eed The Pythagorean Theorem I. Can... find the measures of the sides of a right triangle using the Pythagorean Theorem and square roots. Learn Right Triangles A right triangle is a triangle with one right angle. The legs are the sides that form the typotenuse right angle. | The hypotenuse is the side opposite the = right angle. It is the longest side of the triangle. Explore R Fiearalle @ Online Activity You will use Web Sketchpad to explore the relationship among the sides in right triangles. ae Pause and Reflect Where did you encounter struggle in this Explore, and how did you deal with it? Write down any questions you still have. <2) See students’ observations. What Vocabulary Will You Learn? hypotenuse legs Pythagorean Theorem Lesson 7-3 - The Pythagarean Theorem 405Your Notes Math History Minute James Abram Garfield (1831-1881) was the 20th president of the United States. He has been the only president 10 cevelop a proot for the Pythagorean Theorem, which he wrote in 1876. Garfield's proof uses three right triangles to forma trapezoid. The area of the trapezoid is equivalent to the sum of, the areas of the triangles. Learn The Pythagorean Theorem The Pythagorean Theorem describes the relationship between the lengths of the legs anc the length of the hypotenuse for any right triangle. Ina right triangle, the sum of the squares of the lengths of the legs Is equal to the square of the q| length of the hypotenuse, ‘Symbols D a+ prac © Go Online Watch the animation to see how you can use the Pythagorean Theorem to find the length of the hypotenuse of @ right triangle when you know the length of the two legs. The animation shows how to find the missing length in the right triangle shown using the following steps. 21cm ecm 20em e+ br=e2 Pythagorean Theorem 21? + 20? = c? Replace a with 21 and b with 20. 441 + 400 Evaluate. 841 =< Ade £VBAT = Definition of square root + 29 Simply, The equation has two solutions. However, the length of any side ofa triangle cannot be negative. So, the hypotenuse has a length of, 29 centimeters. 406 Module 7. Trangles and the Pythagorean Theorem@ Example 1 Find the Hypotenuse Aladder is leaning against a building as shown in the figure. What is the length of ‘the ladder? You know the lengths of the legs. Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find the hypotenuse. The legs are represented by a and b, and it does not matter which leg is represented by which letter. a+ b= 2 Pythagorean Theorem Replace o with 12 and b with 16 2 2 12 + 16 (144+ 256 =< Evaluate. Aad 40400 =¢ Definition of square root + Simply ‘The equation has two solutions. However, the length of a side must be positive. So, the ladder is 20 feet long. Check The mast of a sailboat is 15 feet tall. A support rope is attached to the top of the mast and attaches to the deck 8 feet away from the base of the mast. Find the length, x, of the support rope. © co onine You can complete an Extia Example onine, @ Think About It! What side of the tangle is the hypotenuse? How does its length ‘compare to the lengths of the other two sides? See students’ responses. @ Talk About It! The sides of the triangle are in the ratio 12:16:20. Simplify this. ratio. How can you use this ratio to verty the length of the hypotenuse is correct? 3:4:5; Sample answer: Pythagorean Theorem. Since 32+ 42 = 53, then | know the hypotenuse is correct. Lesson 7-3 The Pythagoresn Theorem 407(9 Think About It! What isthe relationship between the legs of the triangle and the hypotenuse? ‘See students* responses. @ Talk About 1! The wire will stretch from the top of the pole to each comer of the square. How can you determine the approximate total lenath of wie that is needed to stablize the pole? Sample answer: There are four corners of the square, so miultiply the] length of wire needed for one corner by four. Since 13.9(4) = 55.6, approximately 55.6 feet of wire is needed: @ Example 2 Find the Hypotenuse in Three Dimensions A12-foot flagpole is placed in the center of a square area. To stabilize the pole, a wire will stretch from the top of the pole to each comer of the square. The flagpole is 7 feet from each comer of the square. Whats the length of each wire? Round to the nearest tenth. The legs are represented by line segments AB and AC. The hypotenuse is represented by line segment BC. Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find the length of the wire, BC. AB? + AC? = BC? Pythagorean Theorem 2 7 + 12 =8c? AB =7 and AC = 12. 49 + 144 =B8C? Evaluate. 193 = 8c? Aad. £0193 = BC Definition of square root +£/13.9 =8C Simplity. Since the length cannot be negative, the length of the wi 13.9 feet, Check A cone has a radius of 25 feet and a height of 34 feet. How long is the distance from the top of the cone to the edge of the cone? Round ft your answer to the nearest tenth aaa aR 42.2 feet © co online You can complete an Extra Example online. 408 Module 7 Trangles and the Pythagorean Theorem@ Example 3 Find Missing Leg Lengths A plane takes off from an airport and travels 13 miles on its path. If the plane is 12 miles from its takeoff point horizontally, what is its height? ‘The distance between the plane's location and the takeoff point is the hypotenuse of a right triangle. oP +b? = c? Pythagorean Theorem [42 [ex2=[ 13 | Repice te vale wth site tngts |144|+2= 169| Evalute [25 | Subtraction Property of Equality x=4VI5 Definition of square root xst 5 Simply. Since length cannot be negative, the height of the plane is 5 miles. Check Julia let out 50 meters of kite string when she notices that her kite is directly above her friend Sasha. if Julia is 35 meters from Sasha, what is the height of the kite? Round to the nearest tenth. 