GW3 HOMEWORK #9
Section 1 – Grammar
Circle the letter of the correct answer. Be prepared to explain your
answers.
1. As I sat waiting for my flight to take off, I read this statement on the
information card: “In an emergency, all passengers the
directions of the crew.”
A. must follow C. might follow
B. must have followed D. might have followed
2. I overheard a mother tell her son, “If you need to use your cell phone,
you | do it now because you make a call during the
flight.”
A. had better ... cannot C. must ... do not able to
B. had better to ... cannot D. must to ... do not able to
3. A passenger seated next to me told me about a problem on her
previous flight. As the passengers were boarding the plane, an alarm
went off. She thought that one of the passengers may an
emergency door by mistake.
A. open C. have opened
B. have open D. to open
4. About an hour after takeoff, the flight attendant gave each of us a
small sandwich, but I could not eat mine because the cooks had put
spicy mustard on all of them. They really such spicy mustard.
A. should have added C. shouldn’t have added
B. should add D. shouldn’t add
5. One passenger said that his worst flight was aboard a 747 with
Southwest Airlines, but a flight attendant who was standing nearby
corrected him. She said, “Are you sure it was a 747 with Southwest?
Actually, if it was a Southwest jet, it been a 747 because that
airline does not have any jumbo jets.”
A. might not have C. might not had
B. could not have D. could not had
6. The pilot announced, “Ladies and gentlemen, we are very near the Salt
Lake City Airport. We shortly, so please follow the flight
attendants’ instructions at this point.”
A. land C. could land
B. must land D. will land
7. A man next to me remarked, “I hate having to wait for my luggage. I
wish they could just take my luggage directly to my car. That
great!”
A. would be C. would have been
B. should be D. should have been
8. As we were exiting the airplane, an agent told us that we
.
A. should pick up our baggage at C. must to have our baggage claim
carousel 7 tickets in our hands
B. must have waited ten minutes D. were able ask for assistance at
for our baggage the baggage claim area
Section 2 – Vocabulary
# Vocabulary Meaning
sleep-deprived not having had enough sleep, especially for several
(adj) days or more
1. E.G.: She was so sleep deprived and miserable that she thought she
was losing her mind.
Your example: The mother was sleep-deprived, struggling to get enough
rest with her newborn waking up every few hours.
hyperarousal (n) the state of being hyperactive, the feeling similar to
[U] when one faces a stressful situation
E.G.: Hyperarousal is a primary symptom of post-traumatic stress
2.
disorder (PTSD).
Your example: The constant noise in the city kept him in a case of
hyperarousal, making it difficult to relax or sleep.
the condition of being unable to sleep, over a period
insomnia (n) [U]
of time
3. E.G.: Holly suffered from insomnia caused by stress at work.
Your example: His insomnia kept him awake at night,and exhausted
during the day.
quick fix (n) [C] an easy but temporary solution to a problem
4. E.G.: Managers are looking for a quick fix.
Your example: Taking painkillers is just a quick fix for your headache.
sleep drive (n) [U] the likelihood of falling asleep at a given time
E.G.: When we’ve been awake for a long period of time, our sleep drive
5. tells us that it’s time to sleep.
Your example: After a long busy day, my sleep drive was so strong that I fell asleep as soon
as my head hit the pillow.
perpetuate (v) to cause something to continue
E.G.: Increasing the supply of weapons will only perpetuate the violence and anarchy.
6.
Your example: Stereotypes in media can perpetuate harmful biases and misconceptions.
7. concerning level (n)
reaching a level that causes slight worries
[C]
E.G.: The concerning level of cyberbullying has prompted the government to take action.
Your example: The rising temperatures have reached a concerning level, raising alarms
about climate change.
red flag (n) [C] a sign of some particular problem requiring attention
E.G.: If there is no support, this is a red flag.
8.
Your example: Frequent arguments in a relationship can be a red flag that something deeper
is going wrong.
asocial (adj) not interested in forming social groups or connections with others
E.G.: The book depicts an insular, distrustful, asocial society.
