COMPUTERIZED ACCOUNTING

AND
E-FILING OF TAX RETURN

Name: Ekta Verma

Semester: 6th B.COM. (Hons)
Year: 2022
Section: B
University Roll No: 191434-11-0043
Registration No: 434-1211-0215-19
College: Shree Agrasain College
 Content

PAGE
3-37
Unit- 1:
Computerized Accounting Package

38-44
Unit- 2:
Designing Computerized
Accounting System
45-60
Unit-3:
E-filing of Tax Return
 UNIT- 1
Computerized Accounting
Package (Tally ERP9)
Accounting is a process of identifying, recording, summarizing and reporting
economic information to decision makers in the form of financial statements.
Financial statements will be useful to the following parties:
‡ Suppliers
‡ Customers
‡ Employees
‡ Banks
‡ Suppliers of equipment, buildings and other assets
‡ Lenders
‡ Owners

There are basically three types of Accounts maintained for transactions:

‡ Real Accounts
‡ Personal Accounts
‡ Nominal Accounts Real

Accounts

Real Accounts are Accounts relating to properties and assets, which are
owned by the business concern. Real accounts include tangible and
intangible accounts. For example,
‡ Land
‡ Building
‡ Goodwill
‡ Purchases
‡ Cash
Personal Accounts
Personal Accounts are Accounts which relate to persons. Personal Accounts
include the following.
‡ Suppliers
‡ Customers
‡ Lenders
Nominal accounts
Nominal Accounts are Accounts which relate to incomes and expenses and
gains and losses of a business concern. For example,
‡ Salary Account
‡ Dividend Account
‡ Sales
Accounts can be broadly classified under the following four groups.
‡ Assets
‡ Liabilities
‡ Income
‡ Expenses
Golden Rules of Accounting

Mode of Accounting
Accounting process begins with identifying and recording the transactions in the
books of accounts i.e., the first step in the Accounting Process is recording of
transactions in the books of accounts. Accounting identifies only those transactions
and events which involves money and is sorted based on various source documents.
The following are the most common source documents.
‡ Cash Memo
‡ Invoice or Bill
‡ Vouchers
‡ Receipt
‡ Debit Note
‡ Credit Note

Voucher: A voucher is a document in support of a business transaction,

containing the details of such transaction.

Receipt: When a trader receives cash from a customer against goods sold by
him, issues a receipt containing the name of such customer, details of amount
received with date.
Invoice or Bill: When a trader sells goods to a buyer, he prepares a sales invoice
containing the details of name and address of buyer, name of goods, amount and
terms of payments and so on. Similarly, when the trade purchases goods on credit
receives a Invoice/bill from the supplier of such goods.

Journals and Ledgers: A journal is a record in which all business transactions are
entered in a chronological order. A record of a single business transaction is
called a journal entry. Every journal entry is supported by a voucher, evidencing
the related transaction.

Account: An account is a statement of transactions affecting any particular

asset, liability, expense or income.
Ledger: A Ledger is a book which contains all the accounts whether
personal, real or nominal, which are entered in journal or subsidiary books.

Chart of Accounts: A chart of accounts is a list of all accounts used by an

organization. The chart of accounts also displays the categorization and
grouping of its accounts.
Posting: Posting is the process of transferring the entries recorded in the
journal or subsidiary books to the respective accounts opened in the ledger
i.e., grouping of all the transactions relating to a particular account to a
single place.
Accounting Period: Generally, the financial statements are generated for a
regular period such as a quarter or a year, for timely and accurate
ascertainment of operating and financial position of the organization.

Trial Balance: Trial balance is a statement which shows debit balances and
credit balances of all Ledger accounts. As per the rules of double entry
system, every debit should have a corresponding credit, the total of the debit
balances and credit balances should agree. A detailed trial balance has
columns for
‡ Account name
‡ Debit balance
‡ Credit balance

Financial statements are final result of accounting work done during the
accounting period. Financial statement serves a significant purpose to users
of accounting information in knowing about the profitability and financial
position of the organization. Financial statements normally include
‡ Trading
‡ Profit and Loss Account
‡ Balance Sheet

Trading Account
Trading refers to buying and selling of goods. The trading account displays
the transactions pertaining to buying and selling of goods. The difference
between the two sides of the Trading Account indicates either Gross Profit or
Gross Loss. If the credit side total is in excess of the debit side total, the
difference represents Gross Profit. On the other hand, if the total of the debit
side is in excess of the credit side total, the difference represents Gross Loss.
Such Gross Profit / Gross Loss is transferred to Profit & Loss Account. The
Gross Profit is expressed as:
Gross Profit = Net Sales – Cost of Sales
Profit and Loss Account
The profit and loss account helps to ascertain the net profit earned or net
loss suffered during a particular period. After considering all other incomes
and expenses incurred over a period. This helps the company to monitor and
control the costs incurred and improve its efficiency. In other words, the
profit and loss statement shows the performance of the company in terms of
profits or losses over a specified period.
The Net Profit is expressed as:
Net Profit = (Gross Profit + Other Income) – (Selling and Administrative Expenses +
Depreciation + Interest + Taxes + Other Expenses)
A key element of the Profit and Loss Account, and one that distinguishes it
from a balance sheet, is that the amounts shown on the statement represent
transactions over a period of time, while the items represented on the
balance sheet show information as on a specific date.
All revenue and expense accounts are closed once the profit and loss account
is prepared. The Revenue and Expenses accounts will not have an opening
balance for the next accounting period.

