Before directly going to seed collection, which activity may not be considered

under planning phase?

A. Identifying, mapping and regularly surveying of seed sources
B. Identification of parent trees, flowing, fruiting and deciding on harvesting
time
C. Deciding on pre-sowing treatment
D. Organizing collection teams, equipment, transport, permit and record keeping
E. Deciding on appropriate seed collection mechanism
ANSWER: C

Of the following one is incorrect about condition to be considered for area of seed
source selection?
A. Similarity of the locality with nursery and plantation site
B. Existence of at least 30 sufficiently old, big, healthy and vigorous trees
C. Flowing and fruiting of most trees in the year of good climatic conditions
D. An area which has baseline information, particularly if it is natural forest.
E. An area which is reasonably easy to reach with a vehicle
ANSWER: D

Which one is wrong statement about plant phenology and physiology for planning and
preparation of seed collection?
A. If many trees in the stand flower prolifically there is a potential for a good
seed crop
B. Climate correlation and phenology tables will be used in area with erratic
rainfall or temperature
C. In dry climates most species flower during the dry season and fruits are mature
and dispersed just before or during the early part of the rainy season
D. Fruits of some species grow quickly into mature size, in others it may take
several months
E. Unless the species is prone to heavy predation or late fruit abortion, a
reliable quantitative crop assessment can usually be carried out on immature fruits
ANSWER: B

Assessment of seed quality can be done through?

A. Cutting test
B. Exposed to a flotation test
C. X-ray examination
ANSWER: A, B, C

What measure will you use to collect seeds on trees which haves special problems
like extreme thorny or dangerous insects?
A. Wear protective clothes, gloves and/or use various insect repellents
B. Examine the crowns with a pair of binoculars before climbing
C. Collect the seeds after natural seed fall
ANSWER: A, B, C

Which one is wrong about seed storage mechanism?

A. Store seeds at the lowest possible temperature that will not damage the seeds.
B. Eliminate as many pathogens as possible after storage
C. Store orthodox and intermediate seeds with low moisture content in airtight
containers.
D. Store recalcitrant seeds in material permeable to gases but that retains of
moisture.
ANSWER: B

Which one of the following is a pretreatment mechanism for Physical dormancy?

A. Mechanical cracking of restricting structure
B. Mechanical scarification, boiling water or acid pretreatment
C. Removal of fruit pulp plus leaching with water
D. Stratification
ANSWER: A

Which pretreatment mechanism is used to overcome for Chemical dormancy

A. Mechanical cracking of restricting structure
B. Mechanical scarification, boiling water or acid pretreatment
C. Removal of fruit pulp plus leaching with water
D. Stratification
E. Exposure to light
ANSWER: C

Which one of the following is not an advantage of tree nursery establishment?

A. Income generation for operators & employment opportunities for technical,
skilled, semi-skilled, unskilled labor
B. Serve as important training and research ground for many smallholder farmers
C. Propagating recalcitrant seeds and species with irregular flowering/fruiting
D. Provide optimum care and attention to seedlings during their critical juvenile
stage
E. Producing genetically inferior planting materials
ANSWER: E

Suppose you have employed as an expert of nursery practitioner in a certain

district and you are going to establish and manage a nursery site. What would you
do?
A. Organizing team who can operate nursery site selection
B. Providing training to the organized team
C. Analysis key factors affecting nursery site selection and management
D. Creating team spirit with nursery site workers and good relation with local
communities
ANSWER: A, B, C, D

Which site characteristics is not suitable for nursery and plantation establishment
A. A site with long growing period
B. A site with deep clay soil
C. A site with access of water throughout the year
D. A site large enough for production and free of conflict
E. A site which is accessible to transport
ANSWER: B

What will you do if the proposed site for nursery establishment has a conflict of
interest with the local community?
A. The land which is traditional uses for fuel wood and grazing should not be
considered
B. The land which is claimed by many groups or individuals should be avoided
C. For private land and water rights clear lease agreements have to be made
ANSWER: A, B, C

In area where there is a shortage of water what kinds of seed bed should be
prepared?
A. Sunken beds and sunken pathways
B. Raised beds and sunken pathways
C. Sunken beds and raised pathways
D. Raised beds and raised route pathways
ANSWER: C

When direct sowing onto pots can be done?

