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Thomas ' Calculus: Early Transcendentals: Functions

The document is a section from 'Thomas’ Calculus: Early Transcendentals' focusing on exponential functions, their applications, and properties. It includes definitions, rules for exponents, and exercises for practice. The natural exponential function, denoted as e^x, is also introduced, highlighting its significance in calculus.

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7 views12 pages

Thomas ' Calculus: Early Transcendentals: Functions

The document is a section from 'Thomas’ Calculus: Early Transcendentals' focusing on exponential functions, their applications, and properties. It includes definitions, rules for exponents, and exercises for practice. The natural exponential function, denoted as e^x, is also introduced, highlighting its significance in calculus.

Uploaded by

na27do
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

9/3/2024

Thomas’ Calculus: Early Transcendentals


Fifteenth Edition

Chapter 1
Functions

Slide - 1
Section 1.4
Exponential Functions

Exercises
Example1
1, 7, 20, 21, 22

Copyright © 2024 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved Slide - 2


Exponential Functions

Exponential functions occur in a wide variety of


applications, including interest rates, radioactive decay,
population growth, the spread of a disease, consumption
of natural resources, the earth’s atmospheric pressure,
temperature change of a heated object placed in a cooler
environment, and the dating of fossils.

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Slide - 3
Exponential
ExponentialFunction
Function

If 𝑎 ≠ 1 is a positive constant, the function 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒂𝒙 is called the


exponential function with base a.
𝑛 +𝑣𝑒 ⇒ 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎 … 𝑎

0 ⇒ 𝑎0 = 1
1
If 𝑥 = −𝑛 ⇒ 𝑎−𝑛 =
𝑎𝑛
𝑝
𝑝 𝑞
⇒ 𝑎 =𝑞 𝑎𝑝
𝑞

𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙, 3, 𝜋, . . . ⇒ 𝑎𝜋 , 𝑎 3 , . . .

Don’t confuse the exponential 𝟐𝒙 with the power function 𝒙𝟐 .In the
exponential, the variable 𝑥 is in the exponent, whereas the variable 𝑥
is the base in the power function.
Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Slide - 4
Exponential Behavior

𝟏 𝒙 𝒂 > 𝟏 , 𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙 , 𝒚 = 𝒆 𝒙
𝟎 < 𝒂 < 𝟏, 𝒚 =
𝟐

Domain=ℝ Domain=ℝ
Range= 0, ∞ Range= 0, ∞
Decreasing Increasing
Neither even nor odd Neither even nor odd

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Slide - 5
3 September 2024 6
Rules for Exponents

If 𝑎, 𝑏 are positive numbers and 𝑥, 𝑦 are any real numbers,


then:
𝑎𝑥
1 𝑥 𝑦
𝑎 𝑎 = 𝑎 𝑥+𝑦
2 𝑎𝑦
= 𝑎 𝑥−𝑦
3 𝑎𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑦 𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑥𝑦

𝑎𝑥 𝑎 𝑥
4 𝑎 𝑥 𝑏 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑏 𝑥
5 𝑏 𝑥
=
𝑏

note 𝑝
𝑎𝑞 =
𝑞
𝑎𝑝

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Slide - 6
Example 2

Use the rules of exponential to simplify the following:


3 2
10 3. 5 2
1. 31.1 . 30.7 2.
10
1/2
4
4. 7𝜋 . 8𝜋 5.
9

Exercise 20

2
6
3

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Slide - 7
The Natural Exponential Function 𝒆𝒙

𝑒: is an irrational number such that the slope of the tangent


line of 𝑦 = 𝑎 𝑥 at 0,1 = 1.
𝑒 ≈ 2.71828

Copyright © 2024 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved Slide - 8


Exercise 1

Sketch the given curves together in the appropriate coordinate plane,


and label each curve with its equation.
𝑥
𝑦= 2𝑥 , 𝑦= 4𝑥 , 𝑦= 3−𝑥 , 𝑦 = 1ൗ5
𝒙
𝟏ൗ
𝟓 𝟒𝒙
𝟐𝒙

𝟑−𝒙

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Slide - 9
Exercise 7

Sketch the shifted exponential curves.

𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 2−𝑥 − 1

𝟐𝒙
𝟐𝒙

𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏
𝟐−𝒙 − 𝟏

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Slide - 10
Exercise 21 Exercise 22

Find the domain of Find the domain of


1
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑔 𝑡 = cos(𝑒 −𝑡 )
2 + 𝑒𝑥

Domain 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝒇 𝒙 ) = domain 𝒇(𝒙).

Domain 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒇(𝒙) = domain 𝒇(𝒙).


𝒆𝒙 is always positive
Domain 𝒆𝒇(𝒙) = domain 𝒇(𝒙).

Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Slide - 11
HOMEWORK

3,8, 9,19,24 (domain only)

Copyright © 2024 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved Slide - 12

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