Horace

Walpole, is considered one of the first gothic novels, laying the
groundwork for the genre with its elements of horror and the
supernatural. Set in the eerie Castle of Otranto, the story centers
on the tyrannical lord Manfred, who is desperate to secure his
lineage following the tragic death of his son Conrad, who is killed
by a massive helmet that mysteriously falls from the castle
walls.In his grief and ambition, Manfred becomes obsessed with
marrying Isabella, Conrad’s betrothed, believing that this union
will restore his family's fortunes. However, the narrative takes a
dark turn when Manfred, in a fit of rage and confusion,
accidentally kills his own daughter, Matilda, whom he had not
intended to harm. This act of violence and the ensuing chaos
further highlight the themes of tyranny, fate, and the
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consequences of unchecked ambition.The novel employs various
gothic tropes, including haunted settings, ominous prophecies,
and a sense of impending doom, creating a suspenseful
atmosphere that captivates readers. Walpole's work significantly
influenced later gothic literature, establishing conventions that
would be explored and expanded upon by subsequent authors.

87. Which one of the following plays does not use the device of "the
play within the play"?

(a) Hamlet
(b) Women Beware Women
(c) The Spanish Tragedy
(d) A Midsummer Night’s Dream

Ans: (b) "The technique known as "the play within the play" is a
dramatic device that allows a play to feature another
performance, often serving to reflect or comment on the main
narrative. In Thomas Kyd’s "The Spanish Tragedy," this device
is used to explore themes of revenge and justice through the
character of Hieronimo, who stages a play to avenge his son's
murder.

William Shakespeare adeptly employs this technique in several of

his works. In "Hamlet," the Mousetrap play performed by the
traveling players serves to confirm King Claudius's guilt in the
murder of Hamlet's father. In "A Midsummer Night's Dream,"
the comical play performed by the Rude Mechanicals (the
craftsmen) highlights the absurdity of love and theatricality itself.
"Love's Labour's Lost" features a performance that serves as a
source of conflict and comedy among the characters. In "The
Taming of the Shrew," the subplot of Sly and the play performed

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for him reinforces themes of gender roles and societal
expectations.

88. .................... is a theological term brought into literary criticism by

.........

(a) Entelechy, St. Augustine

(b) Ambiguity, William Empson
(c) Adequation, Fr. Walter Ong
(d) Epiphany, James Joyce

Ans: (d) Epiphany is a term originally rooted in Christian

theology, referring to the manifestation of divine presence. In the
context of literature, it was notably popularized by James Joyce,
who used it to describe moments of sudden revelation or insight
experienced by his characters. In "A Portrait of the Artist as a
Young Man," Joyce utilizes the concept of epiphany to convey
pivotal moments in the protagonist Stephen Dedalus's journey
toward self-discovery and artistic expression. These epiphanies
often occur in everyday situations, where ordinary experiences
illuminate deeper truths about life, identity, and the human
condition. Joyce’s application of epiphany reflects his belief in the
power of art to reveal profound insights and transformations in
the individual’s consciousness. This technique has since
influenced various literary movements, emphasizing the
significance of momentary clarity within the narrative.

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89. "Fluency" in language is the same as:

(a) The ability to put oneself across comfortably in speech and/or

writing.
(b) The ability to command language rather than language
commanding the user.
(c) Glibness
(d) Accuracy

Ans: (a) Fluency in language denotes the capacity to communicate

effectively and effortlessly, whether in spoken or written form. It
encompasses not only the speed and ease of expression but also
the ability to convey thoughts clearly and coherently. A fluent
speaker or writer is capable of using language with appropriate
vocabulary, grammar, and syntax, allowing for fluid interactions
and the successful exchange of ideas. Fluency often involves a
natural flow of speech and writing, where the individual can
respond quickly and adapt their language use to different
contexts and audiences. In addition to linguistic skills, fluency
may also include cultural awareness and understanding,
facilitating more meaningful communication.

90. "Forlorn the very word is like a bell To toll me back from thee to
my sole self!" Which word?

(a) Bird
(b) Immortal
(c) Forlorn
(d) Fancy

Ans: (c) In John Keats’ "Ode to a Nightingale," the word forlorn

plays a pivotal role in conveying the poet's profound sense of
loneliness and desolation. It encapsulates the feelings of isolation
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that Keats experiences as he grapples with the transient nature of
life and beauty. The nightingale’s song evokes a longing for
escape from the harsh realities of human existence, amplifying his
sense of being disconnected from the joyful, carefree world that
the bird represents. Throughout the poem, this feeling of
forlornness intertwines with themes of mortality, longing, and the
search for solace in art, ultimately highlighting the contrast
between the eternal song of the nightingale and the poet's
ephemeral human condition.

