X Pre Board Examinations Social Science

PRE BOARD - 1 EXAMINATION

Class: X MARKING SCHEME Maximum Marks: 80
Subject: Social Science (087) SET - A Time Allotted: 3 Hours

General Instructions :
i) Question paper comprises six Sections – A, B, C, D, E and F. There are 37 questions in the
question paper. All questions are compulsory.
ii) Section A – From question 1 to 20 are MCQs of 1 mark each.
iii) Section B – Question no. 21 to 24 are Very Short Answer Type Questions, carrying 2
marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 40 words.
iv) Section C contains Q.25to Q.29 are Short Answer Type Questions, carrying 3 marks each.
Answer to each question should not exceed 60 words.
v) Section D – Question no. 30 to 33 are long answer type questions, carrying 5 marks each.
Answer to each question should not exceed 120 words.
vi) Section-E - Questions no from 34 to 36 are case based questions with three sub questions
and are of 4 marks each.
vii) Section F – Question no. 37 is map based, carrying 5 marks with two parts, 37a from
History (2 marks) and 37b from Geography (3 marks).
viii) There is no overall choice in the question paper. However, an internal choice has been
provided in few questions. Only one of the choices in such questions have to be attempted.
ix) A separate question has been provided for visually impaired candidates in lieu of questions
having visual inputs, maps etc. Such questions are to be attempted by Visually impaired
students only. In addition to this, separate instructions are given with each section and
question, wherever necessary.

SECTION A
MCQs (1M × 20 = 20M)
1. Why did the pre-modern world shrank greatly in the sixteenth century? 1
A) The Portuguese and Spanish conquered and colonised the parts of America.
B) The vast lands and abundant crops and minerals of America began to transform trade and lives
everywhere.
C) European sailors found a sea route to Asia and also successfully crossed the western ocean to
America.
D) China and India were among the world’s richest countries. They were also pre-eminent in
Asian trade.
Ans. C

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2. Interpret the following pie diagrams of ‘General land use categories: 1960-61 and 2014-15’
and choose the correct option for the following question? 1

Find out why the net sown area and the land under forests have changed from 1960-61 to
2014-15 very marginally.
i) The post-independence era demand for more land to expand agriculture, mainly after Green
Revolution.
ii) Planting of shelter belts of plants, control on over grazing, stabilisation of sand dunes by
growing thorny bushes are some of the methods decreased the netsown area.
iii) Expansion of developmental works and infrastructural facilities, led to clearance of forests
areas.
iv) The policy of deindustrialization and urbanization also decreased the forest area during the
colonial rule.
Choose the correct option from the following. 1
A) (i), (ii) are correct and (iii), (iv) are incorrect
B) (i), (iii) are correct and (ii), (iv) are incorrect
C) (iii), (iv) are correct and (i), (ii) are incorrect
D) (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct
Ans. B
3. Read the following table about ‘Swapna’ and answer the question that follows.
Why did she need credit? To meet the expenses of cultivation.
What was the risk? Failure of crop due to either poor rainfall (climate problem) or
attack on the crop by pests.