Balance Sheet: The balance sheet is a statement that summarizes the assets and
liabilities of a business. The excess of assets over liabilities is the net worth of
a business. The balance sheet provides information that helps in assessing
‡ A company’s Long-term financial strength
‡ A company’s Efficient day-to-day working capital management
‡ A company’s Asset portfolio
‡ A company’s Sustainable long-term performance
The balances of all the real, personal and nominal (capital in nature)
accounts are transferred from trial balance to balance sheet and grouped
under the major heads of assets and liabilities.
The balance sheet is complete when the net profit/ loss is transferred from
the Profit and Loss account.
Transactions: A transaction is a financial event that takes places in the course
or furtherance of business and effects the financial position of the company.
For example, when you deposit cash in the bank, your cash balance reduces
and bank balance increases or when you sell goods for cash, your cash balance
increases and your stock reduces.
Transactions can be classified as follows:
‡ Receipts – cash or bank
‡ Payments – cash or bank
‡ Purchases
‡ Sales

Recording Transactions: The important aspect of accounting is to record

transactions promptly and correctly to ascertain the financial status of a
company as on a particular date.
Generally, the business transactions may be of the following nature:
 Purchase of goods either as raw materials for processing or as
finished goods for resale
 Payment of expenses incurred towards business
 Sale of goods or services
 Receipts (in Cash or by Cheques)
 Payments (in Cash or Cheques)
Computerized Accounting System: It is accounting information system that
processes the financial transaction and events as per Generally Accepted
Accounting Principles to produce report as per user requirement. In a
computerized accounting system the storage and processing of data is called
operating environment that consists of hardware as well as software in which
the accounting system works.

Advantages of Computerized Accounting System

Speed: Accounting data is processed faster by using Computerized
Accounting System.
Scalability: In Computerized Accounting System requirement of additional
manpower is confirmed to data entry operations of storing additional
vouchers.
Legibility: The data displayed on monitors is legible. It helps in avoiding
errors caused by untidy written figure in a manual accounting system.
Efficiency: It ensures better uses of resources and time.
Quality Reports: It is a report which is acceptable to stake holders and other
bodies because it is almost free from errors and emission.
Storage and Retrieval: The Computerized Accounting System allows the
users to store data in manners that does not require a large amount of
physical space.
Modernization and employees interest: the Computer system requires a
specialized hiring of staff Which makes them more valued. This motivates
them to develop interest in job.
Limitations of Computerized Accounting System
i) Cost of Training: Computerized Accounting System needs suitable staff. As
a result huge amount is required for training.
ii) Staff operation: whenever the accounting system is computerized there is
significant degree of assistant from the existing accounting staff is required.
iii) Disruption: The accounting process suffers a significant loss of work time
as organization switches over to the Computerized AccountingSystem.
iv) System failure: The failure of system occurred due to hardware failure and
the subsequent loss of work is a serious limitation in Computerized
Accounting System.
v) Disability to check unanticipated errors: Computerized Accounting System
cannot detect the unanticipated errors as human being commit.
vi) Ill effect of health: the extensive use of computer system may lead to
development of various health problems like bad back pain, eyestrain, and
muscular pain.

Accounting Software
Accounting Software is an anticipated part of the Computerized Accounting
System. An important factor to be considered before acquiring accounting
software is the accounting expertise of people responsible in organization.
Types of Accounting Packages:
There are three types of Accounting Packages.
a) Ready to use.
b) Customized.
c) Tailored.
Features of Computerised Accounting System:
 Online input and storage of accounting data.
 Print out of purchase and sales invoice.
 Logical scheme for recording of transaction every accounts and
transaction is assigned a unique code.
 Grouping of Accounts is done from the very beginning.
 Instant report for management.

Tally.ERP 9 is most powerful concurrent Multi-lingual business Accounting and

Inventory Management software. Tally.ERP 9, designed exclusively to meet the
needs of small and medium businesses, is a fully integrated, affordable and
highly reliable software. Tally. ERP 9 is quick to install, and easy to learn and use.
Tally. ERP 9 is designed to automate and integrate all business operations, such as
sales, finance, purchasing, inventory, and manufacturing. With Tally. ERP 9,
accurate, up-to date business information is literally at our fingertips anywhere.
The powerful new features and blazing speed and power of Tally. ERP 9
combined with enhanced MIS, Multi-lingual, Data Synchronization and Remote
capabilities help simplify all our business processes easily and cost-effectively.

