ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM-II

Credit Hours: Four 4(3-1)

Objectives: The main objective of this course is to

understand the Physics of Electromagnetism and to develop simple mathematical
formalisms to analyze the electromagnetic fields. This is a calculus-based
introductory course with maximum emphasis on applying the acquired knowledge to
solving problems.

Magnetic Field and Magnetic Force: Crossed Electric and Magnetic Fields and
their Applications, Hall Effect, Magnetic Force on a Current Carrying Wire,
Torque on a Current Loop, Magnetic Dipole Moment, Magnetic Field Due to a
Current, Force between two Parallel Currents, Ampere’s Law, Biot-Savart Law:
Magnetic Field due to a Current, Long Straight Wire carrying Current, Solenoids
and Toroids, A current-carrying Coil as a Magnetic Dipole, Inductance, Faraday’s
Law of Induction, Lenz’s Law, Induction and Energy Transfers, Induced Electric
Fields, Inductors and Inductances, Self Inductance, RL Circuits, Energy Stored
in a Magnetic Field, Energy Density, Mutual Induction.

Alternating Fields and Currents: LC Oscillations, Damped Oscillations in an RLC

circuit, Alternating Currents, Forced Oscillations, Resistive, Capacitive, and
Inductive Loads, RLC series Circuit, Power in AC Circuits, Transformers, Gauss’
Law for Magnetism, Induced Magnetic Fields, Displacement Current, Spin & Orbital
Magnetic Dipole Moment, Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism, Ferromagnetism,
Hysteresis.

Lab: Capacitance And Inductance, Electromagnetic Induction, Inductors And

Transformers, Motors, Magnetic Fields Due To Currents And Permanent Magnets,
Ferromagnetism And Ferroelectricity, Determination Of Hysteresis Curves,
Determination Of Curie Point, Magnetic Susceptibility And Its Temperature
Dependence, Dielectric Properties Measurement, Mapping Of Magnetic Fields Using
Hall Sensors, Experiments On Noise, Properties Of The Light Bulb

Recommended Books:
D. Halliday, R. Resnick and J. Walker, “Fundamentals of Physics”, John Wiley &
Sons, 9th ed. 2010.

R. A. Serway and J. W. Jewett, “Physics for Scientists and Engineers”, Golden

Sunburst Series, 8th ed. 2010.

R. A. Freedman, H. D. Young, and A. L. Ford (Sears and Zeemansky), “University

Physics with Modern Physics”, Addison-Wesley-Longman, 13th International ed.
2010.

F. J Keller, W. E. Gettys and M. J. Skove, “Physics: Classical and Modern,

McGraw Hill. 2nd ed. 1992.

D. C. Giancoli, “Physics for Scientists and Engineers, with Modern Physics”,

Addison-Wesley, 4th ed. 2008.

HEAT AND THERMODYNAMICS

Credit Hours: Three (3)

Objective(s): To understand the fundamentals of heat and thermodynamics

Basic Concepts: Thermodynamic systems, Surrounding and Boundaries. Type of

systems.Macroscopic and microscopic description of system. Properties and state
of the substance: Extensive and Intensive properties, Equilibrium, Mechanical
and Thermal Equilibrium. Processes and Cycles: Isothermal, Isobaric and
Isochoric. Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics, Consequence of Zeroth law of
Thermodynamics.The state of the system at Equilibrium.

Heat and Temperature: Temperature, Kinetic theory of ideal gas, Work done on
an ideal gas, Internal energy of an ideal gas: Equipartition of Energy,
Intermolecular forces, The Virial expansion, The Van der Waals equation of
state.
Thermodynamics: First law of thermodynamics and its applications to adiabatic,
isothermal, cyclic and free expansion. Reversible and irreversible processes,
Second law of thermodynamics, Carnot theorem and Carnot engine, Heat engine,
Refrigerators, Calculation of efficiency of heat engines.

Thermodynamic temperature scale: Absolute zero, Entropy, Entropy in reversible

process, Entropy in irreversible process. Entropy and second law of
thermodynamics, Entropy and Probability, Thermodynamic potentials, Maxwell’s
relations, TdS equations. Energy equations and their applications, Intrinsic
and mutual stabilities of single component system, Conditions of stabilities,
The Le Chatelier-Braun Principle, Phase transitions (latent heat), First order
Phase transition, Discontinuities of Volume and Entropy, Second Order Phase
Transition, Low Temperature Physics, Joule-Thomson effect and its equations.
Thermoelectricity: Thermocouple, Seabeck’s effect, Peltier’s effect, Thomson
effect.