9.
Your example: He became increasingly asocial, preferring to spend time alone rather than
with friends or family.
an innate quality or ability is one that you were born with, not
innate (adj)
one you have learned
10. E.G.: Cyril's most impressive quality was his innate goodness.
Your example: She has an innate talent for music, playing the piano beautifully without
formal training.
cognitive (adj) connected with thinking or conscious mental processes
E.G.: Some of her cognitive functions have been impaired.
11.
Your example: The puzzle was designed to improve cognitive skills like memory and
problem-solving.
clinical disorder (n) medical conditions that disrupt a person's thinking, feeling, and
[C] general daily functioning
12.
E.G.: Many people have experienced clinical disorder after being exposed to constant stress
at work.
Your example: Depression is a clinical disorder that can affect a person’s ability to function
in everyday life.
compulsive (adj) doing something a lot and unable to stop doing it
E.G.: They advised putting her on medication for obsessive compulsive disorder.
13.
Your example: His compulsive need to check his phone every few minutes was starting to
interfere with his work.
14. psychiatric (adj) of or relating to the study of mental illness
E.G.: He worked as a nurse in a psychiatric hospital.
Your example: She specializes in psychiatric care, helping patients with various mental
health conditions.
be prone to
likely to show a particular characteristic, usually a negative one,
something/do
or to be affected by something bad, such as damage or an illness
something (adj)
15.
E.G.: He was prone to depression even as a teenager.
Your example: People who are stressed may be prone to developing health issues like high
blood pressure.
all the chemical processes in your body, especially those that
metabolism (n) [C]
cause food to be used for energy and growth
16. E.G.: Exercise is supposed to speed up your metabolism.
Your example: A fast metabolism helps some people burn calories more quickly than
others.
circadian rhythm/ a natural, internal process that regulates the sleep–wake cycle and
circadian cycle (n) [C] repeats roughly every 24 hours
17.
E.G.: In people, circadian rhythms coordinate mental and physical systems
throughout the body
Your example: Disrupting your circadian rhythm by staying up late can make it harder to
fall asleep the next night.
If two things are in/out of sync, they reach the same or related
in/out of sync (phrase)
stage at the same time/at different times
E.G.: She found that the job was out of sync (= not a good match) with her principles, and
18.
she had to leave.
Your example: The team's schedule was out of sync with the project's deadlines, causing
delays in their work.
the quantities, proportions, variety, or combination of different
dietary pattern (n) [C] foods, drinks, and nutrients in diets, and the frequency with
which they are habitually consumed
19.
E.G.: The study looked at the dietary patterns of 263,925 people, including their
consumption of a range of drinks.
Your example: The nutritionist recommended changing his dietary pattern to include more
fruits and vegetables for better health.
a medical condition that affects especially old people, causing the
dementia (n) [U] memory and other mental abilities to gradually become worse,
and leading to confused behaviour
20.
E.G.: The most common form of dementia is Alzheimer's disease.
Your example: Her grandma, who has been battling dementia, struggles to remember recent
events but still lights up when she sees old family photos.
Section 3 – Writing
Prepare an outline and write an essay to answer the following
question:
Why do people have a lack of sleep nowadays? What can they do to
improve the length and the quality of their sleep?
In today’s fast-paced world, many people struggle with getting enough sleep. This
issue is often caused by busy lifestyles, technology use, and stress. To address this issue,
it is important to understand the reasons behind the lack of sleep and explore strategies to
enhance both the length and quality of sleep.
One major reason for inadequate sleep is the demanding nature of modern life. People
often work long hours and have numerous responsibilities, which can lead to late nights
and early mornings. This constant hustle leaves little time for rest, resulting in reduced
sleep duration. Additionally, the widespread use of electronic devices, such as
smartphones and computers, contributes to sleep problems. The blue light from screens
interferes with the body’s natural sleep cycle by disrupting melatonin production, making
it harder to fall asleep at night.
