PANGASUIS of
Breeding and hatchery
management of
Pangasius, a genus of
freshwater catfish,
involves several critical
steps:
PRE-BREEDING PHASES
1. *Broodstock selection*:
Choose healthy, disease-
free fish with desirable
traits.
2. *Conditioning*: Provide
optimal water quality,
nutrition, and environment.
3. *Sexing*: Separate
males and females.
BREEDING PHASES
1. *Induced breeding*: Use
hormonal induction (e.g.,
Ovaprim, Pituitary Gland
Extract) to stimulate
spawning.
2. *Spawning*: Monitor for
spawning, typically
occurring 6-12 hours post-
induction.
3. *Egg collection*: Gather
eggs from spawning tanks.
HATCHERY MANAGEMENT
1. *Egg incubation*: Maintain water quality, temperature (26-28°C), and aeration.
2. *Hatching*: Monitor for hatching (24-30 hours post-spawning).
3. *Larval rearing*: Provide adequate food (e.g., Artemia), water quality, and aeration.
4. *Nursery phase*: Transfer larvae to nursery tanks with suitable water parameters.
A. TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Siluformes
Family: Pangasidae
Genus: pangasius
B. LOCAL TERM/ COMMON NAME/ ENGLISH NAME
LOCAL TERM- PHILIPPINES:
1. Ikan Patin
2. Pangasius
COMMON NAME:
1. Pangasius Catfish
2. Asian Catfish
3. Basa Fish
4. Striped Catfish
5. Sutchi Catfish
ENGLISH NAME:
1. Pangasius Catfish
2. Asian Catfish
3. Basa Fish
4. Striped Catfish
5. Sutchi Catfish
6. White Catfish
7. Panga Fish
8. River Cobbler
9. Silver Pangasius
10. Giant Pangasius
C. ORIGIN OF SPECIES PANGASIUS
EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY:
Native Range
1. *Mekong River Basin*: Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam.
2. *Chao Phraya River Basin*: Thailand.
3. *Malay Peninsula*: Malaysia and southern Thailand.
4. *Indonesian islands*: Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi.
D. BIOLOGY OF PANGASUIS
# Physical Characteristic
1. *Body shape*: Elongated, cylindrical
2. *Scales*: Small, cycloid
3. *Mouth*: Sub-terminal, wide
4. *Dorsal fin*: Small, posterior
5. *Anal fin*: Long, pointed
6. *Barbels*: 4 pairs (nasal, maxillary, mandibular)
7. *Size*: Up to 3 meters (10 ft) in length, 300 kg (660 lbs) weight
# Reproduction
1. *Sex ratio*: Male:Female (1:1)
2. *Maturity age*: 2-4 years
3. *Spawning temperature*: 24-30°C (75-86°F)
4. *Spawning season*: May-October
5. *Fecundity*: 100,000-500,000 eggs/female
6. *Egg size*: 0.5-1.5 mm diameter
# Growth and Development
1. *Larval stage*: 24-30 hours
2. *Fry stage*: 1-2 weeks
3. *Juvenile stage*: 2-6 months
4. *Growth rate*: 1-2 kg/month (2.2-4.4 lbs/month)
5. *Maximum age*: 10-15 years
# Habitat and Behavior
1. *Habitat*: Freshwater rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and brackish water
2. *Depth range*: 0-50 meters (0-164 ft)
3. *Migration*: Upstream for spawning
4. *Feeding behavior*: Omnivorous, bottom-dwellers
5. *Social behavior*: Schooling, nocturnal
# Nutrition and Diet
1. *Food sources*: Phytoplankton, zooplankton, insects, crustaceans, fish
2. *Diet composition*: 60-80% protein, 10-20% lipid
3. *Feeding frequency*: 2-3 times/day
# Physiological Characteristics
1. *Optimum temperature*: 25-30°C (77-86°F)
2. *Optimum pH*: 6.5-8.5
3. *Optimum dissolved oxygen*: 3-6 mg/L
4. *Tolerance to salinity*: Up to 25 ppt
# Disease and Parasites
1. *Common diseases*: Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda
2. *Parasites*: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Trichodina spp.