Salient Features of Tally. ERP 9

A leading accounting package: The first version of Tally was released in 1988
and, through continuous development, is now recognized as one of the leading
accounting packages across the world, with over a quarter million customers.
Tally’s market share is more than 90%.
No accounting codes: Unlike other computerized accounting packages which
require numeric codes, Tally. ERP 9 pioneered the ‘no accounting
codes’ concept. Tally.ERP 9 users have the freedom to allocate meaningful
names in plain English to their data items in the system.
Completebusinesssolution: Tally.ERP 9 provides a comprehensive solution to the
accounting and inventory needs of a business. The package comprises financial
accounting, book-keeping and inventory accounting. It also has various tools to
extract, interpret and present data.
Integrated/ Non-integrated accounting and inventory: With Tally.ERP 9,
the user is able to choose between accounting and accounting with
inventory. If accounting with inventory is opted for, the user can choose
whether it should be integrated or not.
Flexible and easy to use: Tally.ERP 9 is very flexible. It mimics the human
thought process, which means that Tally.ERP 9 can adapt to any business
need. Tally.ERP 9 users need not change the way their business is run to
adapt to the package.
Speed: Tally.ERP 9 provides the capability to generate instant and accurate
reports, which assists the management to take timely and correct decisions for
the overall productivity and growth of the company.
Power: Tally.ERP 9 allows the user to maintain multiple companies and with
unlimited levels of classification & grouping capabilities. It also allows drill
down facility from report level to transaction level.
Flexibility: Tally.ERP 9 provides flexibility to generate instant reports for any
given period (month/year) or at any point of time besides providing the
facility to toggle between Accounting & Inventory reports of the same
company or between companies.
Concurrent multi-lingual capability: Tally.ERP 9 offers you the exclusive
capability of maintaining your accounts in any Indian language, viewing
them in another language and printing them in yet another Indian language.
Real time processing: Immediate posting & updating of books of accounts as
soon as the transactions are entered, thereby facilitating instant statements
& Reports. It also facilities real-time multi-userenvironment.
Versatility: Tally.ERP 9 is suitable for a range of organizations, from small
grocery stores to large corporations with international locations and
operations.
Multi-platform availability: Tally.ERP 9 is available on Windows 95, 98, ME,
2000 and NT. It runs on a single PC or on a network. On a network, it
supports access via any combination of platforms.
Online Help: The Tally.ERP 9 Online Help (Alt+H) provides instant
assistance on basic and advanced features or any other relevant topics of
Tally.ERP 9.
Tally.NET: is an enabling framework which establishes a connection through
which the remote user can access the Client's data without copying /
transferring the data.
Remote Access: Tally.ERP 9 provides remote capabilities to access the data from
anywhere and anytime.
Control Centre: works as an interface between the user and Tally.ERP 9
installed at different sites and enables the user to centrally configure and
administer Site/User belonging to an account.
Support Centre: allows a user to directly post his support queries on the
functional and technical aspects of the Product.
Tally.ERP 9 Start-up
Tally.ERP 9 can be started in the following way:
‡ Click on Start > Programs > Tally.ERP 9 > Tally.ERP 9 or double click on the
Tally.ERP 9 icon on your desktop

Tally.ERP 9 Screen Components

‡ Title bar: Displays the Tally.ERP 9 version number.
‡ Horizontal button bar: Selection of Language key, Keyboard Language and
Tally.ERP 9 Help.
‡ Close button: Performs the standard Windows Operating Systems
function (Windows 95 onwards), allowing to minimize Tally.ERP 9 and work
on other applications. To restore Tally.ERP 9, click the Tally.ERP 9 icon on
the taskbar.
Gateway of Tally: Displays menus, screens, reports and accepts the choices and
options which you select to view data as required.
Buttons toolbar: Displays buttons which provide quick interaction with Tally.ERP
9. Only buttons relevant to the current task are visible.
Calculator Area: Used for Calculator functions.
Info Panel: Displays Version number, License details, Configuration details.
Creation of a Company
Go to Gateway of Tally > Company Info. > CreateCompany
The Company Creation screen displays as shown.
After creating a company The Gateway of Tally screen will appear as shown
below:
Working with Multiple Companies:
For a group of companies, we can maintain the details of each company separately.
We can select the company to work with and close the company when it is not
required. However, we can also open many companies at the same time and
switch between companies without closing the application.

Let us create another company. Name your company as Indus Enterprises,

Financial Year as 1 April 2019 & Book beginning from 1 April 2019 and we may
enter the company details as we like,
To create Indus Enterprises we follow this procedure:
1. From the buttons bar select Alt + F3: Create Cmp or simply press Alt + F3 to
bring up the Company Info. Menu.
2. Select Create Company from the menu to bring up the Company
Creation screen.
3. Enter Indus Enterprises in the Name field and by entering other data of our
choice (for example, the address details).
4. When we have finished, Press Y or Enter to accept the screen.

The Gateway of Tally screen will now appear as shown below:

To Select a Company:
1. Go to the Gateway of Tally > Alt + F3 > Company Info. > Select Company
OR Press F1.
Tally.ERP 9 displays the List of Companies screen. All the companies created are
displayed in an alphabetical order. Select the company name from the list given.

2. In case two or more companies are loaded click on the company which you
need to work on so that the selected company will be highlighted and will
appear on top of the list.
To Shut a Company:
Go to the Gateway of Tally > Alt + F3 > Company Info. > Shut Company. Select the
Company which you need to shut from the List of Companies.
You can also use Alt + F1 to shut a Company from the Gateway of Tally
screen.

To Alter Company Details:

Go to the Gateway of Tally > Alt + F3 > Company Info. > Alter. Select the company
which you need to alter from the List of Companies and press Enter to view the
Company Alteration screen. Alter the company details as required and accept the
screen.

Configuration F11 – it applies only for the company in which you are
working. For example if our machine has 3 companies A, B & C and we have
opened company C and if we make any change in configuration F11, such
change will be reflected in company C only and not in company A & B.
Configuration F12 – It applies to all the companies present in tally. For
example if our machine has 3 companies A, B & C and you opened company
C make any change in configuration F12, such change will be reflected in all
the companies A, B & C.

To move forward in tally we always use enter and to move backward we use
either Esc or backspace. To see various options available (if not shown in
tally) we press the spacebar.

Groups and Ledgers

Group is a collection of Ledgers of the same nature. In a business, expenditures
like telephone expenses, electricity charges, conveyance etc., are commonly
incurred. Ledgers based on these expenditures are created to be used while
accounting vouchers are entered. To know the total of such expenses for any period
(a week or a month), similar natured expense ledgers are grouped.

