day2:may1
This keyword:
The this keyword refers to the current object in a method or constructor. The most
common use of the this keyword is to eliminate the confusion
between class attributes and parameters with the same name .
modifiers: private,protected,default,public.
non access modifiers: static, final ,abstarct,synchronized,transient.
**only final keywork is for only local modifiers.
private: a class cant be private,
private keyword can be used for data members,inner classes,methods.
private members accessed with in the class.
protected: it is same as class but members are accessed with in same package/
another package.
public: a class can be public , where name of the class same as source code file
name,accessible any where.
Encapsulation: binding/wrapping of the combined data( data members+ methods) in a
container called as one class and provide security to data members.
abstract classes:
it is used to set rules
an abstract keyword is used for method as wellas abstract class
**if any class extends abstract class then we have to override all abstract methods
else make the class as abstarct
**we cant create objects for abstarct classes.
Interfaces:it is used to forms the rules and specifications
doesn't force is-a relationship
all datamembers are by default they are publlic,static,final\
in Interface all methods are public and abstract.
** if a class implements interface we need to override the all abstarct methods
else make class as abstract.
a class can extends multiple interfaces
a interface extends multiple interfaces.
EXCEPTION HANDLING:
types of errors:
compile time/syntax errors
logical errors/semantic
runtime erros/exception
an exception is a runtime error which occurs during program execution and
terminates the program suddenly.
checked,unchecked,error are different types of exceptions. ex:sql injection
checked is like eoor at compile time,unchecked exceptions mainly occur at
runtime .
where errors are arthimetic etc..ex: null pointer, array out of bounds.
excdeption handling is to avoid termination of a program it makes the
program works fine with the help of some exception keywords:
blocks:try,catch,finally
clauses:throw,throws
finally block is used to do closing operations.
user defined exceptions/custom exceptions: creating a class which is
subclass of exception class.
throw: define our own set of conditions and throw an exception explicitly
using throw keyword. For example, we can throw ArithmeticException
if we divide a number by another number. Here, we just need to set the
condition and throw exception using throw keyword.
multithreading is used to increase the performance of application?--
Multithreading is a Java feature that allows concurrent execution of two or
more parts of a program for maximum utilization of CPU.
Each part of such program is called a thread.
Multithreading in Java is a process of executing multiple threads
simultaneously.
sleep() when this invoked on thread ,the thread go to block state of some
milli seconds for ex: etc
thread.sleep(1000)
arrays vs collections--->
arrays--- fixed size ,continuous memory similar datatype
collections---opposite to arrays.
map: collect elements in key value pairs
set:is unordered
list:elements are ordered.
linkedlists:less memory <<array, no continuous memory, operations are less cost