Introduction to Statistical Mechanics: Statistical distribution and mean

values, Mean free path and microscopic calculations of mean free path.
Distribution of Molecular Speeds, Distribution of Energies, Maxwell
distribution, Maxwell Boltzmann energy distribution, Internal energy of an ideal
gas, Brownian Motion and Langevin equation, Qualitative description.

Recommended Books:

D. Halliday, R. Resnick and K. Krane, “Physics”, John Wiley, 5th ed. 2002.

D. Halliday, R. Resnick and J. Walker, “Fundamentals of Physics”, John Wiley,

9th ed. 2010.

M. W. Zemansky, “Heat and Thermodynamics”, Mc Graw Hill, 7th ed. 1997

M. Sprackling, “Thermal Physics” McMillan 1991.

B. N. Roy, “Principle of Modern Thermodynamics”, Institute of Physics, London

1995.
 MODERN PHYSICS
Credit Hours: Three (3)

Objective(s): To understand the non-classical aspects of Physics and to

give the concept of Modern physics

X-Rays: Production of X-rays, Measurement of the intensity of X-rays,

Diffraction of X-rays and Bragg’s law, single crystal X-ray spectrometer, X-ray
spectrum (continuous and discrete) Moseley’s law, X-ray energy level diagram,
radiation less transitions, Auger effect, related problems.

Origin of Quantum Theory: The failure of classical Physics to describe atomic

phenomena, the emission and absorption of thermal radiation, the classical
theory of thermal radiation, the failure of the classical theory of thermal
radiation, Planck’s quantum theory of thermal radiation, Quantum theory and
thermal radiation, Photoelectric and Compton effect, related problems.

Wave Nature of Matter: Wave behavior of particle (wave function etc.) its
definition and relation to probability of particle, d’Broglie hypothesis and
its testing, Davisson- Germer Experiment and J.P. Thomson Experiment, Wave
packets and particles, localizing a wave in space and time

Special Theory of Relativity: Inertial and non-inertial frame, Postulates of

Relativity, The Lorentz Transformation, Derivation, Assumptions on which inverse
transformation is derived, Consequences of Lorentz transformation, Relativity
of time, Relativity of length, Relativity of mass, Transformationof velocity,
variation of mass with velocity, mass energy relation and its importance,
relativistic momentum and Relativistic energy, (Lorentz invariants) E2= p2c2+mo2
c4

Recommended Books:

1. Robert M Eisberg, Fundamentals of Modern Physics, John Wiley & Sons 1961

2. Sanjiv Puri, Modern Physics, Narosa Publishing House, 2004.

3. Paul A. Tipler and Ralph A. Llewellyn, Modern Physics 3rd edition, W H

Freeman and Company 2000.

4. Arthur Beiser, Concepts of Modern Physics (fifth edition) McGraw-Hill 1995

5. Robert M. Eisberg and Robert Resnick, Quantum Physics of Atoms, molecules,
Solids, Nuclei and Particles, 2nd edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2002.

6. D. Halliday, R. Resnick, K. S. Krane, Physics, John Willey & sons, Inc.,

1992.

7. D. Halliday, R. Resnick, K. S. Krane, Physics, John Willey & sons, Inc.,

1992.

ALGEBRA AND DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Prerequisite(s): Calculus

Credit Hours: 3 (3-0)

Specific Objectives of the Course:

To introduce the students to the formulation, classification of differential

equations existence and uniqueness of solutions. To provide skill in solving
initial value and boundary value problems. To develop understanding and skill
in solving first and second order linear homogeneous and nonhomogeneous
differential equations and solving differential equations using power series
methods.

Course Outline:

Preliminaries: Introduction and formulation, classification of differential

equations, existence and uniqueness of solutions, introduction of initial value
and boundary value problems.

First order ordinary differential equations: Basic concepts, formation and

solution of differential equations. Separable variables, Exact Equations,
Homogeneous Equations, Linear equations, integrating factors. Some nonlinear
first order equations with known solution, differential equations of Bernoulli
and Ricaati type, Clairaut equation, modeling with first-order ODEs, Basic
theory of systems of first order linear equations, Homogeneous linear system
with constant coefficients, Non homogeneous linear system.
Second and higher order linear differential equations: Initial value and
boundary value problems, Homogeneous and non-homogeneous equations,
Superposition principle, homogeneous equations with constant coefficients,
Linear independence and Wronskian, Nonhomogeneous equations, undetermined
coefficients method, variation of parameters, Cauchy-Euler equation, Modeling.

