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SECTION 2
STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION
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Time — 25 minutes
(including the reading of the directions)
Now set your clock for 25 minutes.

This section is designed to measure your ability to recognize language that

is appropriate
standard written English. There are two types of questions in this section, with special for
each type. directions for

Structure
Directions: These questions are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you
will see four words
or phrases, marked (A), (B), (C), and ( D). Choose the one word or phrase that best
completes the
sentence. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and
fill in the space that
corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.
Look at the following examples.

Example I
Sample Answer
The president the election by a landslide.
(D
( A) won ©
( B ) he won
(C ) yesterday
(D) fortunately

The sentence should read , "The president won the election by a landslide." Therefore,
you should
choose answer (A).

Example II
Sample Answer
When the conference?

(A ) the doctor attended ©

(B) did the doctor attend ©
( C) the doctor will attend
(D ) the doctors attendance

The sentence should read , "When did the doctor attend the conference ?" Therefore
, you should
choose answer (B).

I ONI A 3
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TOEFL® test directions and format are reprinted by permission
of ETSr the copyright owner. However, all examples and test
.
questions are provided by Pearson Education, Inc
COMPLETE TEST ONE 385
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range in color from pale yellow to 6. Most species of heliotropes are weeds, —
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of them are cultivated.

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bright orange.
(A ) Canaries which (A) some
(B) Canaries (B ) but some
1
( C) That canaries ( C) for some species
(D) Canaries that are (D ) some species

7. Thunder occurs as through air, -

2. of precious gems is determined by
their hardness, color, and brilliance. causing the heated air to expand and
collide with layers of cooler air. . j

( A) The valuable
(B) It is the value ( A) an electrical charge
(C) It is valuable (B) passes an electrical charge
(D) The value (C) the passing of an electrical charge
(D) an electrical charge passes
3. a tornado spins in a
counterclockwise direction in the northern 8. Researchers have long debated
hemisphere, it spins in the opposite Saturn's moon Titan contains hydrocarbon
direction in the southern hemisphere. oceans and lakes.

( A) However ( A) over it *
( B) Because of (B) whether it
( C) Although ( C) whether
(D ) That (D ) whether over

4. The Caldecott Medal, for the best 9 . Nimbostratus clouds are thick, dark grey
children's picture book, is awarded each clouds forebode rain.
January. ( A) what
(A) a prize ( B) which
(B) which prize (C) what they
( C) is a prize which ( D) which they
(D) is a prize ... >

10 . in several early civilizations, a cubit

5. The horn of the rhinoceros consists of a was based on the length of the forearm (

cone of tight bundles of keratin from from the tip of the middle finger to the
the epidermis . elbow. i )

( A) grow (A) It was used as a measurement >

(B ) grows (B ) A measurement was used

( C) growing (C) The use of a measurement
(D ) they grow ( D) Used as a measurement
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386 COMPLETE TEST ONE

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11. Only when air and water seep through its 14. The flight instructor, at the air base,
outer coat said that orders not to fight had been
given.
(A) does a seed germinate
( B) to the germination of a seed (A) when interviewed
(C) a seed germinates ( B) when he interviewed
(D) for a seed to germinate (C) when his interview
(D ) when interviewing
12 . seasonal rainfall, especially in
regions near the tropics, is winds that blow 15. In the northern and central parts of the
in an opposite direction in winter than in state of Idaho and churning rivers.
summer.
(A) majestic mountains are found
(A) Causing (B ) found majestic mountains
(B) That cause ( C) are found majestic mountains
( C) To cause ( D) finding majestic mountains
( D) What causes

13. The extinct Martian volcano Olympus

Mons is approximately three times as
Mount Everest.
( A) high
(B) high as is
(C) higher than
( D) the highest of

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COMPLETE TEST ONE 387

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Written Expression
words or phrases. The four L:
Directions: In these questions, each sentence has four underlined
( ), ( B ) , ( C) , and ( D ) . Identify the one underlined word
underlined parts of the sentence are marked A
. Then , on your answer sheet,
or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct <

the letter of the answer you

find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to
have chosen.
L
Look at the following examples.
Sample Answer
Example I