Ledger account heads are the actual account heads with which weidentify
the transactions. All voucher entries have to be passed using ledgers. To
understand the concept of Groups and Ledgers, let us create Ledgers and
Groups in XYZ Enterprises.
1. Proprietor's Capital Account – under Capital Account with an opening balance
of Rs.25000.
2. Land & Building – under Fixed Assets with an opening balance of
Rs.60000.
3. Milton& Co – under Sundry Debtors because we have sold some goods to
them – with an opening balance of Rs.15000.
4. Kaltronic Ltd – under Sundry Creditors – because we have purchased some
goods from them with opening balance of Rs. 85000.
5. Local Sales – under Sales Account with no openingbalance.
6. Local Purchases – under Purchase Account with no opening balance.
7. State Bank of India – under Bank Accounts with an opening balance of Rs.
35000.
8. Conveyance – under Indirect Expenses with no opening balance.
9. Bank Interest – under Indirect Income with no opening balance.
We have mentioned ledger names under groups i.e., under Capital Account,
under Sundry Debtor, etc. which are referred to as GROUP names. Ledgers
are created in the following manner:
Go to the Gateway of Tally > Accounts Info. > Ledgers > Create. The Ledger
Creation screen appears as shown below:

1. Proprietor's Capital Account under

Capital Account with an opening balance
of Rs. 25000. Enter Name as Proprietor's
Capital Account.
Select Capital Account from the List of
Groups.
Enter 25000 in the Opening
Balance(on 1-Apr-2019) field.

Press Y or Enter to accept the

screen.

Groups can be created in the

following manner:
Go to the Gateway of Tally > Accounts Info. >Groups.
Assignment1:
1. Create a company XYZ Pvt. Ltd in Tally
2. Business started with cash Rs.20000
3. Deposit into SBI (State Bank of India) Rs.5000
4. Bought Table of Rs.3000
5. Sold goods for cash Rs.2500
6. Purchase goods from Mr.SC on credit Rs.2000
7. Sold goods to Mr.SD on credit Rs.2500
8. Received cash from Mr.SD of Rs.2000
9. Cash paid to Mr.SC Rs.1500
10. Received commission Rs.110
11. Wages paid Rs.2000
12. Salaries paid Rs.1500
13. Received interest on SBI deposit Rs.150
14. Paid into SBI Rs.600
15. Paid for advertisement Rs.500
16. Purchased Goods for cash Rs.800
17. Sold Goods for cash Rs.3000
18. Change the company name from XYZ to ABC
19. Protect it
20. Display all journals
21. Display Profit & Loss
22. Display Income & Expenditure
23. Display Balance Sheet (Details)
Solution:
Short cut keys:

Create company XYZ

Business started with Rs. 20000

Deposit in SBI

Bought Table for Rs.3000

Goods Sold for Rs. 2500

Purchase goods from Mr.SC on credit Rs.2000

Sold goods to Mr.SD on credit Rs.2500

Received cash from Mr.SD of Rs.2000

Cash paid to Mr.SC Rs.1500

Change the company name from XYZ to ABC

Display all journals

Display Profit & Loss

Display Receipt & Payment

Display Balance Sheet (Details)

Stock creation:
Important parts to discuss here:
a) Creation of stock groups, stock categories & stock items
b) Godown creation
c) Deleting godowns
d) Viewing stocks created
e) Godown transfer
f) View godown wise report & category wise report

At first we should have a brief idea about stock groups, stock categories &
stock items. When stock group is shoes then stock categories will be gents,
ladies & boys and stock items will be sandals & boots for gents, sandals & flip
flops for ladies, and running shoes and sneakers for kids.
When stock group is TV then stock categories will be 22 inch, 32 inch, 43
inch, & 55 inch. Stock items will be the different brands like Samsung, LG,
Philips & Sony etc.
Step 1: Change inconfiguration
Gateway of tally> F11> Inventory features> Maintain multiple godowns (Yes)>
Enter>
Maintain stock categories (Yes) > enter > Ctrl+A
Step 2: Creation of stock groups,stock categories andunit of measure Gateway of
tally> Inventory info> Stock groups > create > name of the inventory (shoes)>
under (primary)>should quantities be added (Yes) >enter

Gateway of tally> Inventory info> Stock categories > create > name of the
category (gents)> under (primary)> name of the category (ladies)> under
(primary)> name of the category (kids)> under (primary)
Gateway of tally> Inventory info>units of measure > create >Symbol (Pcs) >
formal name (Pieces)>enter>enter
Step 3: Creation of godown & deleting of godowns Creating Godowns Gateway of
tally > Inventory info>godowns >create> give the name of godown
(Liluah)>under primary > our stock with third party (No) > third party stock
with us >No > enter> enter
we create another godown in these way with the name Salkia.
Deleting godowns
Gateway of tally> Inventory info>Alter> select the godown to be deleted >
Alt+D> Yes
Here we will observe a godown already created by Tally for us under the
name ‘Main Location’.
Step 4: Creation of stock items
Gateway of tally> Inventory info> Stock items > create > name of the item
(sandal)> under (stock group shoes)> category (ladies)> units > (select
Pcs)>set components (BOM)> No>opening balance> give quantity (900)>
select godown (Liluah)> select rate (Rs.200)>enter>enter
Similarly create stock items sneakers (1000 pcs @ Rs.500 each) under
category kids and boats (1000pcs @ Rs.1500 each) under category gents.
Keep the in sneakers liluah godown and boats in salkia godown.
Step 5: View report
Gateway of tally > stock summary> garments > select any one (sneakers,
boats or sandal) > enter
Step 6: Godowntransfer
Gateway of tally> Inventory voucher> stock journal (Here we will observe that
in stock journal there are two parts – left part is the source section & right
part is the destination section)> spacebar> select the component we want to
transfer(sandal) > spacebar> select the godown (from the list that appears in
the right hand side) where the item now exits (Liluah)> give the quantity
(500pcs)> give rate (Rs.200)> enter >enter> name of the item ( sandal)> press
space bar >select the godown to which the item is to be transfer( Salkia).give
quantity (500pcs)>give rate (Rs200)>enter>enter
Similarly we transfer 500pcs of sneakers from Liluah godown to Salkia
godown and transfer 200pcs of boats from salkia godown to Liluah godown.
Step 7: View report
Godown wise report
Gateway of tally >display> statement of inventory> godown>select godown>
enter
Category wise report
Gateway of tally >display> statement of inventory>categories >select the
Category> enter.
 Steps of Creating a Company:
You can open Tally.ERP9 software by double clicking on
Tally.ERP9 icon. The first step is how to create a company, and
without creating a company you will not move further to create
masters and recording of business transactions etc.
You can easily create a company in Tally.ERP9 by using the
below path.
Path: Gateway of Tally –> ALT+F3 –> Click on Create Company
You have to go through the above path and fill the information
related to your company like, address of company, contact details
and other information.
Observe the above screen shot contains on the left side current
Period, current date, name of the company and date of last entry.

