Prep 2

Final Revision
First Term
❶ Choose the correct answer

1. The scientist…………….discovered the main energy levels of the atom.

a. Moseley b. Bohr c. Hofmann d. Mendeleev
2. The number of energy levels in the heaviest known atom
reaches…..levels till now.
a. 5 b. 7 c. 8 d. 10
3. The number of known elements in the modern periodic table till now
is ………….
a. 216 b.118 c. 316 d. 16
4. The number of elements which exist in nature is……….according to
modern periodic table.
a. 29 b. 118 c. 92 d. 102
5. The modern periodic table consists of…………horizontal periods.
a. 7 b. 10 c. 14 d. 18
6. The modern periodic table consists of………vertical groups.
a. 7 b. 10 c. 14 d. 18
7. The modern periodic table consists of…..main blocks.
a. 3 b. 4 c. 7 d. 8
8. 8. The elements which occupy the middle block (d) in the periodic
table are called ……………elements.
a. transition b. alkali c. acidic d. noble
9. The transition elements start to appear from the beginning of the
period…………….
a.second b. third c. fourth d. fifth
10. Elements of p-block are arranged in…………………..groups.
a. two b. five c. six d. eight
11. Which of the following elements locates in the third period?
a. ,9K b. 15P c. 6C d. 3Li
12. .All of the following elements are located in group (2A) except
a.4Be b.20Ca c. 11Na d. 12Mg
13. The element that its atomic number equals 17 is similar in its
chemical properties to the element that its atomic number equals
………………….
a. 2 b. 7 c. 9 d. 19

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14. The elements which have the same properties locate in the
same…………..in the periodic table.
a. period b. group c. nucleus d. energy level
15. The block that contains groups (1 A) and (2A) in the periodic table
is…………….block.
a.s b. p c.d d. f
16. Which of the following elements locates in the same group in the
periodic table?
a.11Na,C6 b. 11Na,Li3 c. 11Na,Cu29 d. 11Na,Ne10
17. An element, its atomic number is (18), so it is considered
………………….
a. a transition element. b. an inert gas.
a metallic element. d a halogen
18. An element (X), whose atomic number is 13 so, the number of
electrons in its ion is ……………….
a. 8 b. 10 c. 11 d. 12
19. The electronic configuration of sodium ion (Na+) is similar to that
of……
a.N7 b. Ar18 c. Ne10 d.O8
20. The electronic configuration of magnesium ion (Mg+2) is similar to
all the following except…………..
a. Na+ b.Ne10 c.Al+3 d. Ar18
21. The difference between chlorine (I7C1) atom and chloride ion (CI-) is
the number of……………
a. energy levels b. protons c. neutrons d. electrons
22. All of the following elements are from semi-metals except …………
a. tellurium. b. silicon c. boron d. bromine
23. All of the following metals react with water except………..
a. K b.Cu c.Na d. Mg
24. When sodium reacts with water,…………….gas evolves.
a.N2 b.O2 c. H2 d.CO2
25. By increasing the atomic number within the same period, the...
a.metallic property increases. b. metallic property decreases,
c. nonmetallic property decreases. d. atomic size increases.

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26. Alkali metals locate in group………..
a. 7 A b. 1A c. IB d. 2A
27. Alkali metals are considered from…………block groups.
a. s b. p c. d d. f
28. Which of the following elements is an alkali metal which locates in
period three? .................
a. Li3 b.Mg12 c.Na11 d.K19
29. Elements of group (1 A) react with water
forming………………….solutions.
a. acidic b. alkaline c. neutral d. (a) and (c)
30. Hydrogen element belongs to……………….
a. group (1 A) b. group (2A) c. group (6A) d. group (7A)
31. .All these elements are monovalent except…………
a. Na11 b. K19 c. Ca20 d. Li3
32. Sodium and potassium are kept under the surface of…………
a. water b. kerosene c. alcohol d. benzene

33. The gas evolved on reacting alkali metal with water is…………..
a. oxygen b. nitrogen c. hydrogen d. helium
34. Most alkali metals have……………..density.
a. low b. high c. the same d. zero
35. All these alkali metals float on water surface except………
a. potassium. b. lithium. c. sodium. d. cesium.
36. …………….form positive ions during chemical reactions.
a. Nobel gases b. Nonmetals c. Halogens d. Alkali metals

37. All of the following are from the properties of alkali metals, except
they …………..
a. have low densities. b. are divalent elements.
c. conduct heat and electricity. d. are active elements.
38. Which of the following elements has the highest chemical activity?

a. Sodium. b. Lithium. c. Potassium. d. Cesium.