Stress and anxiety also play a significant role in sleep disturbances. High levels of stress
from work, personal issues, or other concerns can make it difficult to relax and fall
asleep. Stress activates the body’s “fight or flight” response, which can keep the mind
alert and hinder restful sleep. As a result, people may experience trouble falling asleep or
waking up frequently during the night, affecting overall sleep quality.
To improve sleep, individuals can adopt several strategies. Establishing a consistent sleep
schedule by Going to bed and waking up at the same time every day helps regulate the
body’s internal clock, making it easier to fall asleep and wake up refreshed.
Creating a calming bedtime routine, such as reading or taking a warm bath, can
signal the body that it’s time to wind down. Additionally, reducing screen time
before bed and managing stress through relaxation techniques like meditation or
exercises can enhance both the length and quality of sleep.
In conclusion, the lack of sleep in modern times is largely due to busy schedules,
technology use, and stress. By implementing consistent sleep habits, minimizing screen
exposure, and managing stress effectively, people can improve their sleep and overall
well-being.
Section 4 – Activities in the Great Writing 3 Book:
Unit 4 - Activity 1 – 5
Items Y/ N/ Other comments
Introduction
Does the introduction include background
information to set the topic into a broader
context?
Is there a thesis statement that answers
the essay question?
Body
Is there a topic sentence in each
paragraph that is related to the main idea
stated in the introduction?
Are the paragraphs fully developed?
Are there any unrelated sentences?
Conclusion
Does the conclusion restate the thesis
and sum up the main points?
Overall
Are there choppy or stringy sentences?
Are there many grammar, spelling, and
punctuation mistakes?
Are sentence structures and length
varied?
Is the vocabulary used appropriate and
varied?
Are links between sentences and
paragraphs smooth and clear?
GW3 HOMEWORK #9
Section 1 – Grammar
Circle the letter of the correct answer. Be prepared to explain your
answers.
1. As I sat waiting for my flight to take off, I read this statement on the
information card: “In an emergency, all passengers the
directions of the crew.”
A. must follow C. might follow
B. must have followed D. might have followed
2. I overheard a mother tell her son, “If you need to use your cell phone,
you | do it now because you make a call during the
flight.”
A. had better ... cannot C. must ... do not able to
B. had better to ... cannot D. must to ... do not able to
3. A passenger seated next to me told me about a problem on her
previous flight. As the passengers were boarding the plane, an alarm
went off. She thought that one of the passengers may an
emergency door by mistake.
A. open C. have opened
B. have open D. to open
4. About an hour after takeoff, the flight attendant gave each of us a
small sandwich, but I could not eat mine because the cooks had put
spicy mustard on all of them. They really such spicy mustard.
A. should have added C. shouldn’t have added
B. should add D. shouldn’t add
5. One passenger said that his worst flight was aboard a 747 with
Southwest Airlines, but a flight attendant who was standing nearby
corrected him. She said, “Are you sure it was a 747 with Southwest?
Actually, if it was a Southwest jet, it been a 747 because that
airline does not have any jumbo jets.”
A. might not have C. might not had
B. could not have D. could not had
6. The pilot announced, “Ladies and gentlemen, we are very near the Salt
Lake City Airport. We shortly, so please follow the flight
attendants’ instructions at this point.”
A. land C. could land
B. must land D. will land
7. A man next to me remarked, “I hate having to wait for my luggage. I
wish they could just take my luggage directly to my car. That
great!”
A. would be C. would have been
B. should be D. should have been
8. As we were exiting the airplane, an agent told us that we
.
A. should pick up our baggage at C. must to have our baggage claim
carousel 7 tickets in our hands
B. must have waited ten minutes D. were able ask for assistance at
for our baggage the baggage claim area
Section 2 – Vocabulary
# Vocabulary Meaning
sleep-deprived not having had enough sleep, especially for several
(adj) days or more
E.G.: She was so sleep deprived and miserable that she thought she
1.
was losing her mind.
