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Physical Geography 60mains

Ocean sediments are deposits of insoluble particles on the seafloor, originating from soil and rocks transported by rivers, wind, and glaciers. The main sources include terrigenous sediment from continental sources, pelagic carbonate and silica sediments from marine organisms, volcanic ash from eruptions, and iron and manganese nodules from ocean-bottom water. Understanding these sediments is crucial for insights into Earth's geological history, past climates, and marine life evolution.

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Physical Geography 60mains

Ocean sediments are deposits of insoluble particles on the seafloor, originating from soil and rocks transported by rivers, wind, and glaciers. The main sources include terrigenous sediment from continental sources, pelagic carbonate and silica sediments from marine organisms, volcanic ash from eruptions, and iron and manganese nodules from ocean-bottom water. Understanding these sediments is crucial for insights into Earth's geological history, past climates, and marine life evolution.

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PRAHAR 2023
Physical Geography – Mains Question 60

1. What are ocean sediments? Briefly discuss the various sources of oceanic sediments.
(10 Marks, 150 Words)

Approach:
❖ Introduction: Start the answer with a brief introduction of Ocean sediments.
❖ Body: Discuss various sources of oceanic sediment.
❖ Conclusion: Conclude the answer by summarizing the significance of the Ocean sediments.

Answer:
Ocean sediments are deposits of insoluble particles that have accumulated on the seafloor. These particles
have their origins in soil and rocks and have been transported from the land to the sea, mainly by rivers but
also by dust carried by wind and by the flow of glaciers into the sea.
Various Sources of Oceanic Sediments:
❖ Terrigenous Sediment: They are derived from continental sources transported by rivers, wind, ocean
currents, and glaciers. It is dominated by quartz, feldspar, clay minerals, iron oxides, and terrestrial
organic matter.
❖ Pelagic Carbonate Sediment: Pelagic carbonate sediments are derived from organisms (e.g.,
foraminifera) living in the ocean water (at various depths, but mostly near surface) that make their
shells out of carbonate minerals such as calcite.
❖ Pelagic Silica Sediment: Pelagic silica sediments are derived from marine organisms (e.g., diatoms
and radiolaria) that make their tests out of silica (microcrystalline quartz).
❖ Volcanic Ash and Other Volcanic Materials: They are derived from both terrestrial and submarine
eruptions.
❖ Iron and Manganese nodules are formed as direct precipitates from ocean-bottom water.
The various sources of oceanic deposits are essential in understanding the Earth's geological history and
the evolution of marine life. The significance of these deposits lies in the information they provide about
the past climate, oceanic conditions, and geochemical processes that have occurred over millions of years.

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