Identify the outcome associated with the need and risk involved in the above case. 1
A) Pesticides will reduce or eliminate the attack by pests.
B) Good rainfall will eliminate the risk due to climate.
C) The harvest on the crop helped her to repay the loan.
D) She pays high interest rate to the money lender and has to sell a part of the land to pay off
the debt.
Ans. D
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X Pre Board Examinations Social Science
4. Match list I and II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists: 1
List I List II
1. Bajra a. Grows well on red, black, sandy, loamy and shallow black soils.
2. Tea b. Grows well on sandy soils and shallow black soil.
3. Maize c. Grows well in old alluvial soil.
4. Ragi d. Grows well in tropical and sub-tropical climates endowed with deep
and fertile well-drained soil.
A) 1 - (a), 2 - (b), 3 - (d), 4 - (c) B) 1 - (b), 2 - (d), 3 - (c), 4 - (a)
C) 1 - (a), 2 - (b), 3 - (c), 4 - (d) D) 1 - (b), 2 - (d), 3 - (a), 4 - (c)
Ans. B
5. Every litre of waste water discharged by our industry pollutes eight times the quantity of freshwater.
Identify the correct information related to reduce the industrial pollution of fresh water.1
A) Particulate matter can be reduced by fitting smoke stacks to factories with electrostatic
precipitators, fabric filters,scrubbers and inertial separators.
B) Almost all machinery can be redesigned to increase energy efficiency and reduce noise.
Noise absorbing material may be used apart from personal use of earplugs and earphones.
C) Treatment by mechanical, biological, chemical and physical processes which involves
screening, grinding, flocculation and sedimentation, and recycling of wastewater
D) Smoke can be reduced by using oil or gas instead of coal in factories. Machinery and
equipment can be used and generators should be fitted with silencers.
Ans. C
6. Assertion (A) : Scandinavian countries, such as Sweden, Norway and Finland, the participation
of women in public life is very high. In our country, women still lag much
behind men despite some improvement since Independence. 1
Reason (R) : The percentage of elected women members in Lok Sabha has touched 14.36
per cent of its total strength for the first time in 2019.
A) Assertion is false and reason is true.
B) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
C) Assertion is true but reason is false.
D) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
Ans. B
7. Observe the cartoon about “The rise of money and muscle power - Threat to democracy”.

Identify the measures introduced by the Supreme Court of India to tackle this issue. 1
i) The candidates must file an affidavit of their personal ideology.
ii) The candidates must file an affidavit of their criminal record.
iii) The candidates must file an affidavit of their educational qualifications.
iv) The candidates must file an affidavit of their property assets.
A) i and ii B) Only ii C) ii, iii and iv D) ii and iv
Ans. D
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Social Science X Pre Board Examinations
8. A news magazine published for London readers is to be designed and printed in Delhi. The text of
the magazine is sent through Internet to the Delhi office. The designers in the Delhi office get
orders on how to design the magazine from the office in London. After printing, the magazines are
sent by air to London. the payment of money for designing and printing from a bank in London to
a bank in Delhi is done.
Which of the below given option plays a major role in the given context. 1
A) Using IT in Globalisation
B) Using transport technology in Globalisation
C) Using telecommunication technology in Globalisation
D) None of the above
Ans. A
9. Consider the cartoon about ‘Poor Kids’.

“Arguments about democracy tend to be very passionate.” Which of the statements about
the economic outcomes of democracy are correct. 1
i) Economic development depends on several factors: country’s population size, global situation,
cooperation from other countries, economic priorities adopted by the country, etc.
ii) An average dictatorial regimes have had a slightly better record of economic growth.
iii) But when we compare their record only in poor countries, there is virtually no difference.
iv) Overall, we cannot say that democracy is a guarantee of economic development.
A) i and ii B) ii and iii C) i, ii and iii D) i, ii, iii and iv
Ans. D
10. Which of the following factors significantly contribute to the process of globalisation? 1
i) Rapid improvement in transportation and communication technology.
ii) Movement of the people from one country to another in search of better income, better jobs
or better education.
iii) Expansion of Multinational Corporations.
iv) The liberalisation of trade restrictions and foreign investment.
Choose the correct option:
A) Statements (i), (iii) and (iv) are relevant. B) Statements (ii), (iii) (iv) are relevant.
C) Statements (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) are relevant. D) Statements (i) and (iv) are relevant.
Ans. A
11. Assertion (A) : Communalism involve religious prejudices, stereotypes of religious communities
and belief in the superiority of one’s religion over other religions. 1
Reason (R) : A communal mind often leads to a quest for political dominance of one’s own
religious community.
A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
C) A is true but R is false.
D) A is false but R is true
Ans. A

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X Pre Board Examinations Social Science
12. Consider the following image and information about ‘Jikji’ of Korea.

