Q1

Flow is being measured by a Parshall flume with the following

dimensions:
A = 2440 mm, B =? Mm, C =? Mm, D =? And throat width (W) = 1800
mm. The flume is constructed to carry a 200 m3/min of wastewater.
1- Calculate the water depth in the converging section.
2- Find the values of B, C, and D. Using Table 4.2 in lecture.
3- What is the total length of the flume?

( 304.8 )
0.026

( )
W
−2 Ha 1.522
Q=2.23 x 10 W
304.8
0.026

( )
1.522 (1800/ 304.8)
−2 Ha
200=2.23 x 10 (1800)
304.8
H a =768 mm

1- From Table 4.2: B= 2390mm, C=2400mm, D=2400mm

2- From figure, the total length of the flume is:

2390mm + 600mm + 900mm = 3890 mm
Q2:
For the following design requirement:
Provide five identical bar racks with ϴ = 80o Bar spacing (clear opening) = 22
mm.
Bar width = 9 mm. Bar depth = 60 mm.
3/
Average design flow = 2.9 m s. Use sharp-edged rectangular bars.
Depth of flow in the conduit (upstream of the Velocity through the rack at Peak
rack) at peak design flow, d = 1.24 m. design wet weather flow = 0.85 m/s.
Peak factor = 2.5.

Determine the following:

1. Design a coarse bar rack screen.
2. The length of rack.
3. The velocity through the rack when the rack is 50 % clogging.
4. Draw details schematic section and front view of the rack.

Peak design flow = 2.9 m3/s × 2.5 = 7.25 m3/s

a) The clear area through the opening at the rack.
Peak design flow(Q) 3
7.25 m /s
A = velocity through rack (V ) = = 1.71 m2
5× 0.85 m/s

b) The clear width of the opening at the rack

Area( A) 1.71m
2
w= depth of flow( d) = 1.24 m
= 1.379 m

c) Provide 63 clear spacing at 22 mm as follow:

Total clear opening in the rack chamber = 63 × 22 mm × 1 m/1000 mm = 1.386 m

clear widthof the opening 1.38 m
Number of spacing (n) = ¯
spacing
= 0 .02 2 m
= 63

d) Total number of bars = 63 – 1 = 62

e) Provide bars with a 9 mm width.

f) Width of chamber = 1.379 + 9 mm × 62 × 10-3 = 1.937 m

g) Calculate the efficiency coefficient (EC).

clear widthof the opening 1.379
EC = width of chamber
= 1.937 = 0.7119
 h) The approach velocity of the flow upstream of the rack (v).
Peak design flow (Q) 3
7.25/5 m /s
(v) = = = 0.6 m/s
Area( A) 1.937 m×1.24 m

i) Compute head loss through rack:

( ) ( )
2 2
V 2 −v 2 1 (0.85 m/ s) −(0.6 m/s) 1
h L= =hL = = 0.026 m
2 g 0.7 2(9.81 m/m2 ) 0.7

Where; W is the maximum width of bars (10 mm). B: Bar spacing (clear opening) = 22
mm.

( ) ( )
4 2 4 2
W v 62 ×9 0.6
h L =β 3
sinϴ=2.42 3
sin 75=0.013 m
B 2g 63 ×22 2(9.81)
Hence: head loss through bar rack is 0.026 m
Depth of flow downstream of the rack is = 1.24 m – 0.026 m = 1.214 m.
Length of the rack = 1.24 /sin80 = 1.26 m, 1.26 + 0.5 = 1.76 ≈ 1.8 - 2.0 m with free
board.

When the rack is 50 percent clogging the velocity through the rack is doubled.
Thus, the head loss will be:

( ) ( )
2 2
V 2 −v 2 1 (2 ×0.85 m/ s) −(0.6 m/s) 1
h L= =hL = = 0.184 m
2 g 0.7 2(9.81 m/m2 ) 0.7
The depth of flow upstream of the rack at 50 % clogging is 0.184 m + 1.214 m = 1.398 m
Add 0.5 m free board, the total depth is 1.398 m + 0.5 m = 1.898 m ≈ 2.0 m
 Q3:
Determine the required pressure and number of flotation tanks without and with
pressurized recycle to treat wastewater when the following conditions are applying.
1. Optimum A/S ratio = 0.009 mL/mg
2. Temperature = 15°C
3. Air solubility (sa) = 18.7 mL/L
4. Influent suspended solids (Sa) = 1500 mg/L
5. Recycle system pressure (p) = 275 kPa
6. Fraction of saturation (f) = 0.5
7. Surface loading rate = 12 L/m2.min
8. Minimum required surface area of tank is 60 m2.
9. Flow rate (Q) = 4000 m3/d.

Solution:

 (Without Recycling)
1-Compute the required pressure
A 1.3 s a (fP−1)
=
S Sa

;
0.009
mL
=
(
1.3 18.7
mL
L )
( 0.5 P−1 )

mg
( 1500
mg
L )
0 . 5 P=0.555+1

= 213.85 kPa
p+101 .35
P=3.11 atm=
101 . 35

Q=V×A
2-Determine the required surface area:

3 3 3
(4000 m /d)( 10 L/m )
A= 2
=231.5 m2
(12 L /m . min)(1440 min /d)

No. of tanks = = 3.85 ≈ 4

231.5
60

3-Check the solids loading rate:

 2 Q× Sa
Solid loading rate(kg/m .d )=
A

( ) (1500 mgL )( 10 mL ) 4 =103.67 kg /m . d

3
m 3
4000 3
2
d 2
kg /m . d=
(
( 231.5 m2 ) 106 mg
kg )
103.67 < 231.5
Thus, OK
 (With Recycling)

1-Determine pressure in the atmosphere:

=3.73 atm.
275+101.35
P=
101.35

2-Determine the required recycle rate:

A 1.3 s a (f P−1)R
=
S Sa Q

0.009
mL
=
(
1.3 18.7
mL
L )
( 0.5(3.73)−1 ) R

)( )
mg
(
3
mg m
1500 4000
L d
3
m
R=2567.98
d
3-Determine the required surface area:
3 3 3
(2567.98 m /d)(10 L/m )
A= 2
=148.6 m2
(12 L /m . min)(1440 min /d)

No. of tanks = = 2.476 ≈ 3

148.6
60