Your example: The mother was sleep-deprived and , struggling to get
enough rest with her newborn waking up every few hours.
hyperarousal (n) the state of being hyperactive, the feeling similar to
[U] when one faces a stressful situation
E.G.: Hyperarousal is a primary symptom of post-traumatic stress
2.
disorder (PTSD).
Your example: The constant noise in the city kept him in a state of
a case
of hyperarousal, making it difficult to relax or sleep.
the condition of being unable to sleep, over a period
insomnia (n) [U]
of time
3. E.G.: Holly suffered from insomnia caused by stress at work.
Your example: His insomnia kept him awake at night, and exhausted
during the day.
quick fix (n) [C] an easy but temporary solution to a problem
E.G.: Managers are looking for a quick fix.
4.
Your example: Taking painkillers is only just a quick fix for your
headache.
sleep drive (n) [U] the likelihood of falling asleep at a given time
E.G.: When we’ve been awake for a long period of time, our sleep drive
5. tells us that it’s time to sleep.
Your example: After a long busy day, my sleep drive was so strong that I fell asleep as soon
as my head hit the pillow.
perpetuate (v) to cause something to continue
E.G.: Increasing the supply of weapons will only perpetuate the violence and anarchy.
6.
Your example: Stereotypes in media can perpetuate harmful biases and misconceptions.
concerning level (n)
reaching a level that causes slight worries
[C]
7. E.G.: The concerning level of cyberbullying has prompted the government to take action.
Your example: The rising temperatures have reached a concerning level, raising alarms
about climate change.
red flag (n) [C] a sign of some particular problem requiring attention
E.G.: If there is no support, this is a red flag.
8.
Your example: Frequent arguments in a relationship can be a red flag that something deeper
is going wrong.
9. asocial (adj) not interested in forming social groups or connections with others
E.G.: The book depicts an insular, distrustful, asocial society.
Your example: He became increasingly asocial, preferring to spend time alone rather than
with friends or family.
an innate quality or ability is one that you were born with, not
innate (adj)
one you have learned
10. E.G.: Cyril's most impressive quality was his innate goodness.
Your example: She has an innate talent for music, playing the piano beautifully without
formal training.
cognitive (adj) connected with thinking or conscious mental processes
E.G.: Some of her cognitive functions have been impaired.
11.
Your example: The puzzle was designed to improve cognitive skills like memory and
problem-solving.
clinical disorder (n) medical conditions that disrupt a person's thinking, feeling, and
[C] general daily functioning
12.
E.G.: Many people have experienced clinical disorder after being exposed to constant stress
at work.
Your example: Depression is a clinical disorder that can affect a person’s ability to function
in everyday life.
compulsive (adj) doing something a lot and unable to stop doing it
E.G.: They advised putting her on medication for obsessive compulsive disorder.
13.
Your example: His compulsive need to check his phone every few minutes was starting to
interfere with his work.
psychiatric (adj) of or relating to the study of mental illness
E.G.: He worked as a nurse in a psychiatric hospital.
14.
Your example: She specializes in psychiatric care, helping patients with various mental
health conditions.
15. be prone to likely to show a particular characteristic, usually a negative one,
something/do or to be affected by something bad, such as damage or an illness
something (adj)
E.G.: He was prone to depression even as a teenager.
Your example: People who are stressed may be prone to developing health issues like high
blood pressure.
all the chemical processes in your body, especially those that
metabolism (n) [C]
cause food to be used for energy and growth
16. E.G.: Exercise is supposed to speed up your metabolism.
Your example: A fast metabolism helps some people burn calories more quickly than
others.
circadian rhythm/ a natural, internal process that regulates the sleep–wake cycle and
circadian cycle (n) [C] repeats roughly every 24 hours
17.
E.G.: In people, circadian rhythms coordinate mental and physical systems
throughout the body
Your example: Disrupting your circadian rhythm by staying up late can make it harder to
fall asleep the next night.