i) The Jikji of Korea is among the world’s oldest existing books printed with movable metal
type.
ii) It was printed in late 14th century.
iii) This work marked an important technical change in the print culture.
The essential features printed in Jikji from which school of Bhuddism? 1
A) Theravada Bhuddism B) Mahayana Bhuddism
C) Tantric Bhuddism D) Zen Bhuddism
Ans. D
13. Arrange the following events in the correct chronological order and choose the correct
option. 1
I) An active coastal trade linked the Indus valley civilisations with present-day West Asia. (As
early as 3000 BCE)
II) The Portuguese and Spanish conquered the areas of Americal and made them their colonies.
(mid-sixteenth century)
III) During the Great Irish Potato Famine, around 1,000,000 people died of starvation in Ireland,
and double the number emigrated in search of work. (1845 to 1849)
IV) Many of our common foods such as potatoes, soya, groundnuts, maize, tomatoes, chillies,
sweet potatoes were introduced in Europe and Asia after Christopher Columbus accidentally
discovered the vast continent. (1492)
A) I - IV - III - II B) I - IV - II - III C) I - II - IV - III D) I - III - II - IV
Ans. B
14. Krishak Cooperative functions in a village not very far away from Sonpur. It has 2300 farmers as
members. It accepts deposits from its members. With these deposits as collateral, the Cooperative
has obtained a large loan from the bank. These funds are used to provide loans to members.
For which of the below given purposes Krishak Cooperative provide loans? 1
A) To meet the daily expenses.
B) For the purchase of agricultural implements, loans for cultivation and agricultural trade, fishery
loans.
C) Holiday or Family tour loans.
D) Expenses on sudden illnesses or functions in the family.
Ans. B

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15. Identify the person by considering the information:

• She was a Bengali woman who is identified as the author of first full-fledged autobiography
in modern Bengali literature.
• She secretly studied the alphabet from her family member's books in the flickering light of
candles at night.
• In 1876, her autobiography ‘My Life’ was published. The book is in two parts, the first of
which, consisting of sixteen shorter compositions narrated her autobiography. The second
part, published in 1906, contained fifteen shorter compositions, each preceded by a dedicatory
poem.
Select the appropriate option from the following. 1
A) Krishnabhabini Das B) Pandita Ramabai
C) Kailashbashini Debi D) Rashsundari Debi
Ans. D
16. Match Column I with Column II and choose the correct option. 1
Column I Column II
(Challenges to Political Parties) (Issue)
i) Lack of Internal Democracy a) Rich people and companies who give funds to the parties
tend to have influence on the policies and decisions of
the party.
ii) Dynastic Succession b) The leaders as sume greater power to make decisions in
the name of the party. Since one or few leaders exercise
paramount power in the party.
iii) Money and Muscle Power c) People cannot even elect very different leaders either,
because the same set of leaders keep shifting from one
party to another.
iv) No Meaingful Choice d) People who do not have adequate experience or popular
support come to occupy positions of power.

Options:
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
A) b d a c
B) b d c a
C) b a d c
D) b c a d
Ans. A

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X Pre Board Examinations Social Science
17. “People living in democracies expect that the system should produce a harmonious social life.
Democracies usually develop a procedure to conduct their competition. This reduces the possibility
of these tensions becoming explosive or violent.”
Which of the below given statement supports the given context. 1
A) Democracies can fully and permanently resolve conflicts among different groups.
B) Dictatorships can fully and permanently resolve conflicts among different groups.
C) No regime or society can fully and permanently resolve conflicts among different groups.
D) All governments in the world can relsove all kinds of conflicts among the people.
Ans. C
18. “Removing barriers or restrictions set by the government is what is known as liberalisation.”
This does not happen when liberalisation of trade takes place 1
A) Businesses are allowed to make decisions freely.
B) Businesses are free to import or export on their wish.
C) Government imposes much less restrictions than before.
D) Government imposes more restriction on trade.
Ans. D
19. Consider the picture.

Which of the below given statements explains the best about ‘DEMOCRACY’ with regard
to the above given picture. 1
A) Democratic government develops mechanisms for citizens to hold the government accountable
and mechanisms for citizens to take part in decision making whenever they think fit.
B) Democracy is often described as a system that recognizes and attempts to balance the various
interests, demands, and pressures within a society.
C) Democracies usually develop a procedure to conduct their competition. This reduces the
possibility of these tensions becoming explosive or violent.
D) The passion for respect and freedom are the basis of democracy. Democracies throughout
the world have recognised this, at least in principle.
Ans. B

