Design and Simulation of a Wireless Charging

System for Electric Vehicles

Saikot Barol, Md. Shahidul Islam and Shawon Barol
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Rajshahi University of Engineering &Technology
Email: [email protected], [email protected] and [email protected]

Abstract- In order to reduce pressure on fossil fuel and connected to the coil, Le. "P" means parallel connection of
reduce environmental pollution, the use of electric vehicles (EV) compensation capacitor with the coil and "s" means series
is rapidly increasing, instead of combustion engine vehicles. The connection of the compensation capacitor with the col. In this
through i o h n n ethod Th npaper, the3Beretserie) compersaon topology i3 used to
develop system for
implementation of EV is arrangement of charging infrastructure.
The wireless charging system (WCS) is afavorite option in the IL SYSTEM MODELING
Y maret
eloped via inductivey coupled Dower transfer From Fig 1, it is observed that the WCs has two mai
technology A simulation system is made in ne sections, e.g. transmitter /primary coil and receiver/secondary
MATLAB/SIMULINK, and the performance of the system is
verified by the simulation results. coil. The transmitter has rectifier section and inverter section
but the receiver has only rectifier section. The transmitter is
Keywords-Electric vethicle (EV); inductive coupling, wireless
charging systen (WCS):
should be small in size as well as light in weight for
I INTRODUCTION convenience. For maximum power transfer from primary to
With the increase of population the use of combustiocecondary the system must be operated in resonance

engines (mainly in vehicles) is increasing rapidiy. As a resulndtinns el ax compensate the losen in the pimany and
the use of fossil fuel is also increasing day by doy. wncecondary coil.
increasing environmental pollutions and global warming An From the theory of magnetic coupling between two coils
effective solution of this problem is the use of electric vehiclehe resonance frequency can be expressed at
(EV). The charging of these EV can be made convenient by
hared wireless charnnn yntem wcs for EV is more (1)
convenient, flexible, reliable and safer than conductive VLe, vLC,
charging and provides operator free charging facility. For thshere L-L, is the self-inductance of transmitting and
implementation of the charging system two colls are heedeceiving coil. GeC is the series compensation capacitance
coil/transmitter coil) and another is installed inside the E9 transmitting and receiving coil.
(secondary coil/receiver coil). The EV side coil should be
small in size and light in weight in order to reduce additional
load on the EV.

Another important aspect for designing an inductive basesrid

Wess the compensaton technique as t increases the Poweto
switching of power electronics equipments. There are four
main compensation techniques and they are: Ss (series-series).
SP (Geries-paraliel). PS (prallelseries) and PP (paraliel
how the capacitor (compensation/resonant capacitor) Fig Svstern configuration

978-1-5386-3341-0/17/$31.00 ©2017 IEEE

 2nd Intemational Canference on Electrical &Electronic Engineering (1CEEE), 19-21 December 2017, RUET, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

The coetticient of magnetic coupling between two coils

can be expressed as
M (2
JLL

Coupi
and distance between two coils can be expressed as Fig 2. Matiab simulation of the systerm
1
k 3)
h+2D
VRR,
where D is the physical distance between transmitting and
receiving coil, R and Ais the radius of transmitting coil and
recelving coil respectively.
The system parameters are shown in Table I. From (1) and
Table , the resonance frequency is calculated around 120 Hz
Agam a g (<) nd Tabie, kis calculated 05. HetcoHd Fg 3 AC/DC Rectifier subsysten.
U.5, S0
distance Dis caiculated around 25 cm using (3),
TABLEL SYSTEM pARAMETER
Parameters Desian Value
Iriput Votage 230

001 mH
Fig 4 DC/AC inverter subsystern

he
everal subsvtems The orid nnwer is firat rectified and then
inverted, before applying it to the primary coil. The output is
obtained from the secondary coil after rectifying this again. A
IL SIMULATION AND RESULTS
resistance is connected across the secondary rectitier. The
subsystems used in Fig. 2 are
The above system shown in Fig 1 with the abowe from Fig. 3 to Fig. 5.

