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Lesson 2 Stats Prob

The document covers random variables and probability distributions, explaining the concepts of discrete and continuous random variables, sample spaces, and types of probabilities. It also details how to construct probability distribution tables, calculate mean, variance, and standard deviation, and provides examples of probability distributions. The lesson objectives include illustrating random samples and classifying them, as well as finding possible values of random samples.

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bunagaylebrun
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14 views

Lesson 2 Stats Prob

The document covers random variables and probability distributions, explaining the concepts of discrete and continuous random variables, sample spaces, and types of probabilities. It also details how to construct probability distribution tables, calculate mean, variance, and standard deviation, and provides examples of probability distributions. The lesson objectives include illustrating random samples and classifying them, as well as finding possible values of random samples.

Uploaded by

bunagaylebrun
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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RANDOM

VARIABLES &
PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTIONS
LESSON OBJECTIVES:
• illustrate a random sample,
• classify a random sample as discrete or
continuous;
• find the possible values of a random
samples.
RANDOM VARIABLES – BASIC CONCEPTS
➢ a function that associates a real number to
each element in a sample space.

➢ is said to be discrete if its set of possible


outcomes is countable.

➢ is said to be continuous if it takes on


values from within the interval or disjoint
union of intervals.
Sample space (S) is the set of all possible outcomes of a
random experiment.
1. Rolling a die
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
2. Flipping a coin
S={ H,T)}

Flipping 3 coins
S = { HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH, TTT}
3. Marble with green (G), white (W), and red (R)
S={G,W,R}
2 marbles with green (G), white (W), and red (R)
S={(G,G),(G,W),(G,R),(W,G),(W,W),(W,R),(R,G),(R,W),(R,R)}
INTRODUCTION
▪ Probability is simply how likely something
is to happen.
▪ The prediction of a certain outcome when
something occurs.
▪ The analysis of events governed by
probability is called statistics.
TYPES OF PROBABILITIES
THEORETICAL PROBABILITY
- based on predictable parameters
EMPERICAL PROBABILITY
- based on historical and geological records
SUBJECTIVE PROBABILITY
- based on experience or intuition.
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
- a mathematical function that describes
the probability of different possible values
of a variable.
- often depicted using graphs(Histogram)
or probability tables.
- is a statistical function that describes all
the possible values that random variable
can take within a given range.
Probability Distribution Table
• shows the possible values of a random
variable x along with their
corresponding probabilities.
• each probability is between or equal to 0
and 1.
• 0 ≤ P(x) ≤ 1
• the sum of the probabilities is equal to 1.
• Ʃ P(x) = 1
DETERMINE WHETHER THE DISTRIBUTION REPRESENTS A
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

x 1 5 8 7 9
1. 1 1 1 1 1
P(x) 3 3 3 3 3

2. x 0 2 4 6 8
1 1 1 1 1
P(x) 6 6 3 6 6

x 1 3 5 7
3.
P(x) 𝟎. 𝟑𝟓 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓 𝟎. 𝟐𝟐 𝟎. 𝟏𝟐
Construct a probability distribution and draw a histogram
1. Rolling a die S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
x(outcome) Pr(x)
1 1/6
2 1/6
3 1/6
4 1/6
5 1/6
6 1/6
Ʃ P(x) = 1

• What is the probability of rolling an even number?


•What is Pr (x) > 4?
• What is the sum of all probabilities?
2. Tossing 3 coins
S = { HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH, TTT}
Possible Variable Y(number of tails)
Outcomes
TTT 3 Number of Tails Y Variable Y(number of tails)
TTH 2 0 1/8
THT 2
1 3/8
HTT 2
2 3/8
HHT 1
3 1/8
HTH 1
THH 1
HHH 0

Number of Tails Y 0 1 2 3
Probability P(Y) 1/8 3/8 3/8 1/8
3. The probabilities that costumer of a food chain will order 0,1,2 pieces
of chicken are 0.30, 0.45 and 0.25 respectively.

Strand No. of students


4. ABM 525
STEM 800
HUMSS 455
GAS 200
ICT 129
ADT 79
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
Mean
– the average of the most common
value in a collection of numbers.
Variance
– refers to a statistical measurement of
the spread between numbers in a data set.
– measures how far each number in the
set is from the mean.
Standard Deviation
– measures the dispersion of a data set
relative to the mean.
– calculated as the square root of the
variance.
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
FORMULA
EXAMPLE
1. Construct a table of probability distribution and histogram
2. Compute for the mean, variance and
standard deviation.
ANSWERS:
1. Construct a table showing the probability distribution for the
score on the spinner.

Score Pr(x)
1 2/8 0.25
2 1/8 0.125
3 5/8 0.625

Pr(x) = 8/8 Pr(x) = 1


2. Compute for the mean, variance and standard deviation.
Formula :
Mean: 𝜇 = σ 𝒙 · 𝐏𝐫 𝒙
= σ 1 · 0.25 + 2 · 0.13 + 3 · 0.625
= (0.25 + 0.25) + 1.875)
= 2.375 = 2.4 𝜇
Variance: 𝝈2 = σ 𝒙𝟐 · 𝐏𝐫 𝒙 − (𝝁)𝟐
𝝈2 = 12 0.25 + 22 0.125 + 32 0.625 − (2.4)2
= 6.375 – 5.76 = 0.62

Standard Deviation : 𝝈 = 𝝈𝟐
= 0.62
= 0.79
BE READY FOR A LONG TEST
NEXT MEETING
Topics:
• Introduction of Statistics
• Probability Distribution

THANK YOU

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