The study of
matter and the
changes it
undergoes.
Anything that has mass and takes up space.
Atoms are the building blocks of matter.
Each element is made of the same kind of
atom.
A compound is made of two or more different
kinds of elements.
Compounds can
be broken down
into elements.
Mixture – is a material that can be separated
by physical means into two or more
substances.
Salt (NaCl) in water
Salt and water can be separated through a
physical means such as evaporation or
distillation; therefore, it is a mixture of two
substances.
Unlike a pure compound which has a constant
composition, a mixture has a variable
composition.
Mixtures are classified as heterogeneous
(“coarse mixture”) if they consist of physically
distinct parts or homogeneous (“solutions”)
when the properties are uniform throughout.
Separates
heterogeneous
mixture, solid
substances from
liquids and
solutions.
Separates homogeneous mixture of liquids
on the basis of differences in boiling point.
Phases of Matter
Solids
•Have definite shape and definite
volume
•Particles are tightly packed
Liquids
•Do not have definite shape but
do have definite volume
•Particles are loosely packed
Gases
•Do not have definite shape or
definite volume
•Particles are very far apart
ICE melting WATER evaporating STEAM
freezing Condensing
(solid) (liquid) (gas)
1. Physical Property: A characteristic of a
substance that can be observed without
changing the identity of the substance.
◦ Size
◦ Texture
◦ Color
◦ Shape
◦ Mass
◦ Volume
◦ Density
◦ Ductility
◦ Malleability
◦ Boiling point
◦ Melting point
◦ Freezing point
◦ Electrical conductivity
◦ Solubility
Physical Change:
A change in any
physical property of
a substance, not in
the substance itself.
Stretching a rubber
band is a physical
change because the
size changes
however, the
material that makes
up the rubber band
does not change
Seven Layer Density Column
DensityThe amount
of matter in a given
volume.
D=m/v(mass/volu
me)
Ice cubes float in
water because they
are less dense than
liquid water
Ductility The ability to be pulled into a thin
strand
Wire, Paper clip, Copper wire
See full size image
Malleability: The ability to be pressed or
pounded into a thin sheet
Tin foil See full size image
Boiling Point: The
temperature at
which a substance
changes from a
liquid to a gas
Water to steam
Melting point: The
temperature at
which a substance
changes from a
solid to a liquid
Ice cube melts to a
puddle of water
Freezing point: The
temperature at
which a liquid
changes into a
solid.
Electrical
conductivity: How
well a substance
allows electricity to
flow through it
Water conducts
electricity so never
swim during a
lightning storm
Solubility: The
ability to dissolve in
another substance
Adding sugar to
coffee
2. Chemical Properties: Describe how
substances can form new substances
Chemical properties can be identified by the
changes that they produce
Chemical Change: The change of one
substance into another substance
1. Production of an
odor
Eggs rotting
produce a sulfur
smell
Lightning produces
a fresh and clean
smell due to its
reaction with
Oxygen in the
atmosphere
2. Change in See full size image
Temperature
Exothermic Reaction:
Energy is released and
surrounding area of
reaction increases
temperature (Rusting) See full size image
Endothermic Reaction:
Energy is absorbed and
surrounding area of
reaction decreases in
temperature (antacid
and water)
3. Change in Color
Fruit ripening (green
tomatoes to red
tomatoes)
Rust
4. Formation of
Vinegar and Baking Soda
Bubbles
Vinegar and baking
soda
Antacid and water
5. Formation of a
Solid or Precipitate:
clams
The shells of clams
and mussels are
precipitates from a
chemical change of
substances from
the animal and sea
water