39. The strongest metal lies in group……………
a. 7A b. IB c. 1A d. 2A

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40. ……………..is used in food preservation.
a. Sodium b. Cobalt 60 c. Silicon d. Liquefied nitrogen
41. Carbon dioxide reacts with water forming…………
a. H2CO3 b. HCL c. HN03 d. H2SO4
42. AI2O3 is known as……………………….
a. acidic oxide. b. basic oxide,
c. amphoteric oxide. d. alkaline oxide.
43. The electronic configuration of the ion of potassium (19K) element is
similar to………………
a. Na11 b.Ne10 C.Ar18 d. 15P
44. The electronic configuration of neon atom (10Ne) is similar to that of
the ions of all the following atoms, except…….
a. 9 F b. 8O c.7N d. 16S
45. In a water molecule, oxygen atom combines with two hydrogen
atoms by two bonds……………….
a. double covalent b. ionic
c. single covalent d. hydrogen
46. In a water molecule, the angle between the two single covalent
bonds is
a. 64° b. 104° c. 104.5° d. 140.5°
47. There are…………bonds among water molecules.
a. hydrogen b. covalent c. ionic d. metallic
48. Water exists in the………..at ordinary temperature.
a. solid state only b. liquid state only
c. gaseous state only d. three states
49. All of the following are from substances that dissolve in water
except…. .....................................................
a. magnesium oxide b. food oil.
c. sodium chloride d. sugar
50. (X) is an alkali metal that reacts with oxygen to form a chemical
compound known
a. XO b. X2O c. XO2 d. X2O2
51. The ultraviolet rays that have a wavelength of 300 nm are
from…….rays.
a. near UV b. far UV c. medium UV d. near and medium UV

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52. The high boiling point of water is due to the presence of
…………..bonds between its molecules
a. single covalent b. double covalent
c. hydrogen d. ionic
53. The snow crystal has……….shape.
a. octagonal c . pentagonal b. quadrilateral d. hexagonal
54. Ice crystals are characterized by all the following except they
have……..
a. lower density than that of liquid water
c. hexagonal shape. b. large volume.
d. higher density than that of liquid water.
55. On the electrolysis of acidified water by using Hofmann's
voltameter, the ratio between the volume of the evolved gas at the
positive pole to the volume of the evolved gas at the negative pole
is……………respectively.
a. 1:2 b. 1 : 1 c. 2 : 1 d. 3 : 1
56. In the electrolysis of acidified water by using "Hofmann's
voltammeter", the volume of hydrogen gas that evolves is (16 cm3),
so the volume of oxygen gas that evolves is cm?
a. 16 b. 6 c. 8 d. 10
57. The volume of hydrogen gas evolving from acidified water
electrolysis equals…………… the oxygen volume.
a. that of b. twice c. half d. four times
58. Mixing animals and human wastes with water causes…………..water
pollution
a. chemical b. biological c. thermal d. radiant
59. All of the following diseases are caused by biological water
pollution except………..disease.
a. cancer b. bilharzia c. hepatitis d. typhoid
60. The device which is used in measuring the altitude above sea level
is the ………………….
a. altimeter. b. aneroid.
c. thermometer d. Hofmann's voltammeter.
61. The density of air…………………..by increasing the elevation above
the sea level.

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 a. increases b. decreases c. doesn't change d. is doubled
62. The……………is a layer extends from the sea level to the tropopause.
a. troposphere b. stratosphere c. mesosphere d. thermosphere
63. The…………….is a layer extends from stratopause to mesopause.
a. troposphere b. stratosphere c. mesosphere d. thermosphere
64. The atmospheric pressure on the top of a mountain is……………the
atmospheric pressure at the sea level.
a. more than b. less than c. equal to d. half
65. The…………is located between stratosphere and mesosphere.
a. tropopause b. stratopause c. mesopause d. thermopause
66. Increasing the concentration of…………..in drinking water causes
blindness.
a. lead b. arsenic c. mercury d. chlorine
67. The planes fly in………………….layer.
a.troposphere b. stratosphere c. mesosphere d. Thermosphere
68. …………………layer extends from tropopause to stratopause
a.Troposphere b. Stratosphere c. Mesosphere d. thermosphere
69. Charged cosmic radiations reflect in………………….layer.
a. troposphere b. stratosphere c. mesosphere d. ionosphere
70. Ionosphere is surrounded by two……………….belts.
a. magnetic b. ionic c. electric d. heat
71. Meteors are formed in……………..layer.
a. mesosphere b. ionosphere c. exosphere d. stratosphere
72. Degree of ozone at STP is………….Dobson.
a. 100 b. 200 c. 300 d.400
73. One Dobson unit is defined as……….
a.3mm. b.0.1 mm. c. 0.01 mm. d. 0.001 mm.
74. 3Ozone layer absorbs……….
a. infrared rays. b. ultraviolet rays. c. X-ray d. light rays.
75. The ozone layer does not allow the passage of all……….ultraviolet
rays.
a. far b. medium c. near d. normal