If two things are in/out of sync, they reach the same or related
in/out of sync (phrase)
stage at the same time/at different times
E.G.: She found that the job was out of sync (= not a good match) with her principles, and
18.
she had to leave.
Your example: The team's schedule was out of sync with the project's deadlines, causing
delays in their work.
the quantities, proportions, variety, or combination of different
dietary pattern (n) [C] foods, drinks, and nutrients in diets, and the frequency with
which they are habitually consumed
19. E.G.: The study looked at the dietary patterns of 263,925 people, including their
consumption of a range of drinks.
Your example: The nutritionist recommended changing his dietary pattern to include more
fruits and vegetables for better health.
20. a medical condition that affects especially old people, causing the
dementia (n) [U] memory and other mental abilities to gradually become worse,
and leading to confused behaviour
E.G.: The most common form of dementia is Alzheimer's disease.
Your example: Her grandma, who has been battling dementia, struggles to remember recent
events but still lights up when she sees old family photos.
Section 3 – Writing
Prepare an outline and write an essay to answer the following
question:
Why do people have a lack of sleep nowadays? What can they do to
improve the length and the quality of their sleep?
Very well-organized essay:
Use more transitioning words and phrases in your body paragraphs when moving from one supporting
In today’s fast-paced world, many people struggle with getting enough sleep. This
issue is often caused by busy lifestyles, the overuse of technology use, and stress. To
address this issue, it is important to understand the reasons behind sleep deprivation
the lack of sleep
and explore strategies to enhance both the length and quality of sleep.
One major reason for inadequate sleep is the demanding nature of modern life.
For example, people
People often work long hours and have numerous responsibilities, which
can lead to late nights and early mornings. This constant hustle leaves little time for rest,
resulting in reduced sleep duration. Additionally, the widespread use of electronic
devices, such as smartphones and computers, contributes to sleep problems.
For example, the
The blue light from screens interferes with the body’s natural sleep cycle by
disrupting melatonin production, making it harder to fall asleep at night.
However, we can confront these issues by making an effort to control and avoid u
Stress and anxiety also play a significant role in sleep disturbances.
For example, high
High levels of stress from work, personal issues, or other concerns can make it
difficult to relax and fall asleep. Stress activates the body’s “fight or flight” response,
which can keep the mind alert and hinder restful sleep. ThereforeAs a result, people may
have problems experience trouble falling asleep , or waking up frequently during the
night, affecting overall sleep quality.
To improve sleep quality, individuals can adopt several strategies.
First, establishing
Establishing a consistent sleep schedule by going Going to bed and
waking up at the same time every day helps regulate the body’s internal clock,
making it easier to fall asleep and wake up refreshed. In addition, creating Creating a
calming bedtime routine, such as reading or taking a warm bath, can signal the body that
it’s time to wind down. FinallyAdditionally, reducing screen time before bed and
managing stress through relaxation techniques like meditation or exercises can enhance
both the length and quality of sleep.
In conclusion, the lack of sleep in modern times is largely due to busy schedules,
the overuse of technology
technology use, and stress. Therefore, by By implementing
consistent sleep habits, minimizing screen exposure, and managing stress effectively,
people can improve their sleep and overall well-being.
Section 4 – Activities in the Great Writing 3 Book:
Unit 4 - Activity 1 – 5
Items Y/ N/ Other comments
Introduction
Does the introduction include background Y
information to set the topic into a broader
context?
Is there a thesis statement that answers Y
the essay question?
Body
Is there a topic sentence in each Y
paragraph that is related to the main idea
stated in the introduction?
Are the paragraphs fully developed? Y
Are there any unrelated sentences? N
Conclusion
Does the conclusion restate the thesis Y
and sum up the main points?
Overall
Are there choppy or stringy sentences? N
Are there many grammar, spelling, and Very few
punctuation mistakes?
Are sentence structures and length Most of them are
varied?
Is the vocabulary used appropriate and Y
varied?
Are links between sentences and Y
paragraphs smooth and clear?
Try to use more transitioning words and phrases in your body paragraphs when moving from one supporting poi