# Genetics
1. *Chromosome number*: 2n = 60
2. *Genetic diversity*: High among species
3. *Genetic improvement*: Selective breeding programs
# References
1. FishBase
2. World Register of Marine Species
3. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture
4. ResearchGate publications
5. Scientific American
INTERNAL MORPHOLOGY:
# Digestive System
1. *Mouth*: Sub-terminal, wide, with small teeth
2. *Pharynx*: Short, muscular
3. *Esophagus*: Narrow, connecting pharynx to stomach
4. *Stomach*: J-shaped, glandular, acidic (pH 2-3)
5. *Intestine*: Long, coiled, divided into anterior and posterior sections
6. *Rectum*: Short, connecting intestine to anus
7. *Liver*: Large, lobed, producing bile
8. *Pancreas*: Diffused, scattered throughout intestinal mesentery
# Respiratory System
1. *Gills*: Four pairs, branchial arches with gill rakers
2. *Gill filaments*: Thin, vascularized, for gas exchange
3. *Air-breathing organ*: Modified swim bladder, absent in some species
4. *Labyrinthine organ*: Present in some species, facilitating air breathing
# Circulatory System
1. *Heart*: Two-chambered, with atrium and ventricle
2. *Atrium*: Receives blood from body
3. *Ventricle*: Pumps blood to gills and body
4. *Aorta*: Arterial vessel, arising from ventricle
5. *Venous system*: Returns blood to heart
# Nervous System
1. *Brain*: Small, divided into cerebrum, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata
2. *Spinal cord*: Extends from brain to caudal fin
3. *Cranial nerves*: 10 pairs, controlling sensory and motor functions
4. *Ganglia*: Clusters of nerve cells, regulating various functions
# Reproductive System
1. *Ovaries* (female): Paired, lobed, producing eggs
2. *Testes* (male): Paired, lobed, producing sperm
3. *Gonoducts*: Connecting gonads to genital pore
4. *Genital papilla*: Modified anal fin, facilitating spawning
# Endocrine System
1. *Pituitary gland*: Regulates growth, reproduction
2. *Thyroid gland*: Controls metabolism
3. *Adrenal glands*: Produce hormones (e.g., adrenaline)
4. *Gonadal glands*: Regulate reproductive functions
# Skeletal System
1. *Vertebral column*: 45-50 vertebrae
2. *Ribs*: Absent
3. *Dorsal fin*: Supported by spines and rays
4. *Anal fin*: Supported by spines and rays
5. *Caudal fin*: Supported by rays
# Other Organs
1. *Swim bladder*: Gas-filled, maintaining buoyancy
2. *Kidneys*: Paired, excretory organs
3. *Spleen*: Filters blood
4. *Gallbladder*: Stores bile
# Species-Specific Variations
1. Pangasius pangasius: Larger size, modified air-breathing organ
2. Pangasius hypophthalmus: Smaller size, reduced air-breathing organ
3. Pangasius bocourti: Giant size, distinctive morphological features
SEXUAL DIMORPHISM:
1. MALES:
- Developed genital papilla
- Move prominent nuptial tubercules
- Darker coloration during collaboration
2. FEMALES:
- Larger genital opening
- Less prominent nuptial tubercules
- Lighter coloration during breeding
SEX RATIO:
1. NATURAL POPULATION: 1:1 male female ratio.
2. FARMED POPULATION: May vary depending on breeding
FEEDING HABITS:
1. OMNIVOROUS: Feed on fish, crustaceans, plankton detritus and aquatic plants.
2. BOTTOM FEEDERS: Used sensory barbels to locate food on the substance.
3. NOCTURNAL FEEDERS: Achieve at night, resting during the day.
4. OPPURTUNISTIC FEEDERS: feed on available foods sources.
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