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 76. Ozone layer allows 100% of the………UV rays to penetrate the
Earth s atmosphere.
a. far b. medium c. near d. normal
77. Nanometer equals…………….meter.
a. 1 x 10-3 b. 1 x 10-6 c. 1 x 10-9 d. 1x10-12
78. Ozone hole appears over the………………..
a. equator. b. north pole. c. south pole. d. middle east

79. ………………….compounds are known commercially as Freon.

a. Halons b. Nitrogen oxides c. Hydrocarbons d. CFCs
80. All the following are from the uses of chlorofluorocarbon
compounds except
a. solvent substance. b. flatting substance.
c. propellant substance. d. heating substance.
81. ……………..gas is produced from the reaction between sodium
bicarbonate and vinegar.
a. CH4 b.N20 c.H20 d.C02
82. Complete body fossil of insects are found preserved in……
a. ammonites. b. amber. c. igneous rocks. d. ambergris.
83. On the solidification of the resinous matter secreted by pine trees
in the old geological periods, it forms……………
a. ammonites fossil. b. amber fossil.
c. trilobite fossil. d. Nummulites fossil.
84. Ammonites’ fossil represents a mold of a/an……………
a. snail. b. elephant. c. insect. d. scorpion.
85. ………….fossils are found in the limestone rocks of El-Mokattam
mountain.
a. Ferns b. Coral c.Nummulites d. Index
86. ……………fossils indicate that the environment where they lived
was a hot and rainy tropical environment.
a. Ferns b. Coral c.Nummulites d.Archaeopteryx
87. Life started first in………………
a. mountain tops. b. rivers. c. Earth. d seas.
88. ……………..is one of invertebrates that appeared in seas.
a Mammoth b. Archaeopteryx c. Fish d.Trilobite

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89. The first vertebrate appeared on the Earth is/are……
a. man. b.birds c.fish d. reptiles
90. Archaeopteryx represents a link between…………..
a. vertebrates and invertebrates. b. reptiles and birds.
c.fish and amphibians. d. amphibians and reptiles.
91. ………………is an example of microfossils.
a. Mammoth b.fern c. Foraminifera d. Coral
92. …………….is the continuous decrease in number of the same
species of living organisms without compensation until all members
of species die out.
a. Food chain b. Extinction c. Food web d. Evolution
93. ………………indicate(s) extinction.
a. Fossils b . Protectorates
c. Evolution d. Ecological equilibrium
94. All the following are from the hypothetical theories that explain
the causes of macro extinction except
a. meteorite impacts with Earth. c. occurrence of long glacial age.
b. poisonous gases emitted by volcanoes d. overhunting.
95. ……………is/are of the most important causes of extinction in
recent ages.
a. Volcanic eruption b. falling of ice bergs
c. Falling of meteorites d. Overhunting and environmental pollution
96. All of the following are natural disasters that threaten living
organisms except………………………
a. floods. b. volcanoes. c. drought waves d. global warming
97. ……………..were famous extinct animals in old times.
a. Dodo bird and mammoth b. Dinosaurs and quagga
c. Dinosaurs and mammoth d. Grey bear and pigeon
98. From the most common recently extinct species is/are…………...
a. dodo bird only. b. quagga only.
c. bald eagle only. d. dodo bird and quagga.
99. …………….is considered the midway between horse and zebra.
a.Quagga b. Dodo bird c. Golden frog d. Tasmanian
100. .……………..characterized by the reduced size of its wings.
a. Passenger pigeon b. Dodo bird c. Bald eagle d. Ibis bird

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101. . All of the following are endangered species except
a. panda bear. b. bald eagle. c. quagga. d. rhinoceros.
102. ………is the path of energy that transfers from a living organism to
another.
a. Food type b. Food pyramid c. Food chain d. Food web
What the importance of:
1-Cobalt 60.