The four string on a violin are tuned

A B TT D © . J
in fifths. ®
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, you should
The sentence should read, "The four strings on a violin are tuned in fifths / Therefore
'

choose answer B( ).
Example II Sample Answer

The research for the book Roots taking

B c <D — i

A i

Alex Haley twelve years . ®

D f

The sentence should read, "The research for the book Roots took Alex Haley twelve years
." Therefore,
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you should choose answer (C). i

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TOEFL® test directions and format are reprinted by permission

of ETS, the copyright owner. However, all examples and test
.
questions are provided by Pearson Education Inc,
_
I
388 COMPLETE TEST ONE i

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16 . Light can travels from the Sun to the Earth in eight minutes and twenty seconds.
A B C D

17. Every human typically have twenty-three pairs of chromosomes in most cells.
"

A B C D

18. Most sedimentary rocks start forming when grains of clay, silt , or sandy settle in
A B C
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river valleys or on the bottoms of lakes and oceans.

D

19. The total thickness of the ventricular walls of the heart are about three times that of
A B C D
the atria.

20. The type of jazz known as "swing" was introduced by Duke Ellington when he wrote
A B C
and records "It Don't Mean a Thing If It Ain't Got That Swing.”
D

21. The bones of mammals, not alike those of other vertebrates, show a high degree of
"
A B C
differentiation .
D

22. The neocortex has evolved more recently then other layers of the brain .
A B C D

23. The United States receives a large amount of revenue from taxation of a tobacco
~
A B C D
products.

24. Much fats are composed of one molecule of glycerin combined with three molecules
A B
of fatty
~
acids.
C D

25. The capital of the Confederacy was originally in Mobile, but they were moved to
A B C D
Richmond.

26. A pearl develops when a tiny grain of sand or stone or some another irritant
A B C
accidentally enters into the shell of a pearl oyster.
D

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

COMPLETE TEST ONE 389

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27 . The English horn is an alto oboe with a pitch one-fifth lower than the soprano oboe.
^
A B C D

28. In the Milky Way galaxy, the "most recent observed supernova appeared in 1604. .
~ ~
A B C D
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29. Never in the history of humanity has there been more people living on this relatively L,
A B C D
small planet.
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30. Because of the mobility of Americans today, it is difficult for they to put down
A B C
real roots.
D

31. For five years after the Civil War, Robert E. Lee served to president of Washington !
. i
A B
College, which was later called Washington and Lee.
C D ‘
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32. The number of wild horses on Assateague is increasing lately, resulting in overgrazed
A B C n
marsh and dune grasses . L. J
D

33. Hypnoses was successfully used during World War II to treat battle fatigue.
A B C D

34. The lobster, like many crustaceans, can cast off a damaging appendage and
~ ~~
C
A B
regenerate a new appendage to nearly normal size.
D
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35. Humans develop normally twenty primary , or deciduous, teeth and thirty-two L...J
A B C
permanent ones.
D

36. The curricula of American public schools are set in individual states; they
B
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n
A
do not determine by the federal government. !

c D
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37. The fact that the sophisticated technology has become part of revolution in travel i
A B
delivery systems has not made travel schedules less hectic.
D ( I
C
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390 COMPLETE TEST ONE
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38. Balanchine's plotless ballets, such Jewels and The Four Temperaments ,
present dance
A B C
purely as a celebration of the movement of the human body.
D
39. In a solar battery, a photosensitive semiconducting substance such as
silicon crystal
A B C
is the source of electrician .
D
40. In early days , hydrochloric acid was done by heating a mixture of sodium
chloride
A B C
with iron sulfate.
D

This is the end of Section 2.

If you finish before 25 minutes has ended,
check your work on Section 2 only.

STOP STOP STOP STOP STOP STOP STOP

,!

At the end of 25 minutes, go on to Section 3.

Use exactly 55 minutes to work on Section 3.

COMPLETE TEST ONE 391