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CH 2 History The Delhi Sultanate

The Delhi Sultanate, spanning from 1206 to 1526 CE, was marked by various dynasties including the Slave, Khalji, Tughlaq, Sayyid, and Lodi dynasties, each contributing to the political landscape of medieval India. Key figures such as Qutbuddin Aibak, Raziya, Alauddin Khalji, and Muhammad bin Tughlaq played significant roles in shaping the administration, military strategies, and economic policies of the Sultanate. The period was characterized by a centralized administration, military expansion, and socio-economic challenges, including oppression of peasants and ambitious but often failed reforms.

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33 views5 pages

CH 2 History The Delhi Sultanate

The Delhi Sultanate, spanning from 1206 to 1526 CE, was marked by various dynasties including the Slave, Khalji, Tughlaq, Sayyid, and Lodi dynasties, each contributing to the political landscape of medieval India. Key figures such as Qutbuddin Aibak, Raziya, Alauddin Khalji, and Muhammad bin Tughlaq played significant roles in shaping the administration, military strategies, and economic policies of the Sultanate. The period was characterized by a centralized administration, military expansion, and socio-economic challenges, including oppression of peasants and ambitious but often failed reforms.

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THE DELHI SULTANATE

Vocabulary Words
Sultanate
Gender
Chahalgani
Overlordship
Commemorate
Prudence
Humanitarian
Oppression
Permeated
The Slave Dynasty:
 The period between 1206-1526 CE is referred to as the period of Delhi
Sultanate in medieval Indian history.
Qutbuddin Aibak: [1206 – 10 CE]
 Qutbuddin Aibak, the founder of the Slave dynasty, became the first sultan
of Delhi in 1206CE.
 He established himself as the ruler in Afghanistan and the northern
part of the Indian subcontinent.
 He was also known as ‘lakhbaksh’.
IItutmish: [1210 – 1236 CE]
 He was considered as the real consolidator of Turkish conquests
in north India.
 He acquired Ranthambore, Bayana, Mandu and Jalor.
 He organized his nobility into a select group of forty nobles called
chalisa or chahalgani.
The Raziya Interlude: [1236 – 40 CE]
 She was the only Muslim woman ruler of Delhi.
 She was a great monarch, wise, a dispenser of justice and protector of her
subjects.
 The nobles were opposed to the rule by a female monarch and she was
murdered by them.
Nasiruddin Mahmud: [1246 – 66 CE]
 He came to the throne in 1246.
 He was succeeded by Ghiyasuddin Balban in 1266.
Ghiyasuddin Balban: [1266 – 87 CE]
 He followed a policy of blood and iron, through which he firmly dealt
with the affairs of the state.
 He centralised all power and authority in his own hands.
 He broke the power of the group of forty.
The Khalji Dynasty
Jalaluddin Khalji: [1290 – 96 CE]
 He was the founder of the Khalji dynasty.
 His rule was based on willing support of people.
Alauddin Khalji: [1296 – 1316 CE]
 He was an ambitious young man gifted with administrative skills and
military genius.
 He was the first Delhi Sultan to cross the Vindhya region and acquire
control of the Deccan.
 To commemorate his Deccan conquests, he built the famous Alai Darwaza
near the Qutb Minar.

The Tughlaq Dynasty


Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq: [1320 – 24 CE]
 He was the founder of the Tughlaq dynasty.
 He advocated a policy of tolerance instead of harsh punishment.
 He built the famous Tughlaqabad Fort in Delhi.
Muhammad bin Tughlaq: [1324 – 51CE]
 He is remembered as one of the most learned and accomplished
scholar of his time.
 He undertook several ambitious projects which despite being
innovative, failed since they lacked prudence.
 Transfer of the capital from Delhi to Devagiri, introduction of token
currency to overcome the shortage of gold and silver and increased taxes in
the Ganga-Yamuna Doab were a total failure.
 Ibn Battuta, a Moroccan traveler visited his court.
Firoz Shah Tughlaq: [1351 – 88 CE]
 He aimed at consolidating his empire and undertook many
humanitarian measures.
 He founded the city of Firozabad in Delhi.

Timur’s Invasion: [1398 CE]


 He was the ruler of Samarkand in Central Asia and the founder of this dynasty.
 He plundered Delhi and carried away enormous amounts of wealth as well as
many Indian artisans.
The Sayyid Dynasty: [1414 – 1451 CE]
 Khizr Khan took over as the Sultan of Delhi in 1414.
 He ruled for seven years and was succeeded by his son Mubarak Shah.
Lodi Dynasty: [1451 – 1526 CE]
Bahlul Lodi
 It was the first dynasty of Afghan rulers and he was the founder of
the dynasty.
 He was succeeded by his son Sikandar Lodi who is considered
as the greatest ruler of the Lodi dynasty.
 Ibrahim Lodi succeeded him and was defeated in the First
Battle of Panipat (1526) by Babur.
Administration in the Sultanate
 The Sultan was the head of the administration, commander-in-chief as
well as the chief justice of the empire
 He was advised on affairs of the state by trusted nobles.
 The army aided the sultan to stay in power, expand and defend his
empire.
 Iqtadars collected taxes and used it to maintain the army.
 Karkhanas or workshops headed by Maliks produced goods such as
cloth, paintings etc. to meet the requirements of the royal palace.
 Slaves were appointed as personal assistance as well as administrative
officials.
Army
 The army consisted of infantry, cavalry, archers and war elephants.
 Horses of good quality were imported from Arabia.
 Alauddin Khalji maintained a detailed description of each soldier known as
chehra and branded each horse known as dagh.
Economic and Social life
 The sultan depended on income from land in order to meet his expenses.
 All the administrative posts were reserved for the nobles.
 The peasants were subjected to oppression from revenue officials and their
demand for heavy taxes.

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