91. Arrange the following English literary periods in the order in

which they appeared. Use the codes given below:

Codes:
I. Elizabethan
II. Caroline
III. Anglo-Norman
IV. Early Tudor

The correct combination according to the code is:

(a) III, II, IV, I

(b) III, IV, II, I
(c) II, III, IV, I
(d) III, IV, I, II

Ans: (d) The correct order is: Anglo-Norman period (1066-1204),

Early Tudor period (1485-1603), Elizabethan period (1558-1603),
and Caroline period (1625-1649).

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92. Which of the following statements is not true of Wole Soyinka’s
The Swamp Dwellers?

(a) It talks about the family, the extended family in the African
society.
(b) It is a confrontation between the traditional and modern society.
(c) It talks about the migration of people, crossing of borders and
diasporic anguish.
(d) It is a comment about the city, urban, modern and the country
rural, the swamp, the ancient.

Ans: (c)The Swamp Dwellers by Wole Soyinka intricately

explores the themes of family dynamics and the clash between
traditional and modern values within African society. The play
portrays the complexities of familial relationships, illustrating
how characters navigate their roles and responsibilities amid
societal changes.Central to the narrative is the tension between
the old ways of life, deeply rooted in cultural traditions, and the
encroaching influence of modernity, which challenges these
values. This confrontation reflects broader societal
transformations, highlighting the struggles of individuals caught
between preserving their heritage and adapting to new
realities.Instead, it remains focused on the internal conflicts and
interpersonal relationships within a specific community,
emphasizing how these dynamics shape the characters' identities
and their responses to external pressures. Thus, while it addresses
significant societal issues, The Swamp Dwellers is not concerned
with the themes of crossing borders or the anguish typically
associated with diaspora.

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93. Which of the following is not true of post-structuralism?

(a) It seeks to undermine the idea that meaning pre-exists its linguistic
expression.
(b) There can be no meaning which is not formulated and no language
formulation reaches anywhere beyond language.
(c) There is no a-textual 'origin' of a text.
(d) Every sign refers to every other sign adequately.

Ans: (d) The statement "Every sign refers to every other sign
adequately" does not align with post-structuralist theory, which
fundamentally challenges the notion of fixed meanings in
language. Post-structuralism, particularly as articulated by
theorists like Jacques Derrida, posits that meaning is not stable or
absolute; instead, it is contingent, contextual, and fluid.In this
framework, signs do not refer to one another in a straightforward
or adequate manner. Rather, the relationships between signs are
characterized by ambiguity, difference, and deferral of
meaning—what Derrida terms "différance." This means that the
meaning of any sign is always in flux, shaped by its context and its
relation to other signs, but never fully realized or complete.

94. "Every demon carries within him unknown to himself, a tiny seed
of self-destruction and goes up in the most unexpected moment.” To
which of R.K. Narayan’s characters does the above statement apply?

(a) Raju - The Guide

(b) Jagan - The Sweet Vendor
(c) Vasu - Man Eater of Malgudi
(d) Margayya - The Financial Expert

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Ans: (c)In R.K. Narayan's Man Eater of Malgudi, the character
Vasu serves as a powerful representation of the idea that every
individual who embodies destructive traits carries within them
the potential for self-destruction. Vasu is a taxidermist with a
ruthless disposition, often driven by his desire for power and
control over his environment and the creatures within
it.Throughout the story, Vasu's arrogance and disregard for the
natural order alienate him from the community and even from
his own conscience. His actions—hunting and killing animals
without respect for their lives—symbolize a larger commentary
on humanity’s often exploitative relationship with nature.
However, this very brutality ultimately becomes his downfall.In a
twist of irony, Vasu's self-destructive tendencies manifest when he
underestimates the forces of nature and the consequences of his
actions. The conflict escalates to a point where he faces
retribution not just from the environment he has disrespected,
but also from the spiritual beliefs of the community. The
culmination of his hubris leads to a tragic end, emphasizing the
notion that those who engage in destructive behavior often find
themselves ensnared by their own actions.

95. Conventional scholarship dates ‘Early Modern English’ as

beginning around:

(a) 450
(b) 1066
(c) 1500
(d) 1800

Ans: (c) Early Modern English begins around 1500.

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96. Which of the following statements is not true of Patrick White?