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Social Science X Pre Board Examinations
20. Mr. X has taken credit to make candles during the festive season. Choose the correct options
that defines the importance of credit from the given options: 1
i) It plays a vital and positive role in meeting his target and accelerating his income.
ii) The credit helps him to meet the ongoing expenses of production.
iii) The credit helps him complete the production on time.
iv) It helps him in exercising restraint and get into the habit of taking more credit.
A) Only (iv) B) (iii) and (iv) C) (i), (ii) and (iii) D) Only (ii)
Ans. C

SECTION B
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2M × 4 = 8M)
21. Write any two features of laterite soil. 2
A. i) The laterite soil develops under tropical and subtropical climate with alternate wet and dry
season.
ii) This soil is the result of intense leaching due to heavy rain.
iii) Lateritic soils are mostly deep to very deep, acidic (pH<6.0), generally deficient in plant nutrients
22. “Until the nineteenth century, poverty and hunger were common in Europe.” Analyse the
statement. 2
A. i) Cities were crowded and deadly diseases were widespread.
ii) Religious conflicts were common, and religious dissenters were persecuted.
iii) Thousands therefore fled Europe for America. Here, by the eighteenth century, plantations
worked by slaves captured in Africa were growing cotton and sugar for European markets.
OR
What was the powerful weapons were used by the Spanish Conquerors to colonise America
during mid 17th century?
A. i) The most powerful weapon of the Spanish conquerors was not a conventional military weapon
but it was the germs like smallpox that they carried on their person.
ii) Because of their long isolation, America’s original inhabitants had no immunity against
these diseases that came from Europe.
iii) Smallpox in particular proved a deadly killer.
23. Explain the role of Election Commission regarding recognition of Political Parties in India.2
A. The Election Commission has laid down detailed criteria of the proportion of votes and seats that
a party must get in order to be a recognised party.
i) A party that secures at least six per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative
Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats is recognised as a State party.
ii) A party that secures at least six per cent of the total votes in Lok Sabha elections or Assembly
elections in four States and wins at least four seats in the Lok Sabha is recognised as a
national party.
24. The Indian government, after independence, has put many such barriers on foreign trade
and foreign investment.” Why was this considered necessary? 2
A. i) To protect the producers within the country from foreign competition : Industries were
just coming up in the 1950s and the 1960s’ and competition from imports at that stage
would not have allowed these industries to come up. Thus, India allowed imports of only
essential items such as machinery fertilisers, etc.
ii) To establish basic industries : Some restrictions were levied to provide boost to basic
industries like iron and steel.
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SECTION C
SHORT ANSWER BASED QUESTIONS (3M × 5 = 15M)

25. “Trade and cultural exchange always went hand in hand “. Explain the statement in the
light of silk route. 3
A. i) The silk routes are a good example of vibrant pre-modern trade and cultural links between
distant parts of the world.
ii) The name ‘silk routes’ points to the importance of West-bound Chinese silk cargoes along
this route.
iii) Precious metals gold and silver flowed from Europe to Asia. Chinese potteries, textiles from
China and spices from India were traded. Various food items offer very good examples of
long distance cultural exchanges.
iv) Christian missionaries, Muslim preachers and Buddhist monks travelled through this route.
26. “Democracy ability to generate its own support is itself an outcome that cannot be ignored.”
Analyse the statement with examples. 3
A. Democracy’s ability to generate its own support is itself an outcome that cannot be ignored. Because
i) Democratic government is legitimate government. It may be slow, less efficient, not always
very responsive or clean.
ii) A democratic government is people’s own government. That is why, there is an overwhelming
support for the idea of democracy all over the world.
iii) People wish to be ruled by representatives elected by them. They also believe that democracy
is suitable for their country.
27. Study the given flowchart and answer the questions that follow : 3

1. Which is the basic material required for garment manufacturing?

A. i) High-quality fabrics, textiles, buttons, and zippers are essential. Ensure these materials
from reliable suppliers.
ii) The process of manufacturing includes designing, pattern making, sampling, cutting,
sewing, and finishing. Understanding each stage is crucial for smooth operation.
2. Give one example of value addition in the textile industry.
A. i) One example of value addition in textile industry is the use of advanced dyeing
techniques and technologies to create unique and customized fabric designs.
ii) This adds value to the basic textile material and allows textile companies to differentiate
themselves from competitors and charge a premium for their products.
28. Analyse the role of political parties in shaping public opinion. 3
A. i) They raise and highlight issues. Parties have lakhs of members and activists spread all over
the country.
ii) Many of the pressure groups are the extensions of political parties among different sections
of society.
iii) Parties sometimes also launch movements for the resolution of problems faced by people.
iv) Often opinions in the society crystallise on the lines parties take.

