There are three principal tense:
1. Present Tense eZg©vb Kvj|
2. Past Tense AZxZ Kvj|
3. Future Tense fwel¨Z Kvj|
GB wZbwU Tense -Gi cª‡Z¨KwU‡K Avevi Pvi fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq:
1. Indefinite
2. Continuous
3. Perfect
4. Perfect Continuous
Present Indefinite Tense (Simple Present)
1. Positive = Subject (‡K/ Kviv) + Base form of Verb (verb + s/es) + Object
(wK/ Kv‡K)
2. Negative = Subject + do/does not + Base form of Verb + Object.
3. Yes/No = Do/Does + Subject + Base form of the verb + Object.
4. WH interrogative: WH word + do/does + Subject + Base form of the verb +
Object.
1. Positive Sentence:
I, We, You, They) read a book. Avwg eB cwo|
(He, She, It, James) reads a book. ‡m eB c‡o|
Imperative:
Do it. GwU Ki|
Help the beggar. wfLvwiwU‡K mvnvh¨ Ki|
Negative Sentence:
Yes/No Interrogative:
Present Indefinite Tense (Simple Present)
Shaeidur Rahman
[Active = Subject (‡K/ Kviv) + Base form of Verb (verb + s/es) + Object (wK/
Kv‡K)]
[Passive = Object (wK/ Kv‡K) + am, is, are + V3 ( Past Participle of Verb) + By
+ Subject(‡K/ Kviv)]
Active Passive (n/ nq)
Positive (I, We, You, They) read a book. Avwg A book is read . eB cov nq|
eB cwo| The books are read. eB¸‡jv
(He, She, It, James) reads a book. cov nq|
‡m eB c‡o| Let it be done. GwU Kiv
†nvK| Let the beggar be
Do it. GwU Ki| (Imperative)
helped. wfLvwiwU‡K
Help the beggar. wfLvwiwU‡K mvnvh¨ Kiv †nvK|
mvnvh¨ Ki|
Negative (I, We, You, They) do not (don’t) read A book is not read . eB cov nq
a book. Avwg eB cwo bv| bv|
(He, She, It, James) does not The books are not read.
(doesn’t) read a book . ‡m eB c‡o eB¸‡jv cov nq bv|
bv| Let not it be done. GwU bv
[Note: Do, does, did Gi c‡i Verb Kiv †nvK|
Gi Base form e‡m|] Let not the beggar be helped.
Don’t do it. GwU Ki bv| wfLvwiwU‡K mvnvh¨ bv
Don’t help the beggar. wfLvwiwU‡K Kiv †nvK|
mvnvh¨ Ki bv|
Yes/ No Do/ Don’t (I, we, you, they) read a Is/ Isn’t a book read ? eB Kx
Question book? Zzwg Kx eB co?/ co bv? cov nq?/ nq bv?
Does/ Doesn’t (he, she, it, James) read Are/ Aren’t the books read?
a book ? ‡m Kx eB c‡o?/ c‡o bv? eB¸‡jv Kx cov nq?/ nq bv?
Shaeidur Rahman
WH Who reads a book? ‡K eB c‡o? Who By whom is a book read?
Question read the books? Kviv eB¸‡jv c‡o? Kvi Øviv eB cov nq?
Who doesn’t read a book? ‡K eB c‡o By whom is not a book read?
bv? Kvi Øviv eB cov nq bv?
Who don’t read the books? Kviv (Why, How, When,
eB¸‡jv c‡o bv?
Where, How often, What) is/
(Why, How, When, Where, How often, is not a book read? †Kb eB
What) do/ don’t (I, we, you, they) read cov nq?/ nq bv?
a book? Zzwg ‡Kb eB co?/ co bv?
(Why, How, When,
(Why, How, When, Where, How often)
Where, How often, What) are/
does/ doesn’t (he, she, it, James) read a
are not the books read? †Kb
book ? ‡m ‡Kb eB c‡o?/ c‡o bv?
eB¸‡jv cov nq?/ nq bv?
Which job do you like/ need? ‡Kvb
Which job is needed? ‡Kvb
KvR Zzwg cP›‘ Ki?
KvR cÖ‡qvRb nq?