A. Germination percent is known to be fairly high
B. Germination period is long
C. Transplanting would not cause damage or deaths to seedlings
D. The species develops a long sensitive taproot
ANSWER: A

If the site is accessible, poor in pre-existing forest stand with medium to good
fertility, what land use allocation and management system you will recommend?
A. Commercial reforestation with intensive mechanized methods
B. Commercial reforestation with intensive manual methods
C. Management of the natural existed stand
D. Management possible with protective reforestation using extensive methods
ANSWER: B

Which one is not a characteristics of species used for veneer production?

A. Strong wood�Specific gravity usually higher than 0.4
B. Moderate to fast growth and ability to grow to large size
C. Straight and circular bole and minimal branches
D. Poor seasoning, preservation and resistance to termites and other damaging
agents
ANSWER: D

Which species will not be preferred for timber production?

A. Acacia decurrens
B. Cupressus lusitanica
C. Eucalyptus globulus
D. Pinus patula
ANSWER: A

Under what circumstance manual site clearance method is exercised?

A. Where the grounds cover requires a maximum of disturbance prior to planting.
B. Where there is shortage of labor
C. Where the terrain is too difficult for operation
D. Where the plantation is intended to be large-scale production
ANSWER: C

When circumstance planting without pitting is being practiced?

A. When small bare-rooted seedlings are intended to be grow
B. When the area is moisture deficient
C. When species are sensitive to weed and other factors
D. When the area is nutrient poor
ANSWER: A

Under what condition, weeding can be done frequently for prolonged period?
A. The tree crop has fast growth rate
B. Woody re-growth vegetation or climber dominates site
C. Trees have heavy crown density
D. Very close spacing is used
ANSWER: B

Which one is correct statement about spacing?

A. Closer spacing is often recommended for poorer site
B. Slower growing species need to be planted at wider spacing
C. Wider spacing is beneficial if intermediate return is considered
D. Wider spacing is appropriate for saw log and veneer producing species
ANSWER: D

Under what circumstance, selection thinning is not applied?

A. If the plantation objective is production of pulpwood and poles
B. If the plantation objective is production of large-sized trees
C. Where early mortality has led to the formation of uneven stand structure
D. If there are substantial co-dominants and subdominant trees with good form
ANSWER: A

When thinning operation will not be undertaken?

A. The effect of competition began to show clearly on the growth of trees
B. When the live crown ration of the stand is in between 60-70%
C. At or after the canopy closure of the stand
D. When profitable volume is accumulated
ANSWER: B

Which pruning tool is more preferable for low pruning operation?

A. Chain saw
B. Pruning shear
C. Hand saw
D. Pruning axe
ANSWER: C

Which one of the following is a wrong statement about coppicing?

A. The stocking of a coppice stand will increase with increasing number of
rotations
B. Coppicing is most vigorous if harvesting is done just before the end of the
dormancy
C. Large stump coppices will fasten the growth of the sprouts than those of smaller
stumps
D. Cutting at a level of 30�50 cm stump above the soil maximize the sprouting
potential
E. Slightly slanted cutting using hand saw (felling saw) will result good stump for
copping
ANSWER: A

The success of plantation establishment and achievements can be evaluated by?

A. Survival rate of seedlings
B. Growth performance of seedlings
C. Economic analysis of return
ANSWER: A, B, C

We use diameter at breast height (dbh), height (h) and form factor (f) during
Volume determination of standing tree. What is the importance of form factor?
A. In order to adjusts sloppy ground
B. In order to decrease personal error
C. In order to correct the taper nature of the tree
D. To measure DBH
ANSWER: C

What is the basal area of the tree if it has a DBH a 30cm?

A. 0.07 Meter square
B. 700 Meter square
C. 0.07 meter
D. 0.7 meter
ANSWER: C

What is the importance of individual tree DBH and height measurement?

