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9-Control-Systems-Block-Diagram-Reduction

The document outlines the rules for simplifying block diagrams in control systems, including methods for reducing blocks connected in series, parallel, and feedback loops. It provides a step-by-step example of applying these rules to achieve a simplified block diagram and derive the overall transfer function. Additionally, it mentions the use of signal flow graphs as an alternative method to simplify complex systems more efficiently.

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Jonathan Melandro Espinosa
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67 views4 pages

9-Control-Systems-Block-Diagram-Reduction

The document outlines the rules for simplifying block diagrams in control systems, including methods for reducing blocks connected in series, parallel, and feedback loops. It provides a step-by-step example of applying these rules to achieve a simplified block diagram and derive the overall transfer function. Additionally, it mentions the use of signal flow graphs as an alternative method to simplify complex systems more efficiently.

Uploaded by

Jonathan Melandro Espinosa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Control Systems - Block Diagram Reduction


The concepts discussed in the previous chapter are helpful for reducing (simplifying) the
block diagrams.

Block Diagram Reduction Rules


Follow these rules for simplifying (reducing) the block diagram, which is having many
blocks, summing points and take-off points.

Rule 1 − Check for the blocks connected in series and simplify.


Rule 2 − Check for the blocks connected in parallel and simplify.

Rule 3 − Check for the blocks connected in feedback loop and simplify.

Rule 4 − If there is difficulty with take-off point while simplifying, shift it towards
right.

Rule 5 − If there is difficulty with summing point while simplifying, shift it


towards left.

Rule 6 − Repeat the above steps till you get the simplified form, i.e., single
block.

Note − The transfer function present in this single block is the transfer function of the
overall block diagram.

Example

Consider the block diagram shown in the following figure. Let us simplify (reduce) this
block diagram using the block diagram reduction rules.

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Step 1 − Use Rule 1 for blocks G1 and G2 . Use Rule 2 for blocks G3 and G4 . The
modified block diagram is shown in the following figure.

Step 2 − Use Rule 3 for blocks G1 G2 and H1 . Use Rule 4 for shifting take-off point after
the block G5 . The modified block diagram is shown in the following figure.

Step 3 − Use Rule 1 for blocks (G 3 + G 4 ) and G5 . The modified block diagram is shown
in the following figure.

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Step 4 − Use Rule 3 for blocks (G 3 + G 4 )G 5 and H3 . The modified block diagram is
shown in the following figure.

Step 5 − Use Rule 1 for blocks connected in series. The modified block diagram is shown
in the following figure.

Step 6 − Use Rule 3 for blocks connected in feedback loop. The modified block diagram
is shown in the following figure. This is the simplified block diagram.

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Therefore, the transfer function of the system is

Y (s)

R(s)

2
G 1 G 2 G (G 3 + G 4 )
5
=
(1 + G1 G2 H 1 ){1 + (G3 + G4 )G5 H 3 }G5 − G1 G2 G5 (G3 + G4 )H 2

Note − Follow these steps in order to calculate the transfer function of the block diagram
having multiple inputs.

Step 1 − Find the transfer function of block diagram by considering one input at
a time and make the remaining inputs as zero.

Step 2 − Repeat step 1 for remaining inputs.


Step 3 − Get the overall transfer function by adding all those transfer functions.

The block diagram reduction process takes more time for complicated systems. Because,
we have to draw the (partially simplified) block diagram after each step. So, to overcome
this drawback, use signal flow graphs (representation).

In the next two chapters, we will discuss about the concepts related to signal flow
graphs, i.e., how to represent signal flow graph from a given block diagram and
calculation of transfer function just by using a gain formula without doing any reduction
process.

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