In which the company do you work?
In whish the company is
†Kvb K¤úvwb‡Z Zzwg KvR Ki?
worked? ‡Kvb K¤úvwb‡Z
KvR Kiv nq?
[we:‘ª: Av‡iv we¯ÍvwiZ Rvb‡Z n‡j K¬vm Ki‡Z n‡e|]
Signal words: Always, usually (mvaviYZ) , often (cÖvqB), sometimes, seldom
(K‘vwPr), never, every day, every week, every month, every year, on Sunday,
[(Once, twice, thrice, four times) a (week, day, month, year) (mßv‡n GK evi)]
How often do you go to the college in a week? Zzwg mßv‡n KZ w‘b K‡j‡R hvI?
I go to the college once a week. Avwg mßv‡n GK w‘b K‡j‡R hvB|
I go to the college five times a week. Avwg mßv‡n cvuP w‘b K‡j‡R hvB| Verb Gi
mv‡_ KLb ‘s’ n‡e, KLb ‘es’ n‡e|
Note-1: Present Indefinite Tense G Subject hw‘ 3rd person singular number nq,
A_©vr (He, she, it, James, somebody, someone, something, anybody, anyone,
anything, nobody, no one, nothing, everybody, everyone, everything, my father,
your mother, uncountable noun) Zvn‡j Verb Gi mv‡_ ‘s/es’ hy³ n‡e|
Example: He wants, She needs, He gives, She thinks.
Note-2: hw‘ Verb Gi †k‡l - s, ss, sh, ch, o, x, z v‡K, Zvn‡j Verb Gi mv‡ ‘es’ hy³
n‡e| Ab¨_vq ïay ‘s’ hy³ n‡e|
Example: He passes, She catches, He fixes, It pushes.
Shaeidur Rahman
Note-3: Verb ‡k‡l hw‘ ‘Y’ _v‡K, ‘Y’ Gi Av‡M hw‘ Vowel (a, e, i, o, u) _v‡K,
Zvn‡j ‘Y’ Gi †Kvb cwieZ©b n‡e bv| ïay ‘s’ hy³ Ki‡Z n‡e| ‡hgb: play > plays,
pray > prays.
hw‘ ‘Y’ Gi Av‡M Consonant _v‡K, Zvn‡j ‘Y’ Gi cwie‡Z© ‘ies’ hy³ n‡e| ‡hgb:
fly > flies, cry > cries.
More Example:
He goes to school every morning.
She understands English.
It mixes the sand and the water.
He tries very hard.
She enjoys playing the piano.
My daily routine:
My name is ------. I always wake up at 7 o’clock in the morning then I wash my
face and brush my teeth. After that, I do some exercises then I put my clothes on
and prepare my school bag. Next, I have my breakfast and wait for the school bus.
At 8 o’clock I go to school and start my first class then I go to the second class.
After that, I often take my lunch break and talk with my friends. At around 12
noon I go back home and take a rest. Next, I usually watch some TV and chat with
my family then I do my homework and help my mother in the house. At 9 o’clock
I read a book and go to sleep.
Run and Play
Lisa returns home. She cannot believe her eyes! Her kids, Amy and Ben, are in the
living room. They run around the big and expensive table and shout. This game is
enjoyed by them very much. Lisa stands and looks at them. This is what she sees
and hears: Ben is asked to wait for Amy, but he does not wait. He continues to run.
So Amy’s request is changed. Now Ben is asked to help Amy. Ben stops and Amy
is helped. (Lisa is impressed!) Now Lisa is invited to join them. “Yes, mummy!
Come and join us!” Amy and Ben shout. So Amy and Ben are joined by Lisa. They
run and play. This game is enjoyed very much by all of them. Amy kisses Ben.
Ben kisses Amy. Then Lisa is kissed, too. Now Lisa wants to rest, so she goes into
her bedroom. But there are many things on her bed. They are moved by the kids. A
blanket is needed and Lisa receives it. She now sleeps in her bed. Amy and Ben are
at home, so they are protected by their loving mother. But, wait! What is that
terrible mess? Oh no, the big and expensive table is smashed! Well, the table was
not so protected .