mentioned parameters shown in Table I, was simulated in In Fig 3, the AC/DC Rectifier subsystem is shown. It is a
MATLAB/Simulink, which_is shown in Fig 2 The full bridge rectifier. There are two rectifiers used in Fig. 1and
subsystems are shown in Fig. 3 to Fig. 5.At first, the outpusothare same, so they are not shown separately. The primary
(voltage. curent and power) s observe wthou the buckectifier is connected to the grid and converts the grid power
Fig. 6. Then 100 Q resistors are connected across the CseCondary rectifierrectifies the secondary coil voltage and
capacitor and the output is again observed Finally, both thsupplies loads
buck converter and 100 Q resistors are connectea across e in Ein 4 the DC/AC Inverter subsystem is shown. It is a
The output results are shown in Fig. 6toFig. 12Thebuckull bridge inverter and formed with IGBT. The rectified grid
converter helps to control the output of the systern and Rpwer is fed to the inverter and then the inverted signal is
varying the duty cycie of the buck converter the output can bãpplied opera
across the primary coil. Two gate pulses are needed
invert
varied.
 2nd Intemational Conference on Electrical &Electronic Engineering (1CEEE), 19-21 December 2017, RUET, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Fia 5. Dc/DC Buck Converter subsystem Fia Qutput curent (without buck coverter but with 100 0 load)

Fia Output voltage across capacitor@ithout buck converter and koad) Fig 9. Output power (without buck comverter but with 100 Dload)
obtain fully smooth output waveforms, some control
mechanism should be spplied. To implerment this objective a
signal according to the duty cycle, which provides easy
control over the output waveforms
ig he
nverter and 100 ohm resistor It is chserved that the outout
cons

voltage is fully smooth. In Fig. 11 and Fig. 12 the output

current and power with both the buck converter and 100 ohm
Fig 7. Output voltage (without buck converter but with100 0 load). resistor is shown. As both the voltage and current of the WCS
smoothed. Though the buck converter
In Fig. 5, the DC/DC Buck Converter subsystem is shown the output waveforms, it also causes a loss of
improves the guality of
energy.have
For less
this
control the outout of the nvstem ony by warving the duason the output waveforms with buck converter
cycle of it In Fig. 5, a MOSFET is used as switch and t h e e
required duty cycle for the M0SFET is obtained from a PWM and weaht of the WCs. As the buck converter has to be used
enerator. Here the duty cycle input to the PWM generator ignside the EV, it will increase additional load on the EV.
ent
Moreover the use of buck converter requires gate pulse, which
c2wthoutbuck cooverter and any oad This ouput is showBulse. In Fig. 5 a PWM generator is used to supply the
for known the actual output of the Wcs. After connectingequired gate pulse to the MOSFET of the buck converter.
buck converter and load, notable change occurs of the output
signal. From Fig. 6, it is observed that the out voltage is more
than 200V dc, where the applied input is 230 V ac.
In ig. , he odtpur votage s ooseved dctoss
Fig. 7, it is observed that the output voltage is reduced whep
resistor is connected. Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 show the output currert
and output power without buck converter but with 100 ohm

also reduced. From the output waveforms from Fig. 7to Fig
9, it is observed that the waveforms are not fully smooth. To Fig 10.Output valtage (nth buck converter and 100 0 load)
 2nd Intemational Conference on Electrical &Electronic Engineering (ICEEE), 19-21 December 2017, RUET, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
V. CONCLUSION
In this paper, a WCS using inductive coupling has been
designed and simulated in MATLAB/Sirnulink environment.
The total simulation procedure for a WCS is described and the
response (output) of the system is obtained both in loaded
(without any buck converter and load. directly across the
capacitor Here the SS compensation topology is used. The
output waveforns are observed with and without buck
converter ana loa, It is observed that when theoutput airecty
Fig 11. Output curent (aith buck converter and 100 0 load)
than the output in loaded condtion. It is observed that by
using the buck converter, the output waveforms become
smoother, which is very essential for battery charging This
charning system which in discunsed in above sectinns Euture
research is necessary to reduce the cost and power loss of the
system.
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