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Social Science X Pre Board Examinations

29. Study the following picture / cartoon and answer the question that follow: 3

"Be careful! That’s our world you are playing with! Some day you’ll have to pay a price!”
How would you prioritize the facts behind this warning?
A. i) This indicates that Globalisation is a process of earning huge profit by the MNCs. The main
motive the MNCs to earn huge profit. To ac hieve this motive, these MNCs exploit the
resources of earth without caring environment.
ii) MNCs put pressure on the governments of the develop ing countries to mend their policies
according to them.
iii) Some critics said globalisation is a form of neo-colonialism .
iv) The manufacturing units of the MNCs are the major cause of spreading pollution in the
environment.
v) Globalisation widens the gap between rich and poor. One day all the effects of globalisation
bring disa ster in the world. The people of the whole world will suffer from it.
OR
“Technology is the vital force in the modern form of globalisation.” Explain the statement
with suitable example.
A. i) Rapid improvement in technology has been one major factor that has stimulated the
globalisation process. For instance, the past fifty years have seen several improvements in
transportation technology. This has made much faster delivery of goods across long distances
possible at lower costs.
ii) In recent times, technology in the areas of telecommunications, computers, Internet has
been changing rapidly.
iii) Telecommunication facilities (telegraph, telephone including mobile phones, fax) are used
to contact one another around the world, to access information instantly, and to communicate
from remote areas.

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SECTION - D
LONG ANSWER BASED QUESTIONS (5M × 4 = 20M)

30. “Promotion of energy conservation is important plank of sustainable energy.” Explain the
statement with examples. 5
A. Energy is a basic requirement for economic development. Every sector of the national economy,
agriculture, industry, transport, commercial and domestic, needs inputs of energy.
i) The economic development plans implemented since Independence necessarily required
increasing amounts of energy to remain operational.
ii) As a result, consumption of energy in all forms has been steadily rising all over the country.
iii) We gate energy from natural resources like coal , Petroleum etc. But now a days due to
heavy use of these natural resources they became limited and go on decreasing .
iv) They may even disappear in the near future. Because they are non renewable resources and
requires 1000 years for their production.
v) In this background, there is an urgent need to develop a sustainable path of energy
development.
vi) Promotion of energy conservation and increased use of renewable energy sources are the
twin planks of sustainable energy.
So we have to minimise the use of these products and store them for our next generations.
vi) The scientists say that the renewable energy is the best alternative source to maintain our
energy requirements. These sources are water energy, Air energy and solar energy.
These resources are present in the earth in large amount and these are renewable resources .
(Any Five Releavant Points)
OR
Explain the various forms in which minerals occur.
A. Rocks are combinations of homogenous substances called minerals. Some rocks, for instance
limestone, consist of a single mineral only, but majority of the rock consist of several minerals in
varying proportions.
i) Minerals in Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks: In igneous and metamorphic rocks, the
minerals are found in crevices, faults or joints. The smaller occurrences are called veins and
the larger ones are called as lodes. In most cases, they are formed when minerals in liquid /
molten and gaseous forms are forced upward through cavities towards the earth’s surface.
They cool and solidify as they rise. Major metallic minerals like tin, copper, zinc, lead, etc.
are obtained from veins and lodes.
ii) Minerals in Decomposed Rocks: Another mode of formation involves the decomposition
of surface rocks and the removal of soluble constituents, leaving a residual mass of weathered
material containing ores. Bauxite is formed in this way.
iii) Minerals in Alluvial Deposits: Certain minerals may occur as alluvial deposits in sands of
valley floors and the base of hills. These deposits are called ‘placer deposits’, and generally
contain minerals, which are not corroded by water. Gold, silver, tin and platinum are most
important among such minerals.
iv) Minerals in Sedimentary Rocks: In sedimentary rocks, a number of minerals occur in
beds or layers. They have been formed as a result of deposition, accumulation and
concentration in horizontal strata. Coal and some forms of iron ore have been concentrated
as a result of long periods under great heat and pressure. Another group of sedimentary
minerals include gypsum, potash, salt and sodium salt. These are formed as a result of
evaporation, especially in arid regions.