A. To estimate tree volume
B. To estimate tree biomass and carbon
C. To find out the site quality of a place
ANSWER: A, B, C

If you are asked to recommend tree species for an afforestation program, what type
of species you select and recommend?
A. Species with small K/d which is appropriate to site
B. Species with large K/d ratio which is appropriate to site
C. Species with high quality timber
ANSWER: A

Which one of the following is not biotic factors which affect forest site quality?
A. Stand density
B. Genetic variability
C. Mycorrhiza
D. Soil
ANSWER: D

If your office needs to demarcate and collect detailed information on small forest
area, what type of survey you recommend?
A. National Forest inventory
B. Working plan survey
C. Logging plan survey
D. Land use recreational and watershed studies
ANSWER: B

Dendrology is the study of

A. Climate
B. Ecology
C. Woody plants
D. Soil
ANSWER: C

Taxonomy can cover the following except

A. Alpha Taxonomy
B. Delta Taxonomy
C. Beta Taxonomy
D. Gamma Taxonomy
ANSWER: B

Flowers and leaves are the most common characteristics of trees that used to
identify the tress. Besides these what other characteristics can be used to
identify it?
A. Roots
B. Fruits
C. Barks
ANSWER: A, B, C

Green, flat and expanded part of leaf is called

A. Petiole
B. Lamina
C. Midrib
D. Blade
ANSWER: D

In-terms of number of blades simple leaf has a ________ blade with any incision or
cut
A. Double
B. Triple
C. Single
D. No answer
ANSWER: C

Primary woody species are composed of

A. Cellulose and Lignin
B. Lignin and protein
C. Protein and Cellulose
D. Protein, Carbohydrate and Cellulose
ANSWER: A

Site diagnosis for silvicultural measure planning is focused on:

A. The size class distribution of the desirable species
B. The number of desirable species
C. The regeneration condition of the site
D. The climatic conditions the area
ANSWER: D

Which one of the following is true?

A. The purpose of silviculture is to lengthen the time it takes to realize the
benefits from forest
B. In manmade forest, the trees are present in the range of age classes from
seedling to dead wood
C. Clear cutting is appropriate when the stand is over matured
D. Coppice system is a silvicultural system in which the crop originates mainly
from coppice and the rotation is long.
ANSWER: C

Which one of the following is a tangible good that generated from tropical rain
forest?
A. Climate regulation
B. Greenhouse gas effect
C. Watershed protection
D. Timber
ANSWER: D

Which silvicultural system causes soil deterioration and erosion?

A. Clear cutting
B. Shelter wood
C. Seed tree
D. Target Diameter system
ANSWER: A

Which one of the following is incorrect?

A. Shelter wood system is suitable for both light demander and shade bearer species
B. Clear cutting is most appropriate when the selected species is shade tolerant
C. The young crop is protected against adverse climatic factors in shelter-wood
system than clear cutting
ANSWER: B

Regeneration of a forest is said to be inadequate when:

A. Number of saplings and seedlings of the desirable species are high
B. Diameter distribution of the species is higher in the larger size classes
C. Height distribution of the species is higher in the smaller size classes
D. Seed trees are sufficient
ANSWER: B

The correct choice of silvicultural system in a given forest management unit

depends on:
A. The management goal
B. Ecological characteristics of the forest
C. Socioeconomic aspects
ANSWER: A, B, C

Which one of the following is true about frequency of tending?

A. Seedlings required less frequent tending than sapling
B. Sapling required less frequent tending than large trees
C. Seedling and sapling required frequent tending than large trees
D. Thinning and pruning require tending operation
ANSWER: C

Why does forest management is important?

A. Because the forest resource now a day is on scarcity
B. The population needs much forest product for their day to day life
C. If we continue utilization without management sustainability makes under
question
ANSWER: A, B, C

One of the following is direct objectives of forest management based on the direct
use value of forests for the government, society or community?
A. Timber production
B. Prevention of erosion
C. Rendering recreational service
D. Hosting wildlife and serves for tourism
ANSWER: A

One of the following is a factor that affects forest management?

A. Profitability
B. Attitude
C. National and Regional Laws
ANSWER: A, B, C

How do we achieve sustainable forestry and environmental justice?

A. By protecting Forest Health
B. By conserving biodiversity
C. By Protecting Soil and Water Quality
ANSWER: A, B, C

Which one of the following are characteristics of Even-aged stands?