35.7 meters 1B 60 online vou can complete an Esta Example ontne @ Think About It! Which side is the hypotenuse and which sides are the legs? |_ The hypotenuse is the side labeled 13 mi. The legs are the sides labeled x mi |andt2mi Q@ Talk About It! Explain why it makes sense that the plane's path during takeott covers a greater distance than the horizontal distance ‘along the ground it is greater ‘than 0°. Since the angles greater than 0°, the plane will travel adistance greater than_ 12 miles during takeoff. Lesson 7-3 - The Pythagorean Theorem 409@ Example 4 Find Missing Leg Lengths think About tt! in Three Dimensions What equation could Gravel used for construction purposes is on you use to solve the piled in the approximate shape of a cone. problem? The distance from the top of the cone to the edge is about 17 feet and the See students’ height is about 8 feet. responses. ” What is the approximate radius of the cone? Round to the nearest tenth if necessary. The slant height, height, and radius form a right triangle. +b? =c? Pythagorean Theorem 2 2 + bts Replace the variables with known lengths. Arak adout tt 8 7 ° _ ‘Suppose the height and radius of the cone 64 +b?~ 289 Evaluate. are doubled to 16 feet and 30 fost, bea Subtraction Property of Equality respectively. What el effect does this have on the length of the b= +1225 Definition of square root hypotenuse? Explain your reasoning. nwa ep Cll The length of the hypotenuse also Length cannot be negative, so the radius of the cone is about 15 feet. doubles, since 1624+ 307 = 347. Check A house has a pyramid-shaped roof with the dimensions as shown. What afte : is the height of the roof? Round to 3 the nearest tenth. 3 a5 tt $ 21.8 feet i : Go Online You can complete an Extra Example online. 410. Module 7. Triangles and the Pythagorean Theorem@ Apply Maps ‘Alma has a motor boat that averages I 3 miles per gallon of gasoline, andthe |_| | I {9 so online Wetch the snimation tank holds 15 gallons of gasoline. At I 9am.,Almaleft the dock. AtiOam, | herpoation was ses weston” ig | q 4 miles north of the dock. If she t continues at this rate, in how many oped more hours will the tank be out of Ceoco gasoline? tH 1. What is the task? Make sure you understand exactly what question to answer or problem to solve. You may want to read the problem three times. Discuss these questions with a partner. First Time Describe the context of the problem, in your own words. ‘Second Time What mathematics do you see in the problem? Third Time What are you wondering about? 2 How can you approach the task? What strategies can you use? See students’ strategies. 3 What is your solution? Use your strategy to solve the problem. QTalk about It ‘After how many more hours should she turn ‘around in order to 8 more hours; See students’ work. make it back to the dock? At her current rate, she ‘can travel for 9 hours. 4 How can you show your solution is reasonable? @ Write About It! Write an argument that can be used to defend ‘traveled thour, so she your solution. should tum around See students’ arguments. ‘niece 3} resi in order-to. make it back to the dock. Lesson 7.3 + The Pythagorean Theorem 411Check Meredith has a boat that averages 5 miles per gallon of gasoline and the tank holds 17 gallons of gasoline. At3 p.m., Meredith left the dock. At 4 p.m., she was § miles east and 12 miles south of the dock. If she continues at this rate, how many more hours will the tank be i 3 S| {© co online You can complete an Extra Example online Pause and Reflect Where did you encounter struggle in the Apply? Did you understand the information given? Did you understand what you were asked to find? Study the example to develop mastery of your area(s) of struggle See students’ observations. 412. Module 7. Tiangjes and the Pythagorean Theorem somrnercno ntiLearn Geometric Proof A proofs a logical argument where each statement is justified by a reason. Proofs are used in geometry to explain or prove why something is true about a geometric figure. Use the follo Wg steps to write a proof. Step 1: Given Information List the given information, or what you know. If possible, draw a diagram to illustrate the information. Step 2: Hypothesis State what is to be proven. Step 3: Statements Create an argument by forming a logical chain of statements linking the given information to what you are trying to prove. Step 4: Reasons Justify each statement with a reason. Reasons include definitions, algebraic properties, and theorems. ‘Step 5: Prove (Conclusion) State what it is you have proven. Explore P; @ Online Activity You will use Web Sketchpad to explore proving the Pythagorean Theorem. Lesson 7-3 + The Pythagorean Theorem 413Pause and Reflect Think about how the five steps listed in the Learn function to prove that something is true. For each step, write a sentence explaining why that step is important. See students’ observations. {Foldables Ws time to updote your Foldeble, locted inthe Module Review, based on what you leamed in this lesson. If you haven't already assembled your Foldable, you can find the instructions on page FL1. 414. Module 7. Tangles and the Pythagorean Theorem RRP TENN.