ACES REVIEW CENTER

M6-Doña Amparo Bldg. España Blvd. Manila

THERMODYNAMICS
BY ENGR. JIMMY L. OCAMPO
0920 . 644 . 6246

A- The Ideal Gas Laws

1. A cylinder contains oxygen at a pressure of 10 atm and a temperature of 300°K. The volume of the cylinder is 10 L. What is the
mass of oxygen?
2. If air is at a pressure, p, of 135 Pa, and at temperature, T of 440K, what is most nearly the specific volume, v? (Air's specific gas
constant is R = 88.81 J/kg.K and air can be modeled as an ideal gas.)
3. An ideal gas is contained in a vessel of unknown volume at a pressure of 1 atmosphere. The gas is released and allowed to expand
into a previously evacuated vessel whose volume is 0.500 L. Once equilibrium has been reached, the temperature remains the same
while the pressure is recorded as 500 mm of mercury. What is the unknown volume, V, of the first vessel? 4. A child's balloon is filled
at 27°C and has a radius of 12 cm. If the balloon is taken outside on a very hot day when temperature is 50°C, what is the new radius?
5. What is most nearly the resulting pressure when 400 g of air at 103.6 kPa and 93°C is heated at constant volume to 427°C?
6. A gas has a density of 0.094 lb/cu. ft at 100°F and 2 atm. What pressure is needed to change the density to 0.27 lb/cu. ft at 250°F?
7. The valve between a 9 L tank containing gas at 5 atm and a 6 L tank containing gas at 10 atm is opened. What is the
equilibrium pressure obtained in the two tanks at constant temperature? Assume ideal gas behavior.
B- Types of Energy
1. It is estimated that the Philippines consumes annually about 1.75x10 15 kW-hr of electrical energy. How many kg of matter would
have to be destroyed to yield this energy?
2. Steam at 416 Pa and 166K has a specific volume of 0.41 m 3/kg and a specific enthalpy of 29.4 kJ/kg. Find the internal energy per
kilogram of steam.
3. What is most nearly the change in enthalpy per kg of nitrogen gas as its temperature changes from 260°C to 93°C
(cp = 1.04 kJ/kg.K)?
4. Water (specific heat cv = 4.2 kJ/kg.K) is being heated by a 1500 W heater. What is most nearly the temperature rate of change for 1
kg of water?
5. Heat is supplied to 20 lb ice at 0°F at a rate of 160 BTU/sec. How long will it take to convert the ice to steam at 213°F? 6. If the
average energy in a nuclear reaction is 200 MeV/fission, what is the power output of a reactor experiencing 2.34 x 10 19 fissions/s?
C- First law of Thermodynamics
1. What is most nearly the final temperature when 10 g of copper and 20 g of lead at - 100°C are added to 50 g of H 2O at 50°C?
Disregard spurious heat losses. The atomic weight of copper is 63.55 g/mol, and the specific heat of lead is 0.032 cal/g .°C (0.134
J/g.°C).
2. A lead bullet of mass m is fired into a tree trunk and emerges on the other side. The speed of the bullet is 300 m/s as it enters and 80
m/s as it emerges. Assuming that 60% of the loss in kinetic energy is stored as heat in the bullet, calculate the rise in temperature of
the bullet. The sp. heat of the bullet is 0.03kcal/kg-°C.
3. Find the amount of electrical energy expended in raising the temperature of 45 L of water by 75°C. Assume efficiency of heating
equipment be 90%
4. A piston-cylinder device provides 8 kJ of work to an external device. Two kg of air are contained inside the cylinder. If the internal
energy of the air increased by 2kJ/kg during the process, the heat transfer is
5. Shaft work of -15 BTU/lb and heat transfer of -10 BTU/lb change enthalpy of a system by ________.
6. Solar collectors generate 1 kW/m2 of thermal energy using the suns energy. A collector with an area of 1 m 2 heats water. The water
flow rate is 30 L/min. What is most nearly the temperature rise in the water? The specific heat of water is 4200 J/kg .°C.
D- Processes Applicable to Ideal Gases
1. Approximately how much power is required to isothermally compress 23 m3/min of air from 101.5 kPa to 828.5 kPa?
2. In a constant temperature, closed system process, 100 BTU of heat is transferred to the working fluid at 100°F. What is the change
in entropy of the working fluid?
3. A piston-cylinder system contains a gas that expands under a constant pressure of 57 kPa. If the piston is displaced 0.3 m during the
process and the piston diameter is 0.6 m, what is the work done by the gas on the piston?
4. Gas is enclosed in a cylinder with a weighted piston as the top boundary. The gas is heated and expands from a volume of 0.04cu.m
to 0.10 cu.m at a constant pressure of 150 kPa. Calculate the work done by the system.
5. How much heat is required to increase the temperature of 10 lb of air from 90°F to 360°F in a constant volume process if the
average Cp = 0.245 BTU/lb-°R? For air R = 53.3 ft-lb/1b-°R.
6. In an adiabatic, isentropic process p 1 = 4.28 N/cm2, p2 = 6.42 N/cm2, and T1 = 388K. The ratio of specific heats is 1.4. What is most
nearly the value of T2?
7. Air undergoes an isentropic compression from 0.31 N/cm2 to 3.87 N/cm2. If the initial temperature is 20°C and the final temperature
is 327.5°C, what is most nearly the work done by the gas?
8. Work of a polytropic (n = 1.21) compression of air (k = 1.4) in a system of moving boundary from p 1= 15 psia, V1=1.0 cu.ft to p2 =
150 psia and V2 = 0.15 cu.ft is equal to ______.
9. Three pound moles of an ideal gas are throttled per second from 9.2 psia to 6.4 psia. What is the entropy change? R= 1545.33 ft-
lb/lbmole-°R.
E- Second Law of Thermodynamics
1. A Carnot engine operates between 444K and 555K. What is its thermal efficiency?
2. Second law limitations on the max.hp output of a power unit burning 1055 MJ/hr of fuel with high and low temperature extremes of
833°C and 45°C is ______.
3. What is the ideal compression ratio of an Otto cycle that uses air as the gas and has an efficiency of 50%?
4. An engine burns a liter of fuel each 12 min. The fuel has a specific gravity of 0.8 and a heating value of 45 MJ/kg. The engine has
an efficiency of 25%. What is most nearly the brake horsepower of the engine?
5. A 3 hp refrigerator operates between 0°F and 100°F. The maximum theoretical heat that can be transferred from the cold body is
equal to _____ BTU/hr.
6. A household window air conditioner has an energy efficiency rating (EER) of 7.5 kJ/W-hr. What is the coefficient of performance
for this unit?
7. A refrigerator system produces 348.9 kJ/kg of cooling. In order to have a rating of 1 ton of refrigeration, what must be the mass
flow rate of the vapor? (1 ton of refrigeration = 12.66 MJ/hr, approximately the rate required to freeze 2000 lbm of ice in a day.)