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Social Science X Pre Board Examinations

31. ‘‘Issues of caste discrimination began to be written about in many printed tracts and essays
in India in the late nineteenth century.’’ Support the statement with two suitable examples.
5
A. Public libraries: The print reached to the poor in the 19th century. Publishers started producing
small and cheap books. These books were sold at crossroads. Public libraries were set up by the
Christian missionaries and the rich people.
Highlighting the issue of class discrimination: From the late 19th century, many writers started
writing about the issue of class distinction.
i) Jyotiba Phule was a social reformer. He wrote about the poor condition of “low caste”. In
his book Gulamgiri (1871). he wrote about the injustices of the caste system.
ii) In the 20th century, B.R. Ambedkar also wrote powerfully against the caste system. He also
wrote against untouchability.
iii) E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker, also known as Periyar too wrote about the caste system prevailing
in Madras (Chennai).
The writings of these writers were read by people all over India. Local protest movements and
sects also created a lot of popular journals and tracts criticising ancient scriptures with a view of
creating new and just future.
Poor workers and the print:
i) Workers in factories were too overworked, and thus, lacked the education to write about
their expectations and experiences. But Keshibaba, a Kanpur mill worker, wrote and
published Chhote Aur Bade Ka Sawal in 1938 to depict the links between caste and class
exploitation.
ii) The poems of another Kanpur mill worker, who wrote under the name of Sudarshan Chakra
between 1935 and 1955 were brought together, and published in a collection called Sacchi
Kauitayain.
iii) By the 1930s, Bangalore cotton mill workers set up libraries to educate themselves. By
doing so, they were following the example of Bombay workers.
iv) These libraries were sponsored by social reformers who tried to restrict excessive drinking
among the poor, to bring literacy and sometimes, to propagate the message of nationalism.
OR
What did the spread of print culture in the 19th century Europe mean to:
a) Women b) Workers.
A. Women:
i) Women as readers: Lives and feelings of women began to be written in intense ways. So
women became important as readers. Penny magazines were especially meant for women,
as were manuals teaching proper behaviour and housekeeping.
ii) Women as writers: Many women novelist like Jane Austin, Bronte Sisters, George Eliot
wrote about women. Novels and other journals began exploring the world of women - their
emotions, identities, their experiences and problems. The writings of women became
important in defining a new type of women - a person with will, strength of personality,
determination and the power to think.
iii) Novels and books on women: As the readership of women was increasing publishers started
producing novels and journals for women. Many journals began carrying writings by women,
and explained why women should be educated.
Workers:
i) Lending Libraries: Lending libraries had been in existence from the seventeenth century