A. Growth and life patterns with different style
B. Management prescriptions are related to a periodic cycle or partial harvest
C. Lacking a definite beginning or ending in time
D. The DBH of the average tree increases throughout the life of the stand
ANSWER: D

The major objective of forest regulation is?

A. Rearrange the age classes� distribution to obtain normal or near normal
B. Increase the quality of timber
C. Increase the quantity of timber
D. Decreasing the age and cutting regularly
ANSWER: A

If you are a forest manager, how do you determine the amount of annual cut of a
certain regulated forest?
A. Based on organization need
B. Based on the area it cover and regulation schedule or based on volume
C. Based on market demand
D. Based on supplier capacity
ANSWER: B

If the total area of a certain forest is 400 ha with a growing stock of 40,000 m3,
and if we apply 40 year rotation period, what will be the annual stocked to be
harvested?
A. 100m3
B. 400m3
C. 1000m3
D.16000000m3
ANSWER: C

What will be the age class distribution of 10 up to 20 age class at time 40 without
cutting?
A. 51 up to 60
B. 50 up to 60
C. 20 up to 30
D. 10 up to 20
ANSWER: B

Which of the following is not a legal tangible benefit of local communities� from
Participatory forest management?
A. Right to harvest forest products
B. Share revenue from forest harvesting
C. Retain fines as well as confiscated materials/produce
D. Illegal cutting
ANSWER: D

Assume you are a forest expert employer on PFM project, which are the role of you?
A. Technical adviser to the community & Decision makers of forest rules and
regulations
B. Decision makers of forest rules and regulations and Implementers of Forest
Management Plans
C. Negotiators of forest management rules and regulations and Implementers of
Forest Management Plans
D. Implementers of the Forest Management Plans
ANSWER: B

Which of the following statement are opportunities to establish PFM in Ethiopia?

A. PFM will enable local communities to benefit from a sustainable forest resource
base
B. It can serve as a tool to mitigate climate change
C. Reduction in deforestation and increased presence of wild animals
D. Significant reduction in forest encroachment, forest fire, illegal logging and
unauthorized harvest of forest products
ANSWER: A, B, C, D

Which of the following are the key stakeholders in PFM?

A. Local Communities
B. Government Services
C. Foresters
ANSWER: A, B, C

Assume you are a forest expert, between the local communities there is a
problem/conflict occur before during establish PFM project. How to solve the
problem as a forest expert?
A. Create awareness for local community
B. Communicate the role of PFM on climate change mitigation
C. Enforce the local community
D. All can be answers except enforce the local community
ANSWER: D

The fire spread depends on:

A. Fuel characteristics
B. Weather condition
C. Topography
ANSWER: A, B, C
Which of the following is correct about ground fire?
A. Ground fire burn quickly because of their height, which exposes them to wind.
B. A ground fire is a form of wildfire that starts beneath the ground, when fuels
like debris ignite and burn.
C. Ground fires usually spread slowly, but they can spread quickly if they start in
a steeply sloped landscape or are propelled by the wind.
D. Ground fires can quickly spread.
ANSWER: B

Identify factors that affect forest fire detection?

A. The size of the forest area
B. Availability of trained personnel for patrolling
C. Communication equipment
D. Topography and weather conditions
E. In which of the following forest areas is
ANSWER: E

The combustion requires the presence of different elements?

A. Fuel, Fuel
B. Oxidizing agent
C. Initial energy.
ANSWER: A, B, C

All of the following are natural causes of fire except?

A. Lightening
B. Cigarette
C. Spontaneous combustion
D. Volcanic eruption
ANSWER: B

Which of the following statement is correct?

A. The wind plays an essential role for the fire spread because it supplies oxygen
to the active fire.
B. Tree with high mineral content has a reduced heat yield and is less combustible
and ignition and combustion depend on oxygen.
C. Vegetation with high water content is not very flammable and combustible.
ANSWER: A, B, C

Pre-suppression activity requires?