(a) He is remembered today for his epic and psychological narrative

art.
(b) He is the only Australian to receive the Nobel Prize in literature.
(c) He pioneered a new fictional landscape and introduced a new
continent in literature.
(d) His style is noted for lucidity and simplicity.

Ans: (d) Patrick White is recognized for his intricate writing style,
which is marked by elaborate, florid prose and the use of stream-
of-consciousness techniques. His narratives often delve deeply
into the psychological states of his characters, employing rich and
layered language that can be challenging yet profoundly
rewarding for readers. This complexity reflects his exploration of
themes related to identity, existence, and the human condition.In
contrast to a more straightforward style, White’s work embraces
ambiguity and depth, encouraging readers to engage with the text
on multiple levels. His focus on the inner lives of characters often
requires a careful and attentive reading, as meanings and
connections unfold in a non-linear manner. Therefore, it is
inaccurate to describe his writing as lucid and simple; rather, it is
the complexity and richness of his prose that define his literary
contributions.

97. According to Bakhtin, the idea of the Carnivalesque represents the

following characteristics except:

(a) A liberation from the prevailing truth and established order

(b) A harking back to the past
(c) Emphasis on play, parody, pleasure, and the body
(d) The suspension of all hierarchical rank, principles, norms, and
prohibitions
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Ans: (b)The concept of the Carnivalesque, as articulated by
Mikhail Bakhtin, emphasizes a temporary disruption of
established social norms and hierarchies rather than a nostalgia
for the past. In a Carnivalesque setting, traditional rules and
expectations are suspended, allowing for a space where the usual
order of life is turned upside down.During this period,
conventions related to class, authority, and propriety are
challenged, fostering an atmosphere of freedom, humor, and
creativity. It is a time when individuals can engage in playful
subversion, often through parody, satire, and the grotesque. This
liberation from societal constraints does not aim to return to past
traditions; instead, it opens up possibilities for new ways of
thinking and being.Thus, while the Carnivalesque may draw on
historical elements, its primary function is to create a moment of
transformation that allows for the re-examination of social
structures and the emergence of alternative perspectives,
highlighting the fluidity of meaning and identity.

98. Why does Jean Baudrillard adopt Disneyland as his own sign?

(a) Disneyland is by far the most eminently noticeable cultural sign in

the postmodern world.
(b) Disneyland captures ‘essences’ and ‘non-essences’ of Reality
more convincingly than other cultural venues.
(c) Disneyland is an artifact that so obviously announces its own
fictiveness that it would seem to imply some counterbalancing reality.

Ans: (c)Jean Baudrillard utilizes Disneyland as a prime example

of hyperreality, a concept where the distinction between reality
and representation blurs. Disneyland presents itself as a
meticulously crafted environment that openly acknowledges its
own artificiality, creating an experience that feels more real than
reality itself.In this space, the "real" is replaced by a series of
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simulations and reproductions that serve to entertain and engage
visitors in a way that feels authentic, even though it is
fundamentally constructed. By doing so, Disneyland highlights
the notion that contemporary culture often prefers the simulation
over the genuine experience, leading to a state where individuals
may find themselves unable to differentiate between the
two.Baudrillard argues that this hyperreal environment not only
obscures the line between what is real and what is imagined but
also suggests the existence of a "counterbalancing reality"—a
deeper truth or reality that is often overlooked in favor of
superficial experiences. This dynamic illustrates how modern
society increasingly engages with simulations, prioritizing curated
experiences that shape perceptions of reality itself.

99. Match the following correctly:

I. Langue/Parole
II. Competence/Performance
III. Iconic/Indexical
IV. Readerly/Writerly

I. II. III.
(a) (C) (B) (A)
(b) (C) (A) (B)
(c) (A) (C) (D)
(d) (B) (C) (A)

Ans: (b) Correctly matched:

I. Langue/Parole - Ferdinand de Saussure
II. Competence/Performance - Noam Chomsky
III. Iconic/Indexical - C. S. Pierce
IV. Readerly/Writerly - Roland Barthes

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100. Identify the correctly matched pair:

(a) Amitav Ghosh - All About H. Halter

(b) Anita Desai - Inheritance of Loss
(c) Shashi Deshpande - A Bend in the Ganges
(d) Salman Rushdie - The Enchantress of Florence

Ans: (d) Correctly matched:

All About H. Halter - G. V. Desani

Inheritance of Loss - Kiran Desai

A Bend in the Ganges - Manohar Malgonkar

The Enchantress of Florence - Salman Rushdie

THANK YOU!!

YOGESH TIWARI
8169554904

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