2-Ozone layer.

3. Van- Allen belt

4- Liquefied nitrogen

5. Fossil record

7. Hoffman voltammeter

8. Halons
9. Altimeter

10. Ionosphere

11. Silicon

Give an example for:

1. A solid halogen. 2. Severe climatic changes.

3. A polar compound.

4. Rays don't penetrate ozone layer by a percentage 100%.

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❷ Write the scientific term

1. The block that contains the groups from (3A) to (0). (…………………..)
2. Elements of zero group in the modern periodic table. (…………………..)
3. The block that contains the series of lanthanides and (…………………..)
actinides.

4. It indicates the number of electrons in outermost energy (…………………..)

level in the atom of an element
5. It indicates the number of energy levels, which are occupied (…………………..)
by electrons in the atom of an element.
6. The block that contains the series of lanthanides and (…………………..)
actinides.

7. The measuring unit of atomic radius which is used as a (…………………..)

measure for the atomic size.
8. The ability of the atom in a covalent molecule to attract the (…………………..)
electrons of the chemical bond towards itself
9. Covalent compounds, in which the difference in (…………………..)
electronegativity between their elements is relatively high.
10. An atom of a metallic element, which loses one electron or (…………………..)
more during the chemical reaction.
11. The polar compound, which consists of one oxygen atom (…………………..)
and two hydrogen atoms.
12. A kind of elements in which their valency shells contain less (…………………..)
than 4 electrons.
13. Elements whose atoms tend to lose electrons during (…………………..)
chemical reactions and change into positive ions.
14. Oxides which dissolve in water forming alkaline solutions. (…………………..)
15. A kind of metal oxides reacts with acids as basic oxides and (…………………..)
also reacts with bases as acidic oxides.
16. The arrangement of metals in a descending order according (…………………..)
to the degree of their chemical activity
17. Substances which turn the litmus solution into blue (…………………..)

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18. The group which is located on the maximum left side of the (…………………..)
periodic table
19. Elements of group (1 A) in the modern periodic table. (…………………..)

20. Monovalent elements exist in s-block in the modern (…………………..)

periodic table.
21. The halogen which exists in a solid state. (…………………..)
22. The radioactive element, which is used in food preservation. (…………………..)
23. The nonmetal which is used in preservation of cornea of the (…………………..)
eye.
24. The metal which is used in a liquid state in transferring heat (…………………..)
from inside the nuclear reactor to outside.

25. The group which is located on the maximum left side of the (…………………..)
periodic table
26. Elements of group (1 A) in the modern periodic table. (…………………..)

27. Monovalent elements exist in s-block in the modern (…………………..)

periodic table.
28. The positive pole in Hofmann's voltameter. (…………………..)
29. The gas which evolves above the anode during water (…………………..)
electrolysis.
30. A kind of environmental pollutants, which arises from (…………………..)
natural phenomenon
31. A water pollutant which causes the death of brain cells. (…………………..)
32. A water pollutant which causes the death of brain cells (…………………..)
33. A type of water pollution that results from the increase in (…………………..)
the temperature of water
34. The negative pole in Hofmann's voltammeter. (…………………..)
35. A kind of water pollution which arises from the discharge (…………………..)
factories wastes and sewage in
seas and rivers
36. The positive pole in Hofmann's voltameter. (…………………..)
37. The gas which evolves above the anode during water (…………………..)
electrolysis.

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38. A kind of environmental pollutants, which arises from (…………………..)
natural phenomenon
39. A water pollutant which causes the death of brain cells. (…………………..)