Past Indefinite Tense
Shaeidur Rahman
[Active = Subject + Past form of Verb + Object]
[Passive = Object + was, were + V3 ( Past Participle of Verb) + By + Subject]
Active Passive (n/ nq)
I saw a movie yesterday. Avwg A movie was seen yesterday.
Positive MZKvj GKwU gywf ‡‘‡LwQ| MZKvj GKwU gywf ‡‘Lv
(‡‘‡LwQjvg) n‡q‡Q| (n‡qwQj)
I did not (didn’t) see a movie
yesterday. MZKvj Avwg †Kvb A movie was not (wasn’t) seen
Negative gywf ‡‘wLwb| yesterday. MZKvj ‡Kvb gywf
[Note: Do, does, did Gi c‡i Verb ‡‘Lv nqwb|
Gi Base form e‡m|]
Was a movie seen yesterday?
Did you see a movie yesterday? MZKvj †Kvb gywf ‡‘Lv
Yes/ No Zzwg MZKvj †Kvb gywf ‡‘‡LQ? n‡qwQj?
Question Did not you see a movie yesterday? Was not a movie seen
Zzwg MZKvj †Kvb gywf ‡‘‡Lwb? yesterday? MZKvj †Kvb gywf
‡‘Lv nqwb?
By whom was a movie seen
yesterday? Kvi Øviv MZKvj
Who saw a movie yesterday? ‡K gywf
MZKvj gywf ‡‘‡L‡Q?
‡‘Lv n‡q‡Q?
Who did not (didn’t) see a movie
WH yesterday? ‡K MZKvj gywf By whom was not a movie seen
Question ‡‘‡Lwb? (Why, How, When, yesterday? Kvi Øviv MZKvj
Where, How often, What) did you gywf ‡‘Lv nqwb?
see a movie yesterday? ‡Kb MZKvj (Why, How, When, Where,
Zzwg gywf †‘‡LQ? How often, What) was a movie
seen yesterday? ‡Kb MZKvj
gywf †‘Lv n‡q‡Q?
Signal words: Yesterday, last week, last month, last year, in 2017, ago, for a while,
It is time, It is high time, Wish, long since, once, etc.
Example:
Mohsin woke up and saw an angle last night.
It is high time we changed our learning systems.
Shaeidur Rahman
The Example of Past Indefinite Active and Passive
Active Passive
She killed a snake. A snake was killed by her.
The students did not complete their Their homework was not completed by
homework. the students.
India helped poor countries in past. Poor countries were helped by India in
past.
Sachin Tendulkar opted Retirement from cricket was opted by
retirement from cricket. Sachin Tendulkar.
Did he make a wise decision? Was a wise decision made by him?
He gave so much to the game. The game was given so much by him.
He deposited school fees of the poor School fees of the poor student were
student. deposited by him.
Ramesh drove my car from My car was driven by Ramesh from Delhi
Delhi to Jaipur in 2000. to Jaipur in 2000.
Kirit Aditya gave me full respect. I was given full respect by Kirit Aditya.
Future Indefinite Tense
[Active = Subject + will + (base form of verb) + Object]
[Passive = Object + will be + V3 ( Past Participle of Verb) + By + Subject]
Active Passive (n/ nq)
Positive She will take dinner at 9 pm. Dinner will be taken at 9 pm.
wZwb ivZ 9 Uvq wWbvi †b‡eb| ivZ 9 Uvq wWbvi ‡bqv n‡e|
Negative She will not (won’t) take Dinner will not (won’t) be
dinner at 9 pm. wZwb ivZ 9 Uvq taken at 9 pm.
wWbvi †b‡eb bv| ivZ 9 Uvq wWbvi ‡bqv n‡e bv|
Yes / No Will you take dinner at 9 pm? Will dinner be taken at 9 pm? ivZ
Question Zzwg Kx ivZ 9 Uvq wWbvi 9 Uvq wWbvi n‡e?
†b‡e? Will not dinner be taken at 9 pm?
Shaeidur Rahman
Will not you take dinner at 9 pm? ivZ 9 Uvq wWbvi n‡e bv?
Zzwg Kx ivZ 9 Uvq wWbvi †b‡e
bv?