A. Manpower and equipment
B. Facilities to meet manpower and equipment needs
C. Distribution of manpower and equipment, Mobilization plans and fire atlas
ANSWER: A, B, C

Assume a forest fire is occured in one place. How do you extinguish the fire as
forest expert?
A. By cooling- a method of extinguishing where the temperature of the fire reduce
to below the point of ignition.
B. By smothering- a method of extinguishing where the oxygen is removed from the
fire.
C. By starving- a method of extinguishing where inflammable fire is removed.
ANSWER: A, B, C

The recovery of ecosystem processes to regain normal function and ecosystem

services without necessarily restoring to original biodiversity is/are?
A. Rehabilitation
B. Reclamation
C. Ecological engineering
D. Restoration or Remediation
ANSWER: A

All of the following can be the consequences of deforestation and land degradation
except?
A. Increase in sequestrated atmospheric carbon dioxide
B. Drought
C. Soil erosion
D. Habitat and biodiversity loss
ANSWER: A

Identify the statement that describes ecosystem restoration correctly?

A. Introduction of invasive species affects ecosystem rehabilitation objectives
positively
B. The term seed rain refers to the process by which seeds leave an ecosystem
C. Seed quality did not contribute to success of a restoration project?
D. All The population dynamics of aboveground plants can be strongly influenced by
seed rain and seed bank
ANSWER: C

All of the following are biotic factors that affects successful establishment of
trees on a site to be restored except?
A. Competing vegetation and species choice
B. Weeds and plant characteristics
C. Pests
D. Soil and climate
ANSWER: D

Identify the correct statement about nurse Plantations?

A. It facilitates the growth and development of other plant species (target
species) beneath their canopy
B. Offer microhabitats that are more favorable for seed germination and/or seedling
recruitment than their surrounding environment
C. Nurse Plants have been mainly used to restore vegetation in arid and sub-arid
zones in recent years.
ANSWER: A, B, C

Social acceptability of agroforestry practices or technologies are most likely

linked with:
A. The economic benefit of the practice
B. Soil condition
C. Climatic factor
D. The answer is not given.
ANSWER: A

Which one of the following is the appropriate management practice for nutrient
competition in agroforestry components?
A. Selecting species having opposite rooting system
B. Root pruning
C. Thinning
ANSWER: A, B, C

Assume that Acacia seyal is planted in the crop land to modify the microclimate.
What type of agroforestry system is it?
A. Production
B. Protection
C. Silvo-pastoral
D. Ageo-silvopastoral
ANSWER: B
The land use system that produces fewer crops due to lack of soil productivity is
improved through:
A. Forage tree species
B. Windbreak
C. Parkland agroforestry with leguminous tree species
D. Apiculture
ANSWER: C

Which one of the following is in the correct order to solve the land use problem?
A. Problem identification, Site selection, Implementing the appropriate solutions
from the alternatives, Identifying possible solutions
B. Site selection, Problem identification, Identifying possible solutions,
implementing the appropriate solutions from the alternatives
C. Identifying possible solutions, Problem identification, Site selection,
Implementing the appropriate solutions from the alternatives
D. Problem identification, Identifying possible solutions, Site selection,
Implementing the appropriate solutions from the alternatives
ANSWER: B

Identify the wrong statement about invasive species from the following?
A. All species that arrive to a new ecosystem are invasive
B. Invasive species are capable of causing extinctions of native plants and animals
C. All non-native or introduced species are not invasive
D. They are domesticated plants.
ANSWER: A

Identify the wrong statement about the immediate responses to the symptoms of the
Extinction Crisis?
A. Establishing and Managing Protected Areas
B. Over exploitation of Biodiversity
C. Assessing the Economic Value of Biodiversity
D. Conserving Habitats and Species on Private Lands
ANSWER: B

A researcher at a certain forest ecosystem recorded the following plant species and
counted 20 Cordia, 40 Junipers, 20 Albezia, 20 Croton, 40 Hagenia trees and a total
140 number of observations or trees. What is the species richness of the ecosystem
recorded by the researcher?
A. 140
B. 20
C. 40
D. 5
ANSWER: D

Assume you are asked professional support to design, establish and manage protected
areas at a certain site. Therefore, identify the correct statement about issues to
be considered during reserve design?
A. shape and size of reserves with preference of large sized reserves
B. Reserves anthropological or cultural effects so that reserves might disrupt
traditional and cultures of indigenous people
C. Landscape level design should favor most abundance species instead of species of
conservation concern
D. I suggest that conservation efforts should be limited at protected areas and
parks only
ANSWER: A

Harvesting forbidden in one of the following forest areas; which one is it?
A. Protected areas
B. Plantation forest
C. Natural forest
D. Community forests
ANSWER: A

Which of the following issues should be considered during log transportation?