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onwards. In the nineteenth century, lending libraries in England became instruments for
educating the white-collar workers, artisans and lower-middle-class people.
ii) Autobiographies: Sometimes, self-educated working class people wrote for themselves. After
the working day was gradually shortened from the mid-nineteenth century, workers had
some time for self-improvement and self-expression. They wrote political tracts and
autobiographies in large numbers.
iii) Novels on the lives of the workers: In the 19th century, Europe entered the industrial age.
Factories came up, profits increased and the economy grew. But at the same time, workers
faced problems of unemployment, low wages, poor working conditions. Many novelists
such as Charles Dickens and Thomas Hardy wrote about the adverse impact of
industrialisation on the lives of workers.
32. Describe the different ways through which women face discrimination and oppression in
India. 5
A. In our country women still lag much behind men despite some improvements since Independence.
Women face disadvantage discrimination and oppression in various ways:
i) The literacy rate among women is only 54 percent as compared with 76 percent among
men.
ii) Similarly a smaller proportion of girl student go for higher studies. Girls are performing as
well as boys in school. But they drop out because parents prefer to spend their resources for
their boys education rather than spending equally on their sons and daughters.
iii) The proportion of if women among the highly paid and valued jobs is still very small. On an
average an Indian woman works one hour more than an average man everyday.
iv) The Equal Wages Act provides that equal wages should be paid to equal work. However in
almost all areas of work from sports and cinema to factories and fields women are paid less
than men/ even when both do exactly the same work.
v) In many parts of India parents prefer to have sons and find ways to have the girl child
aborted before she is born. Such sex-selective abortion led to a decline in child sex ratio.
vi) Woman face harassment exploitation and violence on the domestic front.
OR
What is communalism ? What are the major beliefs of communal people ?
A. Communalism is a situation when a particular community tries to promote its own interest at the
cost of other communities.
Communal politics is based on the idea that religion is the principal basis of social community.
Communalism involves thinking along the following lines:
i) The followers of a particular religion must belong to one community.
ii) Their fundamental interests should be the same. Any difference that they may have is
irrelevant or trivial for community life.
iii) Communalism also follows that people who follow different religions cannot belong to the
same social community. If the followers of different religions have some commonalities,
these are superficial and immaterial. Their interests are bound to be different and involve a
conflict.
iv) Sometimes, communalism leads to the belief that people belonging to different religions
cannot live as equal citizens within one nation. Either one of them has to dominate the rest,
or they have to form different nations.

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33. Why is it necessary for banks and co-operatives to extend their lending activities in rural
areas? Explain. 5
A. i) Most loans from informal lenders carry a very high interest rate and do little to increase the
income of the borrowers.
ii) Hence it is necessary that banks and cooperatives increase their lending particularly in the
rural areas so that the dependence on informal sources of credit reduces.
iii) While formal sector loans need to expand it is also necessary that everyone receives these
loans.
iv) At present it is the richer households who receive formal credit whereas the poor have to
depend on the informal sources.
v) So it is important that the formal credit is distributed more equally so that the poor can
benefit from the cheaper loans.
OR
Study the given pie charts carefully, and answer the questions that follow.

i) What percentage of the loans are taken from informal sources by the poor households
in urban areas? 1
A. 54 per cent of the loans taken by poor households in the urban areas are from informal
sources.
ii) Which category of urban households take the highest percentage of loan from the
formal sector? Why? 2
A. i) Wealthy households ake the highest percentage of loan from the formal sector in urban
areas.
ii) Compared to unofficial sources of lending, loans have lower interest rates. Because
wealthier households are better able to provide collateral and other necessary
documentation that banks and co-operatives require, the share of formal sector credit
is higher for wealthy households.
iii) Why do you think that the share of formal sector credit is higher for the richer
households compared to the poorer households? 2
A. i) Formal sources of credit in India need to be expanded for the development of the
nation. Increase in cheap and affordable credit for poor households is a necessity for
the development of the nation.
ii) It will increase the income and savings of the poor households. Helps in enhancement
of the purchasing power of the poor, also increase the ability of them to invest more
and more in the markets.
iii) A strong vicious cycle been created which helps in economic growth rate of the
economy.

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X Pre Board Examinations Social Science

SECTION E
CASE BASED QUESTIONS (4M × 3 = 12M)