40. A gas which is important for building ozone gas. (…………………..)

41. A kind of radiations that can break down oxygen molecule (…………………..)
forming free oxygen atoms.
42. The atmospheric layer, in which ozone layer is formed. (…………………..)
43. A unit used for measuring ozone degree. (…………………..)
44. An atmospheric layer that acts as a shield which protects (…………………..)
living organisms from the danger of ultraviolet radiation.
45. A type of ultraviolet radiations that is absorbed completely (…………………..)
(100%) by the ozone layer.
46. A type of ultraviolet rays that is absorbed by a percentage (…………………..)
95% by ozone layer.
47. A type of ultraviolet rays that penetrates the ozone layer by (…………………..)
a percentage 100%
48. .A gas which is important for building ozone gas. (…………………..)
49. A kind of radiations that can break down oxygen molecule (…………………..)
forming free oxygen atoms.
50. The atmospheric layer, in which ozone layer is formed. (…………………..)
51. Remains or traces of organisms that lived in the past and (…………………..)
were preserved in sedimentary rocks.
52. Traces that indicate the activity of once an old living (…………………..)
organism during its life.
53. Traces that indicate the remains of once an old living (…………………..)
organism after death.
54. A fossil that keeps the whole shape and all the details of the (…………………..)
body of the living organisms as a result of its rapid burying
as soon as it died in a medium that preserves it from
decomposition.
55. The solidified resinous matter, which was secreted by pine (…………………..)
trees during old geologic ages.

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56. A replica of the original internal details of a skeleton of an (…………………..)
old living organism.
57. A replica of the external details of a skeleton of an old living (…………………..)
organism.
58. The death of all members of species of living organisms. (…………………..)
59. The fossils which are formed as a result of replacing the (…………………..)
wood material of trees with minerals, part by part, giving us
details about the life of an old plant (…
60. Replacing part by part, the wood material of trees by (…………………..)
minerals to form petrified woods.
61. Remains of old organisms that lived in the past for a certain (…………………..)
period, then became extinct.
62. A mammal that has a shape midway between a horse and a (…………………..)
zebra.
63. A bird which looks like bald. (…………………..)
64. An aquatic plant used by pharaohs to manufacture writing (…………………..)
paper.
65. The environmental system that is affected severely by the (…………………..)
absence of one species of living organisms that live in it.
66. The environmental system that is not affected severely by (…………………..)
the absence of one species of living organisms that live in it.
67. The path that the energy takes when it is transported from a (…………………..)
living organism to another one inside the environmental
system.
68. A group of food chains connected with each other. (…………………..)

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❸ Complete the following
1. In Moseley's periodic table, the atomic number of each element
increases by………….than the element before it in the same……..
2. The New Zealand scientist Rutherford discovered that the nucleus of
the atom contains positively charged……….
3. Elements of S-bloke are located on the……….side of the periodic table
and they are arranged in two groups which are…….and………….
4. Elements of p-block are located on the…………side of the periodic
table and they are arranged in ……..groups.
5. The modern number of group (6A) is……while that of group (6B)
is……….
6. Groups of d-block take letter…….except group………. which consists
of……vertical columns.
7. The d-block contains………….elements.
8. The transition elements start from period……….in the modern
periodic table and consist of……….groups.
9. The modern number of zero group is…....while that of group (5 A) is
……..
10. The vertical groups (1 A) and (2A) are located on the……side, while
the rest of (A) groups are found in the………side of the table
11. The atomic size is determined by knowing the ...................... and its
measuring unit is ...............................
12. By increasing the atomic number, the values of atomic sizes………..in
the same period of the periodic table.
13. By increasing the atomic number in the same group, the atomic size
........................................ due to the increase of the number of
14. During the chemical reaction, magnesium (Mg) atom
loses………electrons and changes into…………ion, which carries
........................................ positive charges.
15. The…………….ion carries a number of………equals to the number of
lost electrons.
16. The number of .............. charges of the negative ion is equal to the
number of gained .........
17. ………….have the properties of both metals and nonmetals.

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18. By increasing the atomic number within a period, the metallic
property……..…………. while the nonmetallic property………….……
19. Each period in the modern periodic table starts with………....except
the first period, and ends with ………………….
20. ………….is the most active metal as it has the largest………………
21. …………is the alkali metal element, which is located in period three
of the periodic table.
22. All alkali metals are good conductors of…………..and……………….
23. Lithium and sodium……….….on the surface of water as their
densities are……………than water density.
24. Rubidium and cesium…………….in water as their densities
are………………than water density.
25. Sodium reacts with water giving ………..and………….gas evolves.
26. The reaction of potassium with water is………….than the reaction of
sodium with water as potassium is………..active than sodium.
27. Elements of group (7A) are called…………..
28. Halogens are among…………..….block groups and they are located
on the………………side of the periodic table before…………….….gases.
29. The valency of the elements of group (7A) is…………………as they
tend to………..one electron during the chemical reaction and change
into……………ions.
30. The outermost energy level (valency shell) of alkali metals
contain…………….electron(s). While that of halogens
contains……………electron(s).
31. Fluorine and chlorine exist in a……………….…state, while iodine exists
in a……………….…..state.
32. Halogen molecules are……………. molecules as their molecules
consist of………. atoms.
33. Chlorine can replace…………..and…………….……in their salt solutions.