System of Linear Equations: Representation in matrix form. Matrices. Operations

on matrices. Echelon and reduced echelon form. Inverse of a matrix (by elementary
row operations). Solution of linear system. Gauss-Jordan method. Gaussian
elimination.

Determinants: Permutations of order two and three and definitions of

determinants of the same order. Computing of determinants. Definition of higher
order determinants. Properties. Expansion of determinants.

Vector Spaces: Definition and examples, subspaces. Linear combination and

spanning set. Linearly Independent sets. Finitely generated vector spaces. Bases
and dimension of a vector space. Operations on subspaces, Intersections, sums
and direct sums of subspaces. Quotient Spaces.

Linear mappings: Definition and examples. Kernel and image of a linear mapping.
Rank and nullity. Reflections, projections, and homotheties. Change of basis.
Eigen-values and eigenvectors. Theorem of Hamilton-Cayley.

Inner product Spaces: Definition and examples. Properties, Projection. Cauchy

inequality. Orthogonal and orthonormal basis. Gram Schmidt Process.
Diagonalization.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS:

Zill DG, Cullen MR, Differential Equations with Boundary-Value Problems

(3rdedition), 1997, PWS Publishing Co, Boston.

Kreyszig E, Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Erwin Kreyszig (10th edition),

2011, John Wiley.

ShilovGE, Linear Algebra, 1977, Dover Publications, New York.

ZillD G, CulleM R, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 1996, PWS, Publishing

Company, Boston.
Herstein IN, Topics in Algebra (2nd edition), 1975, John Wiley.

TrooperAM, Linear Algebra, 1969, Thomas Nelson and Sons.

Anton H, Linear Algebra with Applications (8thedition), 1997, John Wiley, New
York

Hill RO, Elementary Linear Algebra with Application (3rd edition), 1995,
Brooks/Cole, USA.

Physical Chemistry
Credit Hours: Three (3)

Course Objectives

To acquire the basic knowledge of physical states of matter, chemical

thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, solution chemistry and surface chemistry.
Completion of this course will enable students to study the more advanced
physical chemistry courses.

Course Contents

Physical States of Matter

Ideal and real gases, equations of state, critical phenomenon and critical
constants. Molecules in motion: collision diameter and mean free path. Physical
properties of liquids: surface tension, viscosity, refractive index etc. and
their applications. Brief account of interactions among the molecules in
liquids. Packing of atoms in solids. Unit cells and crystal systems. Method of
crystal structure analysis. Brief account of polymers and composite materials
with special emphasis on superconductors, semi-conductors etc. Introduction to
plasma.
Chemical Thermodynamics

Laws of thermodynamics and their applications. Thermodynamic functions: internal

energy, enthalpy, entropy and free energy. Relation between thermodynamic
functions. van’t Hoff’s equation. Heat capacities, concept of entropy and
probability.

Chemical Kinetics

Rate of reaction and Rate law. Order and molecularity of the reactions. Zero,
first and second order reactions. Determination of reaction order and its rate
constant. Effect of temperature on the reaction rate. Concepts of chemical
equilibrium. Le-Chatelier’s principle and it s applications. Elementary concepts
underlying complex and fast reactions.

Solution Chemistry

Ideal and non-ideal solutions. Raoult’s and Henery’s laws and their applications.
Molecular interactions in solutions. Colligative properties. Distillation and
concept of azeotropic mixture.

Surface Chemistry

Concept of interfaces. Adsorption and adsorption isotherms: Freundlich and

Langmuir adsorption isotherms. Catalysis, colloids emulsion and their industrial
applications.

Recommended Books

Alberty R. “Physical Chemistry” 17th ed., John Wiley and Sons (1987).

Atkins, P.W. “Physical Chemistry” 6th ed., W.H. Freeman and Co. New York (1998).

Barrow G.M. “Physical Chemistry” 5th ed., McGraw Hill (1992).

Laidler K.J., John H.M. and Bryan C.S. “Physical Chemistry” 4th ed., Houghton
Mifflin Publishing Company Inc.(2003).