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scop resolution

The scope resolution operator (::) in C++ is used to access global variables or member functions that are hidden by local variables or functions. It allows for the definition of member functions outside of their class, access to static variables and functions, and overriding functions in inheritance. Several example programs demonstrate its usage in different contexts, including accessing hidden values, defining member functions, and using namespaces.

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15 views8 pages

scop resolution

The scope resolution operator (::) in C++ is used to access global variables or member functions that are hidden by local variables or functions. It allows for the definition of member functions outside of their class, access to static variables and functions, and overriding functions in inheritance. Several example programs demonstrate its usage in different contexts, including accessing hidden values, defining member functions, and using namespaces.

Uploaded by

ajju10080
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Scope Resolution Operator in C++

The scope resolution operator is used to reference the global variable or member
function that is out of scope. Therefore, we use the scope resolution operator to
access the hidden variable or function of a program. The operator is represented as
the double colon (::) symbol.

For example, when the global and local variable or function has the same
name in a program, and when we call the variable, by default it only
accesses the inner or local variable without calling the global variable. In this
way, it hides the global variable or function. To overcome this situation, we
use the scope resolution operator to fetch a program's hidden variable or
function.

Uses of the scope resolution Operator


1. It is used to access the hidden variables or member functions of a program.
2. It defines the member function outside of the class using the scope
resolution.
3. It is used to access the static variable and static function of a class.
4. The scope resolution operator is used to override function in the Inheritance.
Program to access the hidden value using the scope resolution
(::) operator
Program1.cpp

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// declare global variable
int num = 50;
int main ()
{
// declare local variable
int num = 100;

// print the value of the variables


cout << " The value of the local variable num: " << num;

// use scope resolution operator (::) to access the global variable


cout << "\n The value of the global variable num: " << ::num;
return 0;
}

Output

The value of the local variable num: 100


The value of the global variable num: 50
Program to define the member function outside of the class using
the scope resolution (::) operator
Program2.cpp

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Operate
{
public:
void fun(); // declaration of the member function

};
// define the member function outside the class.
void Operate::fun() /* return_type Class_Name::function_name */
{
cout << " It is the member function of the class. ";
}
int main ()
{
// create an object of the class Operate
Operate op;
op.fun();
return 0;
}

Output

It is the member function of the class.


Program to demonstrate the standard namespace using the
scope resolution (::) operator
Program3.cpp

#include <iostream>
int main ()
{
int num = 0;

// use scope resolution operator with std namespace


std :: cout << " Enter the value of num: ";
std::cin >> num;
std:: cout << " The value of num is: " << num;
}

Output

Enter the value of num: 50


The value of num is: 50
Program to access the static variable using the scope resolution
(::) operator
Program4.cpp

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Parent
{
static int n1;
public:
static int n2; // The class member can be accessed using the scope re
solution operator.
void fun1 ( int n1)
{ // n1 is accessed by the scope resolution operator (:: )
cout << " The value of the static integer n1: " << Parent::n1;
cout << " \n The value of the local variable n1: " << n1;
}
};
// define a static member explicitly using :: operator
int Parent::n1 = 5; // declare the value of the variable n1
int Parent::n2 = 10;
int main ()
{
Parent b;
int n1 = 15;
b.fun1 (n1);
cout << " \n The value of the Base::n2 = " << Parent::n2;
return 0;
}

Output

The value of the static integer n1: 5


The value of the local variable n1: 15
The value of the Base::n2 = 10
Program to access the static member function using the scope
resolution (::) operator
Program5.cpp

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class ABC
{
public:
// declare static member function
static int fun()
{
cout << " \n Use scope resolution operator to access the static membe
r. ";
}
};
int main ()
{
// class_name :: function name
ABC :: fun ();
return 0;
}

Output

Use scope resolution operator to access the static member.


Program to override the member function using the scope
resolution (::) operator
Program5.cpp

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class ABC
{
// declare access specifier
public:
void test ()
{
cout << " \n It is the test() function of the ABC class. ";
}
};
// derive the functionality or member function of the base class
class child : public ABC
{
public:
void test()
{
ABC::test();
cout << " \n It is the test() function of the child class. ";
}
};
int main ()
{
// create object of the derived class
child ch;
ch.test();
return 0;
}

Output
It is the test() function of the ABC class.
It is the test() function of the child class.

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