34 Read the following source and answer the questions that follow.
Printed Words
This is how Mercier describes the impact of the printed word, and the power of reading in one of
his books : ‘Anyone who had seen me reading would have compared me to a man dying of thirst
who was gulping down some fresh, pure water.... Lighting my lamp with extraordinary caution, I
threw myself hungrily into the reading. An easy eloquence, effortless and animated, carried me
from one page to the next without my noticing it. A clock struck off the hours in the silence of the
shadows, and I heard nothing. My lamp began to run out of oil and produced only a pale light, but
still I read on. I could not even take out time to raise the wick for fear of interrupting my pleasure.
How those new ideas rushed into my brain! How my intelligence adopted them! ’
34.1 How does the passage reflect the immersive nature of reading of Mercier? [1]
A. The passage highlights Mercier's immersive nature of reading through its emphasis on the
deep emotional and intellectual engagement that reading evokes in him.
34.2 Why did Mercier describe himself as a virtual writer? [1]
A. Mercier described himself as a virtual writer because he vividly imagined and internalized
the content he read, as if he was experiencing it firsthand. The ideas from the books became
a part of his own thinking and understanding.
34.3 How did reading influence Mercier’s intellectual capacity and his engagement with
new concepts ? Explain in any two points. [2]
A. i) Through reading, Mercier encountered a diverse range of ideas, perspectives, and
viewpoints that expanded his intellectual horizons.
ii) He engaged with a variety of topics, genres, and authors, gaining insights into different
cultures, historical periods, and philosophical schools of thought.
35. Read the given extract and answer following questions: 4
The physical diversities and plurality of cultures in India are also reflected in agricultural practices
and cropping patterns in the country. Various types of food and fibre crops, vegetables and fruits,
spices and condiments, etc. constitute some of the important crops grown in the country. India has
three cropping seasons — rabi, kharif and zaid.
35.1 What helps in success of rabi season crops grown in the states of north and north-
western parts of India? [1]
A. Availability of precipitation during winter months due to the western temperate cyclones
helps in the success of these crops in the states of north and north-western parts of India.
35.2 Name the three crops of paddy grown in a year in states like Assam, West Bengal and
Odisha. [1]
A. Aus, Aman and Boro.
35.3 Write the period of kharif crop season. Mention the important crops grown during
this season. [2]
A. i) Kharif crops are grown with the onset of monsoon in different parts of the country and
these are harvested in September-October.
ii) Important crops grown during this season are paddy, maize, jowar, bajra, tur (arhar),
moong, urad, cotton, jute, groundnut and soyabean.

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Social Science X Pre Board Examinations
36. Read the given extract and answer following questions. 4
Loans from Cooperatives
Besides banks, the other major source of cheap credit in rural areas are the cooperative societies
(or cooperatives). Members of a cooperative pool their resources for cooperation in certain areas.
There are several types of cooperatives possible such as farmers cooperatives, weavers cooperatives
and industrial workers cooperatives, etc. Krishak Cooperative functions in a village not very far
away from Sonpur. It has 2300 farmers as members. It accepts deposits rom its members. With
these deposits as collateral, the Cooperative has obtained a large loan from the bank. These funds
are used to provide loans to members. Once these loans are repaid, another round of lending can
take place.
36.1 ‘Cooperative society’ is an example of which souce of ‘credit’? [1]
A. ‘Cooperative society’ is an example of a formal sector credit.
36.2 Explain the contribution of Cooperative Societies in rural development. [1]
A. i) The primary purpose of cooperatives in rural development is to empower communities
economically and socially.
ii) Cooperatives achieve this by promoting collective action, shared ownership, and
democratic decision-making to address various challenges faced by rural populations.
36.3 Mention any two sources of capital for Self-Help Groups. [2]
A. i) Member Contribtions: Members of the self-help group pool their savings and
contribute funds to the group's collective savings account. ...
ii) Bank Loans: Self-help groups can also access capital through loans from formal
financial institutions such as banks or microfinance institutions.

SECTION F
MAP SKILL BASED QUESTION (2+3=5)
37. a. Two places A and B have been marked on the given outline map of India. Identify
them and write their correct names on the lines drawn near them. 2
A) The place where Indian National Congress session was held in December 1920.
B) The place where the most infamous Jallianwala Bagh incident took place.
b. On the same outline map of India locate and label any THREE of the following with
suitable Symbols. 3
a) Sardar Sarovar Dam - The Largest water conservation project of India.
b) Rajiv Gandhi International Airport.
c) Talcher - A coal mine located in the state of Odisha.
d) Salem - Iron and Steel Plant in the state of Tamil Nadu.
Note:The following questions are for Visually Impaired Candidates only in lieu of Q.No.37.
Attempt any FIVE questions.
37.1 The place where Indian National Congress session was held in December 1920. 1
37.2 The place where the most infamous Jallianwalabagh incident took place. 1
37.3 The Largest water conservation project of India. 1
37.4 An International Airport in Punjab 1
37.5 A coal mine located in the state of Odisha. 1
37.6 An Iron and Steel Plant in the state of Tamil Nadu. 1

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X Pre Board Examinations Social Science

For the Question No 37

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