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34. Most covalent compounds such as .....................……….can't dissolve
in water as they can't form ……………....bonds with water.
35. Pure water boils at……………....and freezes at…………………………
36. The high boiling point of water is due to the presence of
…………………bonds between its molecules.
37. When the temperature of water becomes less than 4°C, its
density……………………….while its volume………….………
38. When the temperature of water decreases below……….….…. its
molecules are collected together by……………………..bonds forming ice
crystals.
39. …………………..is an apparatus which is used for the electrolysis of
water by using……………………energy.
40. In Hofmann's voltameter, the positive pole is called…………, while the
negative pole is called…………
41. The density of air at the top of a mountain is…………….than the
density of air at the sea level
42. Wind moves from the areas of………………atmospheric pressure to
that of atmospheric …………….pressure.
43. The region between the first and the second layers is
called……………...while……………is the region between the third and
the fourth layers.
44. ………………..is the first layer of atmospheric envelope and its
thickness is about………
45. The temperature of the troposphere decreases at a rate……..°C for
each ………..height.
46. The atmospheric pressure at the top of troposphere layer
becomes……………..and the temperature reaches the lowest value for
about……….…….at it’s top.
47. Troposphere contains about…………….% from atmospheric envelope
mass and about……….% from atmospheric water vapor.
48. The aneroid is used to........................................
49. The…………..is a device used to measure the altitude of aeroplanes
above sea level.

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50. The nanometer equals………..…….meter.
51. Ozone layer allows penetration of all…………..….ultraviolet rays and
absorbs most of………..ultraviolet rays.
52. The erosion of ozone layer above the .................. pole increases in the
month of……………….every year.
53. CFCS compounds are commercially known as .... …………and they are
used in…............
54. Among the pollutants of ozone layer are……………...compounds that
are used in air conditioning sets and………………compounds that are
used in fire extinguishers.
55. ……………is used as insecticide to preserve the stored agriculture
crops.
56. ………………….oxides are produced from burning of the fuel of
supersonic aero planes (Concorde).
57. Among the reasons for increasing CO2 gas percentage in the
atmosphere is burning of…….. and…………….
58. The most known greenhouse gases are……….., CFCS and nitrous
oxide.
59. The glass permits the passage of …………and………….….rays coming
from the Sun to be absorbed by Earth in the greenhouse.
60. …………….radiation is trapped in troposphere layer, because this kind
of radiation has…………….wavelength.
61. Ultraviolet radiation has a................................. effect, and infrared
radiation has a .............…..effect.
62. ………………and……………………….are among negative effects of global
warming phenomenon.
63. The type of ultraviolet rays that penetrates the ozone layer with a
percentage 100% is …………………………………
64. The suitable medium for formation the mammoth fossil is…………
65. When the snail shell of ammonites decomposes, it will
leave………………..which carries the………….details for the snail
66. The resinous matter is secreted from ………………….which were
common during some old geological ages.
67. Fossils always exist in the………………..rocks.

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 68. The presence of microfossils as radiolaria and foraminifera in the
rocks of the exploratory wells points to the……………………of rocks
existed in them and the suitable conditions of……………..formation.
69. Archaeopteryx represents the link between…………….and………….
70. Fossils are important for studying………….and figuring out
the…………… ........................
71. …………………..fossil is present in………………rocks of El-Mokattam
mountain.
72. .................... …………………is an example of endangered plants in
Egypt which is used by pharaohs in manufacturing of……………
73. .................... is from endangered birds, while…………….is from
endangered mammals.
74. .................... is from recently extinct birds, while ……………….is from
recently extinct mammals
75. From the extinct animals in the old ages are……………….,
…………………………..and………………
76. ………………….and …………………..are among the ways that protect living
organisms from extinction.
77. …………………is the most important protectorate in the USA. Which
was established to protect …………………….
78. …………………..is the First established protectorate in Egypt.
79. ……………………is the place which contains whales' skeletons.

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❹ Problems

1-Calculate the temperature at the base of a mountain, if its height is

6000 m and the temperature at its top is 10°C.
Solution Answer = 49 °C.

2- Calculate the height of a mountain if the temperature at its base is

30°C and at its top is (- 6°C).
Solution Answer = 5.5 Km

3. If the temperature at sea level is 24.5°C, find the temperature at the

top of troposphere layer if its thickness is 13 kilometers.

4- Calculate the percentage of erosion of ozone layer in an area if you

know that the degree of its ozone is 170 Dobson
Solution Answer = 43.3%.

5- If the temperature at the sea level is 20°C find the temperature at

the top of mountain its height 2 km above the Earth's surface
Solution

5-A person stands at the point (N) in the middle of

mountain and temperature at this point (I8*C) and at
the top of mountain (-8°C). Calculate
a.Height of mountain.
b.The temperature at the foot of mountain. Answer: 44 °C

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Solution
The amount of change in temperature = Temp at the point (N) - temp at the top

= 18 - (-8) = 26°C
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Height of mountain from (N) to top = = 4 𝐾𝑚
6.5
Height of the mountain = 4 x 2 = 8 Km
The amount of increase in temperature= height x 6.5 - 8 x 65= 52 °C
The temperature at the foot of mountain = Temp. at top + increase in temperature
-8 + 52 = 44 °C
6-A mountain of height 4 km and the temperature at its middle = 26°C.
Find the temperature at the bottom of mountain.
Solution
The amount of increase in temperature
= height x 6.5 = 2 x 6.5 = - I3°C
The temp, at its bottom
= the temp, at its middle +the amount of increase in temperature
= 26 + 13 = 39 °C

7-Arrange the following according to that between brackets:

1.9F - 15P - 2He - 19K (Ascendingly according to number of electrons in the
outer energy levels)
2.20Ca - 6C - 7N - 13AI (Ascendingly according to atomic size)
3. Cast fossil of fish - Mammoth fossil - Nummulite fossil - Archaeopteryx
fossil. (Start from first appearance on the Life stage)
4. Troposphere - Stratosphere - Mesosphere - Thermosphere.
(Ascendingly according to their temperature at the top of each layer)
5- 11X - 17Y - 13M - 15Z
Solution
1- 19K - 2He - 15P -.9F
2- 7N -6C - 13AI - 20Ca
3. Nummulite fossil - Cast fossil of fish- Archaeopteryx - Mammoth
fossil
4- Mesosphere – Troposphere- stratosphere- thermosphere
5- 11X -13M- 15Z17Y

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8-The opposite figure illustrates ………..……. which is used
in water electrolysis
Calculate the volume of the gas, which bums with
a pop sound on approaching a glowing splint to it, if
the volume of the other gas is 6 cm
9- Compare between fluorine (9F) and cesium (Cs)
according to
1. The kind of each of them.
2. Atomic size of each of them.
10-Mention the number representing each of the following:
1. Number of known elements in the modern periodic table till now.
2. Number of groups in p-block.
3. Number of layers of the atmosphere.
4. Normal degree of ozone layer.
5. The number of groups in modern periodic table.
6. The boiling point of water.
7. The thickness of troposphere.
8. The wavelength of far ultraviolet radiation.
11- Cross out the odd word, then write the name of the others:
1. Silicon - Arsenic - Bromine - Boron.
2. Trilobite - Fern - Ammonite - Nummulite.
3. CO2 - CFCs - O2 - CH4
4. CO2- SO3 – NO2 - MgO
5. F2-Br2-CI2-Mg

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6. Mosses - Reptiles - Invertebrates - Fish.
7. Bilharzia - Typhoid - Hepatitis - Death of brain cells.
8. Sodium - Boron - Silicon - Germanium.
9. Dodo bird - Papyrus plant - Ibis bird - Rhinoceros.
10. Carbon dioxide - Nitrogen - Water vapor - Chlorofluorocarbon.
11. Sodium oxide - Magnesium oxide - Sulphur dioxide - Calcium oxide.
12. Neutral effect on litmus paper - Low boiling point - Low density on
freezing - Good solvent.

❹ Give reason

1. Stop producing Concorde aero planes.

Because their exhausts contain nitrogen oxides that causes erosion of the
ozone layer.
2. Water is polar compound
Because it has ah high difference in electronegativity between their atoms
3. Pilots prefer to fly in the lower part of stratosphere.
Because No clouds and no weather changes
4. Occurrence of old extinction.
Due to: Meteorite impacts with Earth.
The violent Earth movement.
Exposure of the Earth to long ice
5. Solution of magnesium oxide turns the violet litmus solution
into blue.
Because magnesium oxide dissolves in water forming magnesium hydroxide
(alkaline solution) which turns litmus solution into blue.
6. Halogens do not exist in nature in elementary state.
Because they are chemically active elements.
7. Ozone is formed in stratosphere layer.
Because it has suitable amount of oxygen gas
8. The atomic size increases as we go down through the same
group in the periodic table.
Duo to increasing of numbers of energy levels

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 9. Sulphur dioxide is an acidic oxide.
10. Mendeleev left gaps (empty cells) in his periodic table.
11. Naming the Petrified Forest with Wood Mountain.
Because it has petrified wood which looks like rock
12. The desert ecosystem is significantly affected by the absence of
one of its species.
Because it has a few members of species.
13. El-Mokattam Mountain was once a sea floor more than 35
million years ago.
Due to the presence of nummulites fossils
In the limestone rocks of El-Mokattam mountain
14. The atmospheric pressure decreases on going above sea level.
Due to decreasing the length of air column and thus its weight
decreases.
15. Mammoth fossil is preserved as a complete body fossil.
Because when it died, it was rapidly buried in snow which
preserved it from decomposition.
16. Altimeter instrument is important for navigation.
Because it is used by pilots in aeroplanes to determine their
elevations above sea level.
17. Winds blowing from a region to another on the Earth's surface.
Because the wind moves from regions of high atmospheric
pressure to that of low atmospheric pressure.

18. The troposphere layer is called by this name.

Because all atmospheric turbulences take place in it.
19. The temperature at the top of a mountain is less than that at its
foot.
Because in troposphere layer, the temperature decreases as we
go up by a rate (6.5°C) for each 1 km height.
20. Rains, clouds and winds are present in troposphere layer.
Because it contains about 75% of the mass of atmospheric
envelope.

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21. Troposphere layer regulates the Earth's temperature.
Because it contains 99% of atmospheric water vapor.
22. Bromine can’t replace chlorine in its salt solution.
Because bromine is less active than chlorine.
23. Liquid sodium is used in nuclear reactors.
Because it is a good conductor of heat, where it transfers the
heat from inside the nuclear reactor to outside it
to be used to obtain vapor energy required to generate
electricity.
24. The use of radioactive cobalt 60 in food preservation.
Because it emits gamma rays which prevent the reproduction
of microbial cells without
an effect on human.
25. Silicon is used in the manufacture of electronics.
Because it is a semi-conductor, its ability to conduct electricity
depends on the temperature.
26. The importance of liquefied nitrogen in the medical fields.
Because it is used in the preservation of cornea of the eye.
Liquefied nitrogen is used in preservation of cornea of the eye.
Due to the decrease of its boiling point (- 196%°C).
27. Van Allen Belts are very important
Because it scatters harmful charged cosmic radiations
28. The occurrence of Aurora phenomenon
Due to scattering of harmful charged cosmic radiations away
from the Earth by Van-Allen Belts
29. Helium (2He) is located in zero group and isn't located in group
(2A).
Because it has only one energy level (K) which is saturated with
2 electrons, so it is a noble gas located in zero group (group 18).
30. Elements of the same group have similar properties.
Properties of elements (12Mg) and (20Ca) are similar.
Because their atoms have the same number of electrons in the
outermost energy level

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 Complete the following equations

What are the consequences of each of the following?

1. An organism is buried fast after death in snow.
A complete body fossil of it is formed.
2. Dipping the old insects in amber.
The bodies of insects are preserved inside it from decomposition.
3. The solidification of the mineral sediments inside a snail, then the
decomposition of its shell over millions of years.
A solid mold fossil for snail is formed which carries the internal details of
its structure.
4. Putting a clam's shell on the surface of a flat piece of clay and pressing
it gently.
A cast of shell is formed carrying the external details of its shell.
5. Minerals replace wood material part by part of an old tree.
It changes into petrified wood.
6. Extinction of a species from a balanced ecosystem.
It causes a cavity in the path of energy in this ecosystem that would
disturb the ecosystem equilibrium or destroy it.
7. The absence of one type of species from the simple ecosystem.
It is strongly affected due to the rarity of alternative that
compensates this absence

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