Steps of creating ledger account in Tally ERP 9.

Path: Gateway of Tally –> Accounts Info –> Ledgers –> Single
Ledger –> Choose Create.
Enter the name of ledger account, and the name should be
unique.
Under: Choose the group name from list of group, that pertains to
ledger account
After maintaining all the required details, choose Yes option
under Accept to save the configured details in Tally. ERP 9.
After following all the steps given above I had prepare all this
Ledgers showing above.

Steps of creating single stock item:

Step 1: Go to Gateway of Tally and then Choose Inventory Info.
Step 2: Choose Stock items under Inventory Info.
Step 3: Choose "Create" under the Single Stock Item.
STOCK GROUP:

UNIT OF MEASURE:
GODOWN:

Display all Journals:

Tally Main> Gateway of Tally>Display

MENU>Day Book
Steps of passing journal entries:
Go to Tally > Transactions > Accounting Vouchers> Receipt

Go to tally > Transactions> Accounting Vouchers> payment

Contra
Cash deposited to SBI Rs. 8000.
Rent paid Rs. 850 by UBI.

CONTRA:
SBI DEPOSITED TO UBI Rs.10000.
Purchase goods from Mr. Agarwal on
Credit Rs. 8500.

Sold goods to Mr. Sen on credit Rs. 9300

Purchase goods returned to Mr. Agarwal Rs.
1000.

Sold goods returned from Mr. Sen Rs.

1200.
Received from Mr. Sen Rs. 6000 by cash.

Paid to Mr. Agarwal Rs.5000 by cheque of

SBI.
PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT
BALANCE SHEET
 UNIT- 2
Designing Computerized Accounting System
(MS – Access)
Basic Concept – on MS Access
Microsoft Access is a database management system (DBMS) from
Microsoft that combines the relational Microsoft Jet Database Engine with
a graphical user interface and software-development tools. Microsoft Access stores
information which is called a database.
To use MS Access, you will need to follow these four steps:
 Database Creation - Create your Microsoft Access database and specify what
kind of data you will be storing.
 Data Input - After your database is created, the data of every business day can
be entered into the Access database.
 Query - This is a fancy term to basically describe the process of retrieving
information from the database.
 Report (optional) - Information from the database is organized in a nice
presentation that can be printed in an Access Report.
Objects in MS Access:
MS Access uses “objects" to help the user list and organize information, as well as
prepare specially designed reports. When we create a database, Access offers us
Tables, Queries, Forms, Reports, Macros, and Modules.
Databases in Access are composed of many objects but the following are the major
objects:
† Tables
† Queries
† Forms
† Reports
Together, these objects allow you to enter, store, analyze, and compile our data.

Table:
Table is an object that is used to define and store data. When you create a new table,
Access asks you to define fields which is also known as column headings
→ Each field must have a unique name, and data type.
→ Tables contain fields or columns that store different kinds of data, such as a name
or an address, and records or rows that collect all the information about a particular
instance of the subject, such as all the information about a customer or employee etc.
→ You can define a primary key, one or more fields that have a unique value for each
record, and one or more indexes on each table to help retrieve your data more
quickly.
Creation of table
Note: Always open MS – Access from start menu.
Step 1: Making the table
Go to the start button>Click on MS Office>Select MS – Access > Blank desktop
database>Give a file name>You can change the location where the file can be saved
by clicking on the folder icon>Create>View (Left hand corner on the top)>Design
view>Give name of the table>ok>Give the field name & select the proper data type
(in the subsequent column) from the drop down box.
If a pop up warning window appears, press ok & proceed. After entering all the
fields>save.
Given below are some examples of data fields & corresponding data types
Field name Data Type
E_ID Auto number
Short text or Long
E_Name
Text
E_Address Long text
Date of birth Date & Time
Basic Salary Currency

Step 2: Entering data in the table

Go to view (Top left corner)>Data sheet view>Fill up the table
The technique of filling up can be shown through the following table
Field Name How to fill up
No need to enter
anything, it gets filled
The field with auto
automatically, when
number data type
you start to fill the
other columns
You can select the
date from the
Date of Birth calendar provided or
you can put it
manually
After entering all the data> save> exit
Step 3: View the table
Go to the place where it is saved (as it is done in step 1)> open it by double
click> in the left hand side you will see the table created by you appears>
double click on it to view.