WH Who will take dinner at 9 pm? ‡K By whom will dinner be taken at
Question ivZ 9 Uvq wWbvi †b‡e? 9 pm? Kvi Øviv ivZ 9 Uvq
(Why, How, When, Where, wWbvi n‡e?
How often, What) will you take (Why, How, When, Where, How
dinner at 9 pm? ‡Kb Zzwg ivZ 9 often, What) will dinner be taken
Uvq wWbvi ‡b‡e? at 9 pm? ‡Kb ivZ 9 Uvq wWbvi
n‡e?
[we:‘ª: Av‡iv we¯ÍvwiZ Rvb‡Z n‡j K¬vm Ki‡Z n‡e]
Forming Going to Future
[Active = Subject + am, is, are + going to + (base form of verb) + Object]
[Passive = Object + am, is, are + going to be + V3 ( Past Participle of
Verb) + By + Subject]
Active Passive (n/ nq)
Positive I am going to invite her. Avwg Zv‡K She is going to be invited.
Avgš¿Y Rvbv‡Z hvw”Q| wZwb Avgwš¿Z n‡Z hv‡”Q|
Negative I am not going to invite her. She is not going to be invited.
Yes / No Are you going to invite her? Is she going to be invited?
Question
WH Who is going to invite her? ‡K Zv‡K By home Is she going to be
Question Avgš¿Y Rvbv‡Z hv‡”Q? invited? Kvi Øviv wZwb
Avgwš¿Z n‡Z hv‡”Qb?
Why are you going to invite her?
Why is she going to be invited?
The Example of Future Indefinite Active and Passive
Active Passive
Shaeidur Rahman
She will sign these papers These papers will be signed by her.
I shall make a table. A table will be made by me.
India helped poor countries in past. Poor countries were helped by India in past.
She will take dinner at 9 pm. Dinner will be taken by her at 9 pm.
The tailor will alter my shirt My shirt will be altered by the tailor
tomorrow. tomorrow.
She will not allow her maid to clean Her maid will not be allowed by her to clean
her room in her absence. her room in her absence.
She will not believe her maid. Her maid will not be believed by her.
I will discharge my duties honestly. My duties will be discharged by me honestly.
She will disclose all the secrets of All the secrets of her brother will be
her brother. disclosed by her.
All Indefinite Tenses (Active)
Present I go to Basic English. Avwg Basic English -G hvB|
Past I went to Basic English. Avwg Basic English -G wM‡qwQjvg|
Future I will go to Basic English. Avwg Basic English -G hve|
Present She cooks rice. †m fvZ ivbœv K‡i|
Past She cooked rice. †m fvZ ivbœv K‡iwQj|
Future She will cook rice. †m fvZ ivbœv Ki‡e|
All Indefinite Tenses (Passive)
Present Rice is cooked. fvZ ivbœv Kiv nq|
Past Rice was cooked. fvZ ivbœv Kiv n‡qwQj|
Future Rice will be cooked. fvZ ivbœv Kiv n‡e|
Present Cricket is played. wµ‡KU †Ljv nq|
Past Cricket was played. wµ‡KU †Ljv n‡qwQj|
Future Cricket will be played. wµ‡KU †Ljv n‡e|
Shaeidur Rahman
Present Continuous Tense
[Active = Subject + am, is, are + (Verb + ing) + Object ]
[Passive = Object + am, is, are + being + V3 ( Past Participle of Verb) + By +
Subject]
Active Passive (n/ nq)
Positive I am seeing a movie. Avwg GKwU A movie is being seen. GKwU
gywf ‡‘L‡ZwQ| gywf ‡‘Lv n‡”Q|
Negative I am not seeing a movie. Avwg A movie is not being seen.
‡Kvb gywf ‡‘L‡ZwQ bv| gywf ‡‘Lv n‡”Q bv|
Yes/ No Are you seeing a movie? Zzwg Kx Is a movie being seen? gywf Kx
Question gywf ‡‘L‡ZQ? ‡‘Lv n‡”Q?
WH
Question
Shaeidur Rahman
[Type your e-mail] [Type your address] [Type your phone number]
[Type your website]
Shaeidur Rahman
Objectives
[Type your objectives]
Education
[Type your school name]
[Type the completion date] [Type the degree]
[Type list of accomplishments]
Experience
[Type the company name]
| [Type the company address]
[Type your job title] [Type the start date] – [Type the end date]
[Type job responsibilities]
Skills
[Type list of skills]
There are three principal tense:
Present Tense eZg©vb Kvj|
Past Tense AZxZ Kvj|
Future Tense fwel¨Z Kvj|
GB wZbwU Tense -Gi cª‡Z¨KwU‡K Avevi Pvi fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq:
Indefinite
Continuous
Perfect
Perfect Continuous
Present Indefinite Tense (Simple Present)
Shaeidur Rahman
Positive = Subject (‡K/ Kviv) + Base form of Verb (verb + s/es) + Object (wK/
Kv‡K)
Negative = Subject + do/does not + Base form of Verb + Object.
Yes/No = Do/Does + Subject + Base form of the verb + Object.
WH interrogative: WH word + do/does + Subject + Base form of the verb +
Object.
Positive Sentence:
I, We, You, They) read a book. Avwg eB cwo|
(He, She, It, James) reads a book. ‡m eB c‡o|
Imperative:
Do it. GwU Ki|
Help the beggar. wfLvwiwU‡K mvnvh¨ Ki|
2.
Present Indefinite Tense (Simple Present)
[Active = Subject (‡K/ Kviv) + Base form of Verb (verb + s/es) + Object (wK/ Kv‡K)]
[Passive = Object (wK/ Kv‡K) + am, is, are + V3 ( Past Participle of Verb) + By +
Subject(‡K/ Kviv)]
Active Passive (n/ nq)
Positive (I, We, You, They) read a book. Avwg eB A book is read . eB cov nq| The
cwo| books are read. eB¸‡jv cov nq|
(He, She, It, James) reads a book. Let it be done. GwU Kiv †nvK|
‡m eB c‡o| Let the beggar be helped.
Do it. GwU Ki| (Imperative) wfLvwiwU‡K mvnvh¨ Kiv
Help the beggar. wfLvwiwU‡K mvnvh¨ †nvK|
Ki|
Shaeidur Rahman
Negative (I, We, You, They) do not (don’t) read a A book is not read . eB cov nq
book. Avwg eB cwo bv| bv|
(He, She, It, James) does not The books are not read. eB¸‡jv
(doesn’t) read a book . ‡m eB c‡o bv| cov nq bv|
[Note: Do, does, did Gi c‡i Verb Let not it be done. GwU bv
Gi Base form e‡m|] Kiv †nvK|
Don’t do it. GwU Ki bv| Let not the beggar be helped.
Don’t help the beggar. wfLvwiwU‡K wfLvwiwU‡K mvnvh¨ bv
mvnvh¨ Ki bv| Kiv †nvK|
Yes/ No Do/ Don’t (I, we, you, they) read a book? Is/ Isn’t a book read ? eB Kx
Question Zzwg Kx eB co?/ co bv? cov nq?/ nq bv?
Does/ Doesn’t (he, she, it, James) read a Are/ Aren’t the books read?
book ? ‡m Kx eB c‡o?/ c‡o bv? eB¸‡jv Kx cov nq?/ nq bv?
WH Who reads a book? ‡K eB c‡o? Who By whom is a book read?
Question read the books? Kviv eB¸‡jv c‡o? Kvi Øviv eB cov nq?
Who doesn’t read a book? ‡K eB c‡o bv? By whom is not a book read?
Who don’t read the books? Kviv eB¸‡jv Kvi Øviv eB cov nq bv?
c‡o bv? (Why, How, When,
(Why, How, When, Where, How often, Where, How often, What) is/ is
What) do/ don’t (I, we, you, they) read a not a book read? †Kb eB cov
book? Zzwg ‡Kb eB co?/ co bv? nq?/ nq bv?
(Why, How, When, Where, How often) (Why, How, When,
does/ doesn’t (he, she, it, James) read a Where, How often, What) are/
book ? ‡m ‡Kb eB c‡o?/ c‡o bv? are not the books read? †Kb
Which job do you like/ need? ‡Kvb eB¸‡jv cov nq?/ nq bv?
KvR Zzwg cP›‘ Ki? Which job is needed? ‡Kvb
In which the company do you work? KvR cÖ‡qvRb nq?
†Kvb K¤úvwb‡Z Zzwg KvR Ki? In whish the company is
worked? ‡Kvb K¤úvwb‡Z KvR
Kiv nq?
Shaeidur Rahman
[we:‘ª: Av‡iv we¯ÍvwiZ Rvb‡Z n‡j K¬vm Ki‡Z n‡e|]
Signal words: Always, usually (mvaviYZ) , often (cÖvqB), sometimes, seldom
(K‘vwPr), never, every day, every week, every month, every year, on Sunday,
[(Once, twice, thrice, four times) a (week, day, month, year) (mßv‡n GK evi)]
How often do you go to the college in a week? Zzwg mßv‡n KZ w‘b K‡j‡R hvI?
I go to the college once a week. Avwg mßv‡n GK w‘b K‡j‡R hvB|
I go to the college five times a week. Avwg mßv‡n cvuP w‘b K‡j‡R hvB| Verb Gi
mv‡_ KLb ‘s’ n‡e, KLb ‘es’ n‡e|
Note-1: Present Indefinite Tense G Subject hw‘ 3rd person singular number nq,
A_©vr (He, she, it, James, somebody, someone, something, anybody, anyone,
anything, nobody, no one, nothing, everybody, everyone, everything, my father,
your mother, uncountable noun) Zvn‡j Verb Gi mv‡_ ‘s/es’ hy³ n‡e|
Example: He wants, She needs, He gives, She thinks.
Note-2: hw‘ Verb Gi †k‡l - s, ss, sh, ch, o, x, z v‡K, Zvn‡j Verb Gi mv‡ ‘es’ hy³
n‡e| Ab¨_vq ïay ‘s’ hy³ n‡e|
Example: He passes, She catches, He fixes, It pushes.
Note-3: Verb ‡k‡l hw‘ ‘Y’ _v‡K, ‘Y’ Gi Av‡M hw‘ Vowel (a, e, i, o, u) _v‡K,
Zvn‡j ‘Y’ Gi †Kvb cwieZ©b n‡e bv| ïay ‘s’ hy³ Ki‡Z n‡e| ‡hgb: play > plays,
pray > prays.
hw‘ ‘Y’ Gi Av‡M Consonant _v‡K, Zvn‡j ‘Y’ Gi cwie‡Z© ‘ies’ hy³ n‡e| ‡hgb:
fly > flies, cry > cries.
More Example:
He goes to school every morning.
She understands English.
It mixes the sand and the water.
He tries very hard.
She enjoys playing the piano.
My daily routine:
My name is ------. I always wake up at 7 o’clock in the morning then I wash my
face and brush my teeth. After that, I do some exercises then I put my clothes on
and prepare my school bag. Next, I have my breakfast and wait for the school bus.
At 8 o’clock I go to school and start my first class then I go to the second class.
After that, I often take my lunch break and talk with my friends. At around 12
noon I go back home and take a rest. Next, I usually watch some TV and chat with
my family then I do my homework and help my mother in the house. At 9 o’clock
I read a book and go to sleep.
Run and Play
Lisa returns home. She cannot believe her eyes! Her kids, Amy and Ben, are in the
living room. They run around the big and expensive table and shout. This game is
enjoyed by them very much. Lisa stands and looks at them. This is what she sees
Shaeidur Rahman
and hears: Ben is asked to wait for Amy, but he does not wait. He continues to run.
So Amy’s request is changed. Now Ben is asked to help Amy. Ben stops and Amy
is helped. (Lisa is impressed!) Now Lisa is invited to join them. “Yes, mummy!
Come and join us!” Amy and Ben shout. So Amy and Ben are joined by Lisa. They
run and play. This game is enjoyed very much by all of them. Amy kisses Ben.
Ben kisses Amy. Then Lisa is kissed, too. Now Lisa wants to rest, so she goes into
her bedroom. But there are many things on her bed. They are moved by the kids. A
blanket is needed and Lisa receives it. She now sleeps in her bed. Amy and Ben are
at home, so they are protected by their loving mother. But, wait! What is that
terrible mess? Oh no, the big and expensive table is smashed! Well, the table was
not so protected .
Past Indefinite Tense
[Active = Subject + Past form of Verb + Object]
[Passive = Object + was, were + V3 ( Past Participle of Verb) + By + Subject]
Active Passive (n/ nq)
I saw a movie yesterday. Avwg A movie was seen yesterday.
Positive MZKvj GKwU gywf ‡‘‡LwQ| MZKvj GKwU gywf ‡‘Lv
(‡‘‡LwQjvg) n‡q‡Q| (n‡qwQj)
I did not (didn’t) see a movie
yesterday. MZKvj Avwg †Kvb A movie was not (wasn’t) seen
Negative gywf ‡‘wLwb| yesterday. MZKvj ‡Kvb gywf
[Note: Do, does, did Gi c‡i Verb ‡‘Lv nqwb|
Gi Base form e‡m|]
Was a movie seen yesterday?
Did you see a movie yesterday? MZKvj †Kvb gywf ‡‘Lv
Yes/ No Zzwg MZKvj †Kvb gywf ‡‘‡LQ? n‡qwQj?
Question Did not you see a movie yesterday? Was not a movie seen
Zzwg MZKvj †Kvb gywf ‡‘‡Lwb? yesterday? MZKvj †Kvb gywf
‡‘Lv nqwb?
Shaeidur Rahman
By whom was a movie seen
yesterday? Kvi Øviv MZKvj
Who saw a movie yesterday? ‡K
gywf
MZKvj gywf ‡‘‡L‡Q?
‡‘Lv n‡q‡Q?
Who did not (didn’t) see a movie
By whom was not a movie seen
WH yesterday? ‡K MZKvj gywf
yesterday? Kvi Øviv MZKvj
Question ‡‘‡Lwb? (Why, How, When,
gywf ‡‘Lv nqwb?
Where, How often, What) did you
(Why, How, When, Where,
see a movie yesterday? ‡Kb MZKvj
How often, What) was a movie
Zzwg gywf †‘‡LQ?
seen yesterday? ‡Kb MZKvj
gywf †‘Lv n‡q‡Q?
Signal words: Yesterday, last week, last month, last year, in 2017, ago, for a while,
It is time, It is high time, Wish, long since, once, etc.
Example:
Mohsin woke up and saw an angle last night.
It is high time we changed our learning systems.
The Example of Past Indefinite Active and Passive
Active Passive
She killed a snake. A snake was killed by her.
The students did not complete their Their homework was not completed by
homework. the students.
India helped poor countries in past. Poor countries were helped by India in
past.
Sachin Tendulkar opted Retirement from cricket was opted by
retirement from cricket. Sachin Tendulkar.
Did he make a wise decision? Was a wise decision made by him?
He gave so much to the game. The game was given so much by him.
He deposited school fees of the poor School fees of the poor student were
student. deposited by him.
Ramesh drove my car from My car was driven by Ramesh from Delhi
Delhi to Jaipur in 2000. to Jaipur in 2000.
Shaeidur Rahman
Kirit Aditya gave me full respect. I was given full respect by Kirit Aditya.
Future Indefinite Tense
[Active = Subject + will + (base form of verb) + Object]
[Passive = Object + will be + V3 ( Past Participle of Verb) + By + Subject]
Active Passive (n/ nq)
Positive She will take dinner at 9 pm. Dinner will be taken at 9 pm.
wZwb ivZ 9 Uvq wWbvi †b‡eb| ivZ 9 Uvq wWbvi ‡bqv n‡e|
Negative She will not (won’t) take Dinner will not (won’t) be
dinner at 9 pm. wZwb ivZ 9 Uvq taken at 9 pm.
wWbvi †b‡eb bv| ivZ 9 Uvq wWbvi ‡bqv n‡e bv|
Yes / No Will you take dinner at 9 pm? Will dinner be taken at 9 pm? ivZ
Question Zzwg Kx ivZ 9 Uvq wWbvi 9 Uvq wWbvi n‡e?
†b‡e? Will not dinner be taken at 9 pm?
Will not you take dinner at 9 pm? ivZ 9 Uvq wWbvi n‡e bv?
Zzwg Kx ivZ 9 Uvq wWbvi †b‡e
bv?
WH Who will take dinner at 9 pm? ‡K By whom will dinner be taken at
Question ivZ 9 Uvq wWbvi †b‡e? 9 pm? Kvi Øviv ivZ 9 Uvq
(Why, How, When, Where, wWbvi n‡e?
How often, What) will you take (Why, How, When, Where, How
dinner at 9 pm? ‡Kb Zzwg ivZ 9 often, What) will dinner be taken
Uvq wWbvi ‡b‡e? at 9 pm? ‡Kb ivZ 9 Uvq wWbvi
n‡e?
[we:‘ª: Av‡iv we¯ÍvwiZ Rvb‡Z n‡j K¬vm Ki‡Z n‡e]
Forming Going to Future
[Active = Subject + am, is, are + going to + (base form of verb) + Object]
[Passive = Object + am, is, are + going to be + V3 ( Past Participle of
Verb) + By + Subject]
Active Passive (n/ nq)
Positive I am going to invite her. Avwg Zv‡K She is going to be invited.
Avgš¿Y Rvbv‡Z hvw”Q| wZwb Avgwš¿Z n‡Z hv‡”Q|
Shaeidur Rahman
Negative I am not going to invite her. She is not going to be invited.
Yes / No Are you going to invite her? Is she going to be invited?
Question
WH Who is going to invite her? ‡K Zv‡K By home Is she going to be
Question Avgš¿Y Rvbv‡Z hv‡”Q? invited? Kvi Øviv wZwb
Why are you going to invite her? Avgwš¿Z n‡Z hv‡”Qb?
Why is she going to be invited?
The Example of Future Indefinite Active and Passive
Active Passive
She will sign these papers These papers will be signed by her.
I shall make a table. A table will be made by me.
India helped poor countries in past. Poor countries were helped by India in past.
She will take dinner at 9 pm. Dinner will be taken by her at 9 pm.
The tailor will alter my shirt My shirt will be altered by the tailor
tomorrow. tomorrow.
She will not allow her maid to clean Her maid will not be allowed by her to clean
her room in her absence. her room in her absence.
She will not believe her maid. Her maid will not be believed by her.
I will discharge my duties honestly. My duties will be discharged by me honestly.
She will disclose all the secrets of All the secrets of her brother will be
her brother. disclosed by her.
All Indefinite Tenses (Active)
Present I go to Basic English. Avwg Basic English -G hvB|
Shaeidur Rahman
Past I went to Basic English. Avwg Basic English -G wM‡qwQjvg|
Future I will go to Basic English. Avwg Basic English -G hve|
Present She cooks rice. †m fvZ ivbœv K‡i|
Past She cooked rice. †m fvZ ivbœv K‡iwQj|
Future She will cook rice. †m fvZ ivbœv Ki‡e|
All Indefinite Tenses (Passive)
Present Rice is cooked. fvZ ivbœv Kiv nq|
Past Rice was cooked. fvZ ivbœv Kiv n‡qwQj|
Future Rice will be cooked. fvZ ivbœv Kiv n‡e|
Present Cricket is played. wµ‡KU †Ljv nq|
Past Cricket was played. wµ‡KU †Ljv n‡qwQj|
Future Cricket will be played. wµ‡KU †Ljv n‡e|
Present Continuous Tense
[Active = Subject + am, is, are + (Verb + ing) + Object ]
[Passive = Object + am, is, are + being + V3 ( Past Participle of Verb) + By +
Subject]
Active Passive (n/ nq)
Positive I am seeing a movie. Avwg GKwU A movie is being seen. GKwU
gywf ‡‘L‡ZwQ| gywf ‡‘Lv n‡”Q|
Negative I am not seeing a movie. Avwg A movie is not being seen.
‡Kvb gywf ‡‘L‡ZwQ bv| gywf ‡‘Lv n‡”Q bv|
Yes/ No Are you seeing a movie? Zzwg Kx Is a movie being seen? gywf Kx
Question gywf ‡‘L‡ZQ? ‡‘Lv n‡”Q?
WH
Question