A. Minimizing transportation costs
B. Prevent damage to transport infrastructure
C. Deliver all logs without significant loss of volume and quality
ANSWER: A, B, C

Which of the following category of extraction system is loading tree segments on

carrying vehicle and carrying them to landing?
A. Forwarding
B. Skidding
C. Aerial extraction systems
D. Yarding
ANSWER: A

Which one is NOT the first thing to consider when harvesting timber?
A. Crews must be in good health
B. Continuous training is required
C. Not close supervision is required
ANSWER: C

Which of the following factor describes the felling direction?

A. The tree center of gravity
B. The tree's position in relation to others
C. Wind speed and direction, favorable topography and terrain
ANSWER: A, B, C

Choose the correct statement about felling a leaning tree.

A. When the lean is away from the desired felling direction, cut out the corners of
the holding wood at a 30 ? downward angle
B. If the lean is severe and away from the desired felling direction, a hand or
cable puller may not be required
C. When the lean is in the desired felling direction, cut out the corners of the
holding wood at a 30 ? downward angle
D. When the lean is in the desired direction for felling, a rope or wire is
fastened to the leaning tree to be felled
ANSWER: C

The first step in pulp and paper making process is,

A. Mat formation
B. Pulping
C. Drying
D. Suspension of fiber with water
ANSWER: B

Which types of sawing is used to form high quality and attractive grain pattern of
timber?
A. Cross sectional sawing
B. Plain sawing
C. Tangential sawing
D. Quarter sawing
ANSWER: D

Which one of the following is correct about Lumber?

A. It implies a living tree
B. It is a part of felled tree
C. It is a log of timber sawn into pieces of desired shape
D. It used to denote standing timber
ANSWER: C

The disadvantage of Chainsaw machine is?

A. Generate more waste
B. Portable
C. Cheap to purchase
D. Costly in price
ANSWER: A

Which of the following is not an objective of seasoning timber?

A. Reduction of shrinkage and warping
B. Reduction of weight
C. Increase strength and durability
D. Reduction of natural defect in timber
ANSWER: D

Most people are interested on NTFPs, except

A. NTFP extraction is less environmentally destructive than logging or agriculture.
B. Increasing the value of NTFPs will add value to standing forest.
C. Provide important community needs for improved rural livelihood.
D. Exploitation of NTFPs is proposed as a potential means of ensuring sustainable
management of forests and conservation of biodiversity.
E. None
ANSWER: E

Which of the following is wrong about gum and resin products?

A. Gum Karaya is harvested from Sterculia setigera, while Myrrh is from Commiphora
spp.
B. Gum olibanum is obtained from Acacia spp, while Frankincense produced from
Boswellia papyrifera.
C. Both Gum Arabic and Gum talha is collected from Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal
tree species respectively.
D. Opoponax and hagar are produced from Commiphora spp.
ANSWER: B

Which value chain activity is mostly common marketing chain of gum and resin
products at southern Ethiopia?
A. Exporters directly producing and selling directly to consumers (mono actor).
B. Cooperatives producing and selling to gum companies (exporters) and then to
consumers.
C. Individual collectors submitting to cooperatives then to gum companies and
finally to consumers.
D. Farmers/pastoralists collecting selling to rural retailers then to whole sellers
then to exporters and finally to consumers.
ANSWER: D

Which types of principle is not allowed throughout harvesting of Non-timber forest

products in order to ensure sustainable harvesting?
A. Collection of all good looking fruits from the stand and ground.
B. Covering of hole after digging out the root, to ensure protection against
infection.
C. Peeling the bark from the tree on the side of north to south than on the East
and West side.
D. Removal of up to 50% of leaves does not significantly affect growth of trees.
ANSWER: A
Identify the correct steps towards ecological sustainability of NTFPs harvest.
A. Forest inventory, Species selection, Regeneration survey, Yield study, Harvest
assessment, Harvest adjustment.
B. Regeneration survey, Yield study, Species selection, Forest inventory, Harvest,
Harvest adjustment.
C. Species selection, Forest inventory, Yield study, Regeneration survey, Harvest
assessment, Harvest adjustment.
D. Regeneration survey, Yield study, Species selection, Harvest, Forest inventory,
Harvest adjustment.
ANSWER: C

Which of the following is/are criteria used to determine a biological rotation age?
A. Mean Annual Increment
B. Present Net Worth
C. Rate of return
D. Land expectation value
E. Rate of return, LEV and NPV
ANSWER: A

In forest investment analysis:

A. A positive value for NPV indicates that the rate of return is greater than the
MARR
B. The NPV value of zero indicates that the project is an acceptable one.
C. If the MARR is greater than the IRR the project is considered to be acceptable
D. As the interest rate increases the NPV will also increases
ANSWER: A

Select the correct statement/s

A. Money received today is worthy than later years during inflation
B. Subsidies and taxes go in opposite direction in economic analysis
C. Economic resources have non-zero price
ANSWER: A, B, C

One of the following is not a peculiar feature of forest economics

A. Forests have simultaneous multiple outputs
B. Forests have mixed ownership
C. Dual nature of the standing tree
D. Exposed to uncertainty
E. None of the above
ANSWER: E

Which one of the following is true about business environment?

A. It is the set of forces surrounding an organization
B. It can be external or internal to the enterprise
C. It may hamper or facilitate the organization�s access to resources
ANSWER: A, B, C

The nature of the relationship between business environment and organization

depends on
A. Size of the organization
B. Management system of the organization
C. Age and nature of ownership of the organization
ANSWER: A, B, C

If you have a forest business and a gain 500, 000 ETB; how many percent of tax is
levied on you according to Ethiopian taxation system
A. 10%
B. 35%
C. 25%
D. 20%
ANSWER: B

Let us say you do have a pulp and paper factory business, from this business you
generated profit and the government is charged you a tax from that profit. What
kind of tax is it?
A. Direct tax
B. Indirect tax
C. Proportional tax
D. Progressive tax
ANSWER: A

Most of the time taxation system of the forest products including timber
originating from state forests, taxes are levied for
A. Stumpage of standing trees
B. stumpage of cut trees transported to the roadside
C. No specific taxes are imposed on processed forest products
ANSWER: A, B, C

________is a common disease that appears as a white powdery substance on the leaf
surface.
A. Leaf Spot Tree Disease
B. Powdery Mildew Tree Disease
C. Canker Tree Disease
D. Root Rot Tree Disease
ANSWER: C

Tree diseases control by using resident living organisms to suppress the activities
and populations of one or more tree pathogens known as:
A. Quarantine
B. Biological control
C. Cultural method
D. Tree Rotation
ANSWER: B

Which one the following is the characters of pathogenic bacteria?

A. Microscopic, eukaryotic, usually filamentous, spore-bearing organisms
B. Extremely small pathogens that cannot be seen using normal light microscopes
C. Prokaryotic cell and reproduce by binary fission
D. Reproduce by vegetative methods
ANSWER: C

One of the following symptoms indicate a pathogenic attach that results the
destruction of cell protoplasts
A. Necrosis
B. Hyperplasia
C. Hypoplasia
D. Chlorosis
ANSWER: A

Which of the following is not a unique characteristic of complete metamorphosis?

A. Larva usually worm like with short legs
B. They do not go through pupal stage
C. Wing development internal
ANSWER: B

________is type of reproduction in which eggs hatch outside the body.

A. Oliparity
B. Oviparity
C. Viviparity
ANSWER: B

Which one of the following differs from the other?

A. Oligopod
B. eruciform
C. Apudcus
D. Object
ANSWER: B

Which is the resting and inactive stage in all holomelaholous insects?

A. larva
B. nymph
C. pupa
D. adult
ANSWER: C

Which one of the following is true about semi-chemicals?

A. Used in intra-specific communication
B. Chemical odors important to inter-specific communication only
C. Chemical odors important to both inter-specific and intra-specific communication

ANSWER: C