Query, Form & Report

Query
An object that provides a custom view of data from one or more tables.
Queries are a way of searching for and compiling data from one or more tables.
† Running a query is like asking a detailed question of your database.
† When you build a query in Access, you are defining specific search conditions
to find exactly the data you want.
† In Access, you can use the graphical query by example facility or you can
write Structured Query Language (SQL) statements to create your queries.
†You can define queries to Select, Update, Insert, or Delete data.
† You can also define queries that create new tables from data in one or more
existing tables.
Query creating?
Go to the previous file created (in Topic 2)>Select the table by double click
> Create> Query Design>a small pop up window appears showing all the
tables in the file>Select the required table > add (a small pop up window
appears in the blank area above) > close (all fields appear in the small pop
up window) > select the fields, on which you wish to set query, one by one by
double clicking on them > Give the criteria> in “or” shown below criteria you
can provide an alternative criteria > save > Give a name to the query> ok > run
> a table with only the fields selected & criteria satisfied appears.
Note: While selecting the fields always select the field under primary key & if
any field exists with the name of persons, then it is advisable to select such field.
Form
Form is an object in a desktop database designed primarily for data input or
display or for control of application execution. You use forms to customize
the presentation of data that your application extracts from queries or tables.
Forms are used for entering, modifying, and viewing records.
The reason forms are used so often is that they are an easy way to guide people
toward entering data correctly.
When you enter information into a form in Access, the data goes exactly where
the database designer wants it to go in one or more related tables.
Steps
Go to the previous file created (in Topic 2) > Create > Form wizard > a window
appears with available fields & selected fields > From the available fields send
the required fields to the selected fields using (>) symbol. If you want to transfer
all the available fields to the selected fields use (>>) symbol. Select the fields
you want to transfer from available field & transfer them to the selected field
one by one using (>) symbol> Next > Select the type of form you like to > Next
> Finish.
Report
Report is an object in desktop databases designed for formatting, calculating,
printing, and summarizing selected data.
† You can view a report on your screen before you print it.
†If forms are for input purposes, then reports are for output.
†Anything you plan to print deserves a report, whether it is a list of names
and addresses, a financial summary for a period, or a set of mailing labels.
†Reports are useful because they allow you to present components of your
database in an easy-to-read format.
†You can even customize a report's appearance to make it visually appealing.
†Access offers you the ability to create a report from any table or query.
Steps
Go to the file created (in Topic 2) > Create > Report wizard > Select the fields
in the same order as you have done in case of Form (3.2 Form discussed above)
> Next >Arrange the fields selected by transferring them from left to right using
(>) symbol (Transfer should be in the order of priority, however the priority
may be changed later using the upward & downward arrow which lies on the
either side of the word “priority”) > Next > In this step those items, which were
not transferred from left to right in the previous step, has to be selected one by
one & the sorting order decided, either ascending or descending> Next > select
the layout & orientation > Select modify the report’s design > Finish.
Create a Database in MS-Access:
Steps:
1.Click the office button and choose New.
The Getting started with Microsoft Access screen appears.
2.Click the Blank Database icon.
The file name text box appears in the right corner of the
Screen.
3.Type a descriptive file name for your Database.
You may want to click the Browse icon to specify a different
folder or drive or drive to store your database.

4.Click Create.
Access displays a blank data and an Add New Field text
box. Displaying your databases in rows and columns in
Datasheet view.
 UNIT – 3
E-Filing of Tax Return
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks of
gratitude to my teacher - Prof. NIBIR
GOSWAMI, who gave me the golden
opportunity to do this wonderful project on E-
Filing of “TAX RETURN”, Who also helped
me in completing my project. I came to know
about so many new things I am really thankful
to them.
Secondly, I would also like to thank my
parents and friends who helped me a lot in
finalizing this project within the limited time
frame.

EKTA VERMA
E-Filing: E-filing is the short form of
electronic filing of income taxes. E-filing is
when you electronically file your income tax
returns online for a particular year. This means
you no longer need to visit the nearest Income
Tax Department's office to file your returns
physically.

Website – www.incometax.gov.in
Who are eligible to file ITR-1?
For individuals being a resident (other than not
ordinarily resident) having total income
uptoRs.50 lakh, having Income from Salaries,
one house property, other sources (Interest
etc.), and agricultural income uptoRs.5
thousand.
 How to file ITR-1(SAHAJ)
Step 1: Visit the e-filing website-
www.incometax.gov.in
Step 2: Register or Login to e-file your returns
In case you have registered yourself on the
portal earlier, click on the ‘Login’ Here’
button.
In case you have not registered yourself on the
portal, click on the ‘Register’ Yourself’
button.
Step 3: Click on ‘Taxpayer’ and then enter the
details of your PAN and click on ‘validate’.
Next, click on ‘Continue’.
Step 4: Provide details such as your name,
address, gender, residential status, date of
birth, etc.
Step 5: Provide your Email ID and registered
mobile number.
Step 6: Once the form has been filled up, click
on ‘Continue’.
Step 7: You will have to verify the details
following which a 6-digit One Time Password
(OTP) will be sent to your registered mobile
number and Email address.
Step 8: Enter the OTP follow the instructions
given to complete the registration process
successfully.
Step 9: Once the OTP has been verified, a new
window will open where you will have to
verify the details provided by you. In case any
detail given is incorrect, you can change it,
following which another OTP will be sent to
validate the change.
Step 10: The final step will be set up a
password and secure login message.
Step 11: Click on ‘Register’ following which
you will receive an acknowledgment message
stating that the registration process has been
completed successfully.
Follow the steps mentioned below to e-file
your income tax returns using the Income tax
e filing portal:
Step 1: Visit the official Income Tax e-filing
website and Click on the ‘Login’ button.
Step 2: Next, Enter Username then Click
continue and After enter your Password.
After user id enter password
Step 3: Once you have logged into the portal,
click on the tab ‘e-file’ and then click on ‘File
Income Tax Return’.
Step 4: Select the Assessment year for which
you wish to file your income tax returns and
click on ‘Continue’.
Step 5: You will then be asked whether you
wish to file your returns online or offline. In
this case you need to choose the former which
is also the recommended mode of tax filing.
Select online mode
Step 6: Choose whether you wish to file your
income tax returns as an individual, Hindu
Undivided Family (HUF), or others. Choose
the option ‘individual’.
Choose Individual option
Step 7: Choose the income tax returns (ITR)
you wish to file. For example, ITR 2 can be
filed by individuals and HUFs who don’t have
income from business or profession. Similarly,
in case of an individual, they can choose the
option ITR1 or ITR4. Here you will have to
click ‘Proceed with ITR1’.
select right ITR-1 Form
Step 8: The next step will ask you the reason
for filing your returns above the basic
exempted limit or because of the seventh
provision under Section 139(1). According to
the section, if the aggregate amount deposited
by an individual exceeds Rs.1 crore in one or
more current accounts during the year,
exceeds Rs.2 lakh on a foreign trip, or if a
payment of more than Rs.1 lakh is paid on
electricity bills, then the person can file their
income tax returns. Make sure you choose the
right option.
Select reason filing
Step 9: Fill in the details of your bank account.
If you have already provided the details of
your bank account, then pre-validate it.
Validate your bank details
Step 10: You will then be directed to a new
page to file your income tax returns. The page
will contain a lot of information filled already.
Check them make sure all the details
mentioned are correct. Confirm the summary
of your returns and validate it.
Step 11: The final step is to verify your returns
and send a hard copy of if to the Income Tax
Department. The verification process is
mandatory.
What is the structure of ITR-
1 Form?
Part A – General Information
Part B – Gross Total Income
Part C – Deductions and Taxable Total
Income
Part D – Computation of Tax Payable
Part E – Other Information
PART A GENERAL INFORMATION
(A2) (A4) Date (A5) Aadhaar Number (12 digits)/Aadhaar Enrolment
First of Birth Id (28
Name digits) (If eligible for Aadhaar No.)

D D MMY Y Y Y

(A (A2a)
1) Midd
P le
A Name
N

(A3)
Last
name
(A6) (A7) Email Address Address: (A8) Flat/Door/Block No. (A9) Name of
Mobile Premises/Building/Village (A10) Road/Street/Post Office
No. Area/Locality(A11) Town/City/District (A12) State (A13)
Country
(A14) PIN code

(A15) Filed u/s (Tick)  139(1)-On or before due date, 139(4)-Belated, (A16) Nature of employment-
[Please see instruction] 139(5)-Revised,  119(2)(b)- After  Central Govt.  State Govt.
Condonation of delay. Public Sector Undertaking 
Pensioners-CG  Pensioners-
(A17) Or Filed in  139(9),  142(1),  148, SG
responseto notice u/s  Pensioners-PSU  Pensioners-
Others  Others  Not Applicable
(e.g. Family Pension etc.)

(A18) If revised/defective, then enter Receipt No. and Date of filing

/ /
originalreturn (DD/MM/YYYY)
(A19) If filed in response to notice u/s 139(9)/142(1)/148 or order u/s 119(2)(b)- enter
/ /
UniqueNumber/Document Identification Number (DIN) & Date of such Notice or Order

(A20) Are you opting for new tax regime u/s 115BAC?  Yes  No
(A21) Are you filing return of income under Seventh proviso to section 139(1) but otherwise not required to
furnish returnof income? - (Tick)  Yes  No
If yes, please furnish following information:
[Note: To be filled only if a person is not required to furnish a return of income under section 139(1) but filing
return ofincome due to fulfilling one or more conditions mentioned in the seventh proviso to section 139(1)]

(i) Have you deposited amount or aggregate of amounts exceeding Rs. 1

Crore inone or more current account during the previous year? Amount (Rs) (If Yes)
(Yes/No)

(ii) Have you incurred expenditure of an amount or aggregate of amount

exceeding Rs. 2 lakhs for travel to a foreign country for yourself or for
Amount (Rs) (If Yes)
any other person? (Yes/ No)

(iii) Have you incurred expenditure of amount or aggregate of amount

exceeding Rs. 1 lakh on consumption of electricity during the previous Amount (Rs) (If Yes)
year? (Yes/No)
(iv) Are you required to file a return as per other conditions prescribed under clause (iv)
of (Tick)  Yes  No
seventh proviso to section 139(1) (If yes, please select the relevant condition from the
drop-
down menu)

PART B GROSS TOTAL INCOME

Whole - Rupee( ) only
B i Gross Salary (ia + ib + ic + id + ie) i
1
a Salary as per section 17(1) ia
b Value of perquisites as per section 17(2) ib
c Profit in lieu of salary as per section 17(3) ic
Income from retirement benefit account
d maintained ina notified country u/s 89A id
(Please choose from drop
down menu)
Income from retirement benefit account
e ie
SALARY / PENSION

maintained ina country other than notified

country u/s 89A
Less allowances to the extent exempt u/s 10 ((Please choose from drop
ii ii
down menu) )
(Ensure that it is included in salary income u/s 17(1)/17(2)/17(3))
ii Less: Income claimed for relief from taxation u/s 89A iia
a
iii Net Salary (i – ii - iia) iii
iv Deductions u/s 16 (iva + ivb + ivc) iv
a Standard deduction u/s 16(ia) iva
bEntertainment allowance u/s 16(ii) ivb
c Professional tax u/s 16(iii) ivc
v Income chargeable under the head ‘Salaries’ (iii – iv) B1
B Tick applicable option  Self-Occupied  Let Out  Deemed Let
2 Out
i Gross rent received/ receivable/ lettable value during the year i
PROPERTY

ii Tax paid to local authorities ii

iii Annual Value (i – ii) iii
HOUSE

iv 30% of Annual Value iv

v Interest payable on borrowed capital v
vi Arrears/Unrealised rent received during the
vi
year less30%
 vi Income chargeable under the head ‘House Property’ (iii – iv – v) +
i vi (If loss, putthe figure in negative) B2
Note: - Maximum loss from House Property that can be set-off is INR 2,
00,000. To avail the benefit of carry forward and set of loss, please use ITR -2
Income from Other Sources (drop down like interest from saving account,
deposit etc. to be provided specifying nature of income and in case of
B B3
3 dividend income and Income from
retirement benefit account maintained in a notified country u/s 89A,
please mentionquarterly breakup for allowing applicable relief from
section 234C)
Less: Deduction u/s 57(iia) (in case of family pension only)
Less: Income claimed for relief from taxation u/s 89A
B
Gross Total Income (B1+B2+B3) (If loss, put the figure in negative) B4
Note: To avail the benefit of carry forward and set of loss, please use ITR -2
4
PART C – DEDUCTIONS AND TAXABLE TOTAL INCOME (Refer instructions for Deduction
limit as per Income-tax Act)
80C 80CCC 80CCD(1) 80CCD(1B) 80CCD(2) 80D 80DD 80DDB 80E 80EE
(Please choose (Please choose (Please
fromdrop down from drop choose from
menu) down drop down
menu) menu))
80EE 80EEB 80G 80GG 80GGA 80GGC 80TTA 80TTB 80U
A (Please (Please (Please
choose choose choose
from fromdrop fromdrop
drop down down
down menu) menu))
menu)
Total deductions Total
C1 C2
Income(B4-
C1)
Exempt Income: For (Please choose from drop down menu)
reporting purpose
PART D –
COMPUTATION OF TAX
PAYABLE
D1 Tax payable on D2 Rebate u/s 87A D3 Tax after Rebate
total income
D4 Health and D5 Total Tax and D6 Relief u/s 89 (Please
education Cess @ Cess ensure to submit Form
4% on D3 10E to claim this relief)
D7 Interest u/s 234A D8 Interest u/s D9 Interest u/s 234C
234B
D10 Fee u/s 234F D11 Total Tax, Fee and Interest (D5+D7+D8+D9+D10 – D6)
D12 Total Taxes Paid D13 Amount D14 Refund
payable (D12-D11) (if D12>D11)
(D11-D12) (if
D11>D12)
PART E – OTHER INFORMATION
Details of all Bank Accounts held in India at any time during the previous year (excluding dormant accounts)
Sl. IFS Code of the Bank Name of the Bank Account Number Select Account for Refund Credit
I
1. Minimum one account should be selected for refund credit.
2. In case of Refund, multiple accounts are selected for refund credit, then refund will be credited to one of the accounts decided by
CPC after processing the return.
Schedule-IT Details of Advance Tax and Self-Assessment Tax payments
BSR Code Date of Deposit Serial Number of Challan Tax paid
(DD/MM/YYYY)
Col (1) Col (2) Col (3) Col (4)

R1
R2
Schedule-TDS Details of TDS/TCS [As per Form 16/16A/16C/27D issued by the Deductor(s)/ Employer(s)/ Payer(s)/ Collector(s)]
TAN of Name of the Gross payment/ receipt Year of tax Tax TDS/TCS credit
deductor/Collector Deductor/ which is subject to tax deduction/ Deducted/ out of (5) claimed
or PAN/ Aadhaar Collector/Tenant deduction /collection collection collected this Year
No. of the Tenant

Col (2) Col (3) Col (4) Col (5) Col (6) Col (7)
 T
1
T
2

VERIFICATION
Stamp Receipt No.,
Seal, Date & Sign of
I, son/ daughter
Receiving Official of....................... solemnly declare that to the best
of my knowledge and belief, the information given
in the return is correct and complete and is in
accordance with the provisions of the Income-tax
Act, 1961. I further declare that I am making this
return in my capacity as (Please choose
from drop down menu) and I am also competent to
make this return and verify it. I am holding
permanent account number (Please see
instruction).
Date: Signature:

If the return has been prepared by a Tax Return Preparer (TRP) give further details below:
Identification No. of TRP Name of TRP Counter Signature of TRP

If TRP is entitled for any reimbursement from the Government,

amount thereof
 Given the following particulars of an
individual Ms. Ekta Verma for the Previous
Year 2021-2022, Determine (1) his total
income (2) File the Income Tax Return for
the Assessment Year 2022-2023.
Name EKTA VERMA
Father’s name Pradeep Kumar Verma
PAN ALFPV8587K
Date of Birth 08/10/2001
Address RISHRA
Mobile No 9123689081
Email ID [email protected]
Residential status Resident and Ordinarily
Return filed u/s 139(1)
Type of return Original
Occupation STUDENT

Bank Account details :

AXIS
Bank
RISHRA
Branch
Account No
9120100469
IFSC Code 49997
UTIB00005
45
Date of filing Return 13.05.2022
Place of filing Return of Income RISHRA
Income Details : Rs 1700000
Gross salary (as per Form 16)
(Rs. 140000)
Income from House
Rs. 26000
propertyInterest on Bank
Fixed deposit
Payment details:
Professional Tax paid
LIC premium paid on own life ( sum assured Rs Rs. 3000
3,00,000) Rs 32,000
LIC premium paid on wife’s life(sum assured Rs Rs. 11,000
1,00,000) Rs. 28,000
Deposit to PPF Rs. 22,000
Mediclaim Insurance paid by cheque (on own health)
Medical expenses on treatment of dependent brother Rs. 35,000
(physically handicapped) Rs 15,000
Donation to National Defence Fund Rs. 10,000
Donation to Prime